高考英语暑假自选训练（6）.doc

2016高考英语暑假自选训练（6）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。as the railroads and the highways shaped the american west in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the west, for better or worse. much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. the same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.the 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. in much of the west, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. with the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died. big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west. this is not an argument against building them. we need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.so tradeoffs will have to be made. some scenic sports will be sacrificed. some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.the lasting effects of these tradeoffs are another matter. the 21st century development of the american west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. there are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.the money set aside in negotiated tradeoffs and the institution that control it will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. so lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west.本文是一篇说明文。19世纪，美国政府拨款修建铁路和公路，这既带来了好处，也带来了一些不利。现在21世纪，一种新型的电力系统会给美国带来好处还是坏处，这是值得考虑的一个问题。在建这种新型的电力系统时，我们要记住铁路和公路的影响。1what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?a. small towns along the railways became abandoned.b. some railroad stops remained underused.c. land in the west was hard to manage.d. land grants went into private hands.答案：c。细节理解题。根据第二段的“.and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.”可知，建铁路导致的问题是“土地所有权给土地管理带来了挑战”。a项是修建公路的影响；b项说一些铁路站一直未被充分利用，是错误的；d项原文未说。2what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?a. the transmission of power. b. the use of money and power.c. the conservation of solar energy. d. the selection of an ideal place. 答案：b。推理判断题。细读最后两段可知，对于可替代能源的发展主要的担忧是钱和力，钱和力可能带来一些好处，有可能被浪费掉，并且带来一些其他的问题。3what is the authors attitude towards building solar plants?a. cautious. b. approving. c. doubtful. d. disapproving.答案：a。推理判断题。根据全文以及文章的最后一句话“so lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highroads as we construct these new power plants in the west.”可知，对正在建立新的电力系统是比较谨慎的。4which is the best title for the passage?a. how the railways have affected the westb. how solar energy could reshape the westc. how the effects of power plants can be reducedd. how the problems of the highways have been settled答案：b。主旨大意题。文章借助于铁路和公路对美国的影响，要说明的是太阳能这种新的电力系统对美国西部地区会有什么的影响。社会生活类-阅读理解。a manhattan crossingnew yorkers like to say they can walk faster than the crosstown bus. on 34th street, buses average about four miles an hour. for those in a hurry, pretty much everyone here, its an icy pace for a crosstown trip. janette sadik-khan, the citys transportation commissioner, is proposing an interesting fix for 34th street. the city plan would close 34th street to non-bus traffic in the block between the empire state building and macys. on the rest of the street, cars would move one way only. it would take getting used to, but for bus passengers, the city says there are more than 40,000 a day on public, tour or commuter (通勤) buses along 34th street. the plan should cut the commute by up to 35 percent. people in other vehicles or about 10 percent of the human traffic would have to zig and zag (锯齿形) to get through this section of the city. it is probably fair to say that most are not particularly pleased about the whole concept. so the city needs to answer important questions. will this unrest mean more traffic on side streets that are already unbearably crowded? will deliveries be limited to the daybreak hours? will mayor michael bloomberg and ms. sadik-khan be willing to change or drop the plan if it simply wont work? the bloomberg administration has worked to improve bus traffic around the city. an experiment to speed up city buses along fordham road in the bronx has already reduced travel time and increased passengers number. urban planners have been studying the citys crosstown problems since the first traffic jam. robert moses at one point proposed a major highway just south of 34th street, part of which would go through an office building. the question is still whether it will really make it easier to operate in manhattan. 1. whats the first paragraph mainly talk about? a. traffic in manhattan is much too bad. b. new yorkers enjoy playing jokes about their buses. c. people are hard to cross 34th street. d. an interesting fix for crowded street is being made. 2. how many measures would be taken in order to improve the traffic situation in manhattan according to this plan? a. 2b. 3c. 4d. 63. whats the purpose of the experiment by the bloomberg administration? a. to improve traffic jam. b. to reduce travel time. c. to increase ridership. d. to relieve traffic pressure. 4. according to this passage, whose proposal might be difficult to becarried out? a. janette sadik-khan.b. robert moses.c. michael bloomberg.d. ms. sadik-khan.【参考答案】7.acdb 社会生活类-阅读理解。yao yunchun, a 24-year-old author who frequently shops online in hangzhou, zhejiang province, has never been so impatient for her parcels as she is now. she has been counting every day while she waits for the products she ordered to arrive, as many deliveries have been delayed over the past month. “it took more than a week for one of my parcels to arrive from beijing while, in the past, it took only four days,” said yao. she is just one of the many who like shopping on taobao. com, the countrys largest online shopping site, which has posted apologetic announcements to customers for the delays in deliveries. “many parcels are still at the airport and cannot be delivered on time, but i think i will do my best.” taobao clothes retailer (零售商) im shop said on its website. meanwhile, major express delivery companies in china have put up notices saying they are ready to cope with the delay in recent days. “it was mainly caused by a big increase in online shopping orders because of discounts offered by e-commerce companies,” said chen shousong, an analyst with domestic research company analysys international. taobao mall, the countrys largest business-to-customer shopping site by market share, for example, rolled out a large-scale discount on november 11 in which 150 brands sold their products at half price. the discount attracted the attention of many e-shopping enthusiasts who spent 936 million yuan ($142 million) in just one day. the recent shortage of diesel oil, which restricts delivery vehicles capacity, and bad weather conditions in north china, also added to an already overloaded express delivery market. bottlenecks in delivery often appear before long holidays, such as the coming christmas and new year holidays and the chinese traditional spring festival holiday. delivery employees often quit their jobs at that time when faced with lots of work and low pay. 1. which of the following is the best title for the passage? a. waiting for the postman impatiently. b. shopping on t conveniently. c. arguing with retailers online heatedly. d. suffering from large-scale discounts. 2. why were many deliveries delayed last month? a. the airport didnt perform their duty properly. b. some customers didnt pay enough money. c. sales volume in online shopping goes up rapidly. d. delivery companies are short of vehicles. 3. what do you think of the taobao retailers? a. they lack good faith and service. b. they are proudhearted and irresponsible. c. they are warmhearted and apologetic. d. they should improve their work greatly. 4. the underlined word “enthusiasts” has the same meaning with . a. retailers b. customers c. provider d. netbug5. what would be continued with the passage? a. to attract more new delivery employees. b. to call off the holiday for spring festival. c. to stop online shopping before holidays. d. to build e-commerce companies own delivery teams. 【参考答案】8. accbd 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。astronauts on shorter shuttle missions (使命) often work very long days. tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the days work. this type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the international space station (iss) . iss crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. they work five days on and two days off tomimic the normal way they do things on earth as much as possible. weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. they can communicate with family and friends by email, internet phone and through private video conferences. while astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. before a mission, the family and friends of each iss crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the earth. during their mission, the crew also receives care packages with cds, books, magazines, photos and letters. and as from early 2010, the internet became available on the iss, giving astronauts the chance to do some“web surfing (冲浪) ” in thei