年英语中考常考考点归纳.doc

2015年英语中考语法常考考点归纳1. 名词可数名词：1）可用a/an 2) 可用some, any, many, few, a few等 3）单数变复数：photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, leaf-leaves, knife-knives, baby-babies等 不可数名词：1）不用a/an 2) 可用some, much, little, a little等3）常见：work, homework, housework, weather, information, news, advice, music, traffic 名词所有格：1）Lilys bike 2)Lily and Lucys bike 3) Lilys and Lucys bikes 4)Teachers Day , Womens Day, Childrens Day 5)a friend of mine = one of my friends 我的一个朋友2.代词 只用宾格 人称代词：主格、宾格 注意 1）动词、介词后的代词常用宾格2)teach sb. sth. 物主代词：形容词性物主代词（后面要接名词） 名词性物主代词（可单独使用，相当于形容词性物主代词+名词） 反身代词：help oneself to, enjoy oneself ,dress oneself, teach oneself, learn by oneself, introduce oneself 指示代词：one, that 和it 的用法 注意it 的常考句型：1） It is + 形容词+ (for/of sb.) + to do sth.2） Sb. find/think/feel + it +形容词+ to do sth.3） It seems that. 6) Its said /reported that4） Its time (for sb.) to do sth. 7) It takes sb. time to do sth.5） Its ones duty /turn to do sth. 不定代词：1）some, any 2)many,much 3)few, a few, little, a little 4）不定代词+形容词意思都都不另一个任一每一两者bothneitherthe othereithereach三者以上allnoneanotheranyevery 注意疑问代词：who, whose, which, what, why等3.数词 基数词：one, two, three 序数词：first, second, third, fifth, ninth, twelfth, twenty-first 注意 1） hundreds of two hundred students thousands of three thousand trees millions of four million people billions of five billion dollars2) an eight-year-old boy 3) in the 1970s = in the 1970s(在20世纪70年代) 4）时刻表达法：fifteen to six = a quarter to six 六点差十五分 fifteen past six = a quarter past six 六点超十五分 half past six 六点半 5）分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母要加s. three quarters = three fourths 四分之三4.介词：1）表示时间 in + 年份、月份、季节 : in 2009, in summer, in September on + 具体一天或某一天的早上、下午、晚上: on Sunday morningat + 时刻：at 12:30 注意 1）on the morning of July 5th ， in the morning/afternoon/ evening，at noon 2) except, besides, but 3) with，without 4) in the tree 与on the tree 5) 表示位置：in, to, on5.连词1）eitheror , neither nor , not only but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词根据后者来定，而 both and , 谓语动词用复数。2）when, while的用法 3）as soon as 4)not until 5）unless 后面的动词常用进行时 6) though/but 和 because/ so 的用法：二者不能同时用6.形容词: 1）be +形容词 2)形容词+ 名词 3）不定代词+形容词 4）keep/make+ 形容词 原级：1）asas 2)not so/as as 3)lessthan 4)sothat 5) tooto do sth 6)enough to do sth. 比较级 ：1)比较级+ than 2) Which is, A or B? 3)The +比较级,the + 比较级 4) 比较级+ and + 比较级 (better and better, more and more beautiful) 注意：修饰比较级的词有：much, a little, a bit, a lot, even, still, any等。 最高级：1) Which is, A， B or C ? 2)the + 序数词 + 最高级 3）one of the + 最高级+ 名词复数 4）句中出现有of/ in 短语 注意 Of all the students, Tom is the tallest. Of the two students, Tom is the taller.7.副词：1)行为动词+ 副词：work hard, listen to me carefully 2)副词 + 形容词： very beautiful 3)副词的比较级和最高级与形容词的构成一样，但副词的最高级前常省略the8.冠词： 不定冠词（a, an）: a useful language, a university, a unit, a European boyan hour, an honest man, an engineer, an umbrella, an unimportant meeting 定冠词（the）: 用在乐器、独一无二、序数词、形容词最高级前 零冠词（不用冠词）：1)三餐、球类、棋类前不用冠词 2）by + 交通工具9.动词 连系动词：1)be 动词（is, am, are, was , were） 2)感官动词 (smell, look, taste, feel, sound) 3)表示状态变化的：become, get, turn4)表示状态不变的：keep, remain 助动词：do, does, did, have, has, shall, will 情态动词：can, may, must, need, should注意 1) Must I ? 否定回答：No, you neednt./ No, you dont have to. May I? 否定回答：No, you mustnt. 2) need 情态动词：need + 动词原形 （只用于疑问句和否定句中） 行为动词：need to do sth. 3) had better (not) do sth. 4)表示猜测：must 一定，肯定，could可能，might也许，cant不可能 行为动词（实义动词）：构成疑问句和否定句时，要借助助动词10.时态 现在进行时：am/is/are + 现在分词（即动词-ing） 一般现在时：注意单三形式 （否定句和疑问句中添加助动词do/does） 一般过去时：注意动词过去式（否定句和疑问句中添加助动词did） 一般将来时：will + 动词原形 ；am/is/are going to +动词原形 过去进行时：was/were +现在分词 现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词11.被动语态1)一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词2)一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词3)一般将来时被动语态：will + be + 过去分词 ;am/is/are going to + be +过去分词4)含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词12非谓语动词 动词不定式：1) want,decide,agree,ask,tell,teach,wish,forget + to do sth. 2) 疑问词 + to do sth. 3) It is + 形容词 +( for sb.) + to do sth. 4) I find/feel/think it + 形容词 + to do sth. 5) 感官动词、使役动词变为被动语态，要加上to.如：be made to do sth. 动名词：1）enjoy, finish, mind, keep + doing sth. 2) My hobby is playing basketball.= Playing basketball is my hobby. (动名词，而不是现在分词) 注意 1)区分 stop doing sth.和 stop to do sth. 2) 区分forget/remember doing sth. 和forget/remember to do sth. 3) 区分see/watch/notice sb. doing sth. 和see/watch/notice sb. do sth.13.句子种类 陈述句 疑问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句（句中的连词用or） 反意疑问句： 1) 前肯+ 后否 2)前否+ 后肯注意 1)当前面出现否定词never,no,seldom,hardly,none,few,little,nobody,nothing 等时，后面用肯定. 2)当前面是There be 句型时，后面用there 作主语。 如：There is little water in it, is there? 3)Lets go home,shall we? 4)I dont think he is right, is he?祈使句：肯定：Open the door. 否定：Dont open the door.感叹句：1）How + 形/副 + （主语 + 谓语）！ 2）What + (a/an) + 形 + 名词 +（主语 + 谓语）！ 常考的不可数名词：work, homework, housework, weather, information, news, advice, music, traffic14.简单句的基本句型： 1）主语+ 连系动词+表语。 2）主语+ 不及物动词 3）主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语 4）主语+ 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 5）主语+ 及物动词 +宾语+宾语补足语 6）There be句型注意 1)There be 的反意疑问句 There is a book and two pens on the desk,isnt there? There are two pens and a book on the desk,arent there? There is no water,is there? 2) There be的一般将来时： There will be. () There will have () There is/are going to be() There is/are going to have()15.主谓一致 （1）当主语部分含有with,besides,except,but,like,as well as,together with等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由前面的主语决定。 Mike with his classmates has been to England.迈克同他的同学去过英格兰。 Tom,like his brother,enjoys playing football.汤姆像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The student as well as his parents is at home. 这学生和家长都在家。 (2)就近原则：在there be 句型中以及neithernor, eitheror, not only but also,notbut等连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. Neither he nor Lucy knows anything about it. Not only the students but also the teacher has visited the museum. (3)“a number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，“the number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of trees are cut down. 许多树木被砍伐了。 The number of students in our class is 42. 我们班的学生人数是42. （4）不定代词something, anybody,everyone等作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Is everyone here today? (5) 表示时间，距离，价格，重量，数目等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数。Two months is a long holiday. （6）each, neither,either,another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Neither of the girls is pretty.这两个女孩都不漂亮。16.主从复合句 (1）宾语从句：注意-连接词、语序、时态 连接词 that (可省略) if/ whether “是否” 特殊疑问词 语序：从句用陈述句的语序.I want to know when the train will leave. 时态: 1)当主句是一般现在时，从句根据需要选用任何一种时态。 2)当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去的某种时态。但是，当从句是客观事实或真理时，只能用一般现在时。 I want to know if he will come back tomorrow. He told me (that) he