09江苏省南京高考英语信息课件单选.ppt

2009年新高考英语解题策略单选选择 单项选择题 还原再现法 语境定义法 标点提示法 克服思维定势法 依据习惯用法 消元简化法 消元简化法 1 theexcitingmoment atlast a comingb camec comed comes welookedforwardto 即去掉句子的修饰或插入成分 找出句子主干 从而简化句子结构 2 thewriter whomioftenrefertoatthemeetings famousforthoseworks a isb arec amd were 3 heoftenstandsagainstthefenceandtalksendlesslywithmyfather gardeningproblems a tob tooc aboutd off strategytwo 还原再现法 即通过转换句型还原句子本来面目 以便理解句意 从而降低难度 一般有以下7中情况 如 1 whomwouldyouratherhave withyou a togob goc goned going 分析 测试的知识点是使役动词have的宾语补足语用动词原形表示将要发生的动作 havesb dosth 还原为 youwouldratherhavewhom withyou 一 将疑问句改成陈述句 1 timeshouldbemadegooduseof ourlessonswell a learningb learnedc tolearnd learns weshouldmakegooduseoftime ourlessonwell c 二 改被动句为主动句 1 itwas theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathome a repairb repairingc torepaird inrepair 还原为 theoldmanspentthewholemorning theoldclockathome 判断一个句子是不是强调句型的最佳办法 去掉题干中的itis was that who 如果句子仍然成立 表达完整的意思 则是强调句型 否则 则不是强调句型 三 强调句型还原成简单句式 注意比较下面例子 2 itwas2004 youjoinedthefootballclub itwasin2004 youjoinedthefootballclub a whob thatc whend which 分析 第一句运用还原法 去掉itwas that 即可看出句意不完整 2004前需加in 故此句不是强调句型 而是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句 第二句则是强调句 c b whatlittletomsaidtohismothersounded a whatreasonableb howareasonablec howreasonabled whatareasonable whatlittletomsaidtohismothersounded 很容易发现sound之后应接形容词作表语 四 感叹句还原为陈述句 thatwas wehadinlondon3yearsago a wonderfultimeb awonderfultimec wonderfuld wonderfully 可还原为 wehadawonderfultimeinlondon3yearsago 可看出该复合句中有一固定搭配hadawonderfultime 玩得愉快 定语从句中省略了关系代词that 五 固定短语还原 六 还原省略成分 1 whatmadeyousohappy a becauseofmypassingtheexam b ipassedtheexam c becauseipassedtheexam d mypassingtheexam mademesohappy 2 iftheweatherisfine we llgo if a not notb no noc not nod no not ifitischeap i llbuyit ifnot not ifyoustudyhard you llsucceed ifnot not 3 theresearchissodesignedthatonce nothingcanbedonetochangeit a beginsb havingbegunc beginningd begun onceitisbegun 语境定义法 即根据实际语境 找到关键信息 从而准确答题 1 原题 whichofthethreewaysshallitaketothevillage wayasyouplease 2004福建 改编 whichofthetwowaysshallitaketothevillage wayasyouplease a eachb everyc anyd either d c 不同的语境传达不同的信息 注意比较 2 原题 hassamfinishedhishomeworktoday ihavenoidea he itthismorning nmet2004全国ii a didb hasdonec wasdoingd haddone c a 改编 hassamfinishedhishomeworktoday yes he itthismorning 标点提示法 即根据句子中的标点符号 如逗号 分号 破折号等 从而正确理解句子含义 1 tomhasmanyfriends canhelphim a fewofwhichb fewofwhomc fewofthatd fewofthem strategyfive 克服思维定势法 即解题时不能按照已有的思维模式 不受母语思维的干扰 而是要仔细分析句子 从而不落入出题人的圈套 1 thecountrylifehewasusedto greatlysince1992 2005山东卷 a changeb haschangedc changingd havechanged 解析 易受sbbeusedtodoing的影响而误选c 根据句意和结构可知 hewasusedto为定语从句 修饰先行词thecountrylife 此空格应填谓语动词 2 mr smithis agoodteacher weallrespect a such thatb such asc so thatd so as 3 mr smithis agoodteacher weallrespecthim a 4 around后究竟用什么 isthereashoparound wecanbuysometoiletarticles a thatb whichc whered what 5 smokingherewillbefined a whob whoeverc anyoned whoever6 smokesherewillbefined a whob whoeverc anyoned whomever strategysix 依据习惯用法 即根据英语语言的习惯用法 避免汉语式表达 1 it sgettinglate i mafraidimustbegoingnow 2004全国 ok a takeiteasy b goslowly c staylonger d seeyou 2 如果你方便的话 说成英语是ifyouareconvenient吗 i llcometoseeyouif a you reconvenientb itisconvenientforyouc youfeelconvenientd itisconvenientwithyou 3 交通拥挤 的英语是crowdedtraffic吗 hewantstomovehouse becausehehatesthe here a crowdedtrafficb crowdedtrafficsc busytrafficd busytraffics 4 worth和asleep的修饰词 maryisverycleverand worthteaching butherbrotherisnot look heisnow asleepinclass a very veryb much veryc well veryd well fast 5 whoheis还是whoitis someoneisringingthedoorbell goandsee a whoisheb whoheisc whoisitd whoitis 一 应注意全面审题 克服顾前不顾后或只顾结构和形式 不考虑语言意义和情景提示的思维习惯 二 充分依据题中信息找出提示 或者全面考虑找出暗示 三 特别注意主从句 插入语 时态 标点符号和一些复杂成分的干扰 practicemakesperfect summary pleasemakeupmyexcuseattomorrow smeeting i vegottoomuchwork a todotocomeb doingcomingc todocomingd doingtocome 3 imetseveralpeoplethere twoof beingforeigners a whomb themc whod which 2 imetseveralpeoplethere twoof wereforeigners a whomb themc whod which 1 利用知识点的常用规则考查 attheendofthemeeting itwasannouncedthatanagreement 2007江苏 hasbeenreachedb hadbeenreachedc hasreachedd hadreached 2 利用学生学习的难点考查 shelooksveryhappy she havepassedtheexam iguessso it snotdifficultafterall 2007江苏 shouldb couldc mustd might 3 利用学生容易疏漏的知识点考查 heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem inhislectures 2007江苏 a interestedb interestingc interestd tointerest 4 利用学生混淆不清的知识点考查 mymostfamousrelativeofall whoreallylefthismarkonamerica wasrebsussel mygreat grandfather 2006江苏 a oneb theonec hed someone 5 利用学生的思维定势考查 you himaroundthemuseumyet yes wehadagreattimethere 2007江苏 a have shownb do showc had shownd did show 6 利用语言 文化差异考查 hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail 2006北京 a andb forc butd or 1 冠词 4点 除复习冠词的基本用法外 其 例外 用法值得注意 1 表示 某一 的意思时 专有名词及月份 星期的名词前用a或an 例如 onasaturdaymorninghegotlostinthemountain 2 a an 名词 修饰性的定语从句或介词短语 例如 mrs taylorhas 8 year olddaughterwhohas giftforpainting shehaswontwonationalprizes 2005浙江 a ab an thec an ad the a 又如 forhim stageisjust meansofmakingaliving 2006山东 a ab the ac the thed a the3 在句中第一次出现的名词不等于不特指 完全看语境的暗示 例如 iknockedovermycoffeecup itwentrightover keyboard youshouldn tputdrinksnear computer 2006北京 a the 不填b the ac a 不填d a a thestage影员职业 goonthestage从事影艺职业 onstage在演出 4 music nature society前通常不用冠词 除非特指 例如 iknowyoudon tlike musicverymuch butwhatdoyouthinkof musicinthefilmwesawyesterday 2006全国iii b the thec the d the 2 形容词 副词 3点 1 几个形容词作定语的排序问题 理论上若干形容词可共同作一个名词的定语 其排列顺序是 描绘形容词 大小 长短高低 形容词 形状形容词 年龄 新旧 形容词 颜色形容词 国籍形容词 材料形容词 用途 类别 形容词 名词 例如 this girlislind scousin 2005北京 a prettylittlespanishb spanishlittleprettyc spanishprettylittled littleprettyspanish 2 绝不能忽略less least及worse worst等表示 更少 最少 更糟 最糟 等概念的比较级和最高级的使用 例如 alanisacarefuldriver buthedrives ofmyfriends 2007上海 morecarefullyb themostcarefullyc lesscarefullyd theleastcarefully 3 cannot too 无论 也不过分 cannot more 再 不过了 例如 mustiturnoffthegasaftercooking ofcourse youcanneverbe carefulwiththat 2005江西 enoughb tooc sod very goforapicnicthisweekend ok ilovegettingclosetonature 2004福建 a icouldn tagreemoreb i mafraidnotc ibelievenotd idon tthinkso 3 代词 2点 指代词指一种情况 例如 i dappreciate ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer 2006山东 a thatb itc thisd you又如 ihate whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull nmet1998 a itb thatc thesed them 2 one theone都可以作同位语 被说明的名词为特指时 同位语用theone 反之则用one 例如 mymostfamousrelativeofall whoreallylefthismarkonamerica wasrobsussel mygreatgrandfather 2006江苏 oneb theonec hed someone 4 动词的时态 4点 1 时间 条件状语从句中的谓语动词可以用完成时替代将来时 例如 leaveattheendofthismonth idon tthinkyoushoulddothatuntil anotherjob 2006北京 i mgoingto you dfoundb i mgoingto you vefoundc i ll you llfindd i ll you dfind 2 一般过去时可以与段时间连用 例如 i inlondonformanyyears buti veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktochina 2006重庆 a livedb waslivingc havelivedd hadlived 3 itis wasthefirst second time 完成时 例如 doyouknowourtownatall no thisisthefirsttimei here nmet91 wasb havebeenc camed amcoming 4 表示思维的动词 如 think want hope plan intend mean suppose等可以用过去完成时或一般过去时表示事与愿违的情况 例如 ouch youhurtme iamsorry buti anyharm i todrivearatout 2007江西 didn tmean triedb don tmean amtryingc haven tmeant triedd didn tmean wastrying 5 情态动词 2点 1 表示猜测 推测 must用在肯定句中 can could用在疑问句中 may might can could用在肯定句或否定句中 may might侧重从事实的角度做出猜测 而can could则侧重从逻辑角度做出猜测 例如 helen goonthetripwithus butsheisn tquitesureyet 2005安徽 shallb mustc mayd can又如 i vetakensomeoneelse sgreensweaterbymistake it harry s healwayswearsgreen 2005广东 hastobeb willbec mustn tbed couldbe 2 表示埋怨 责怪 should not havedone ought not to havedone could havedone needn t havedone例如 mycat sreallyfat you havegivenhersomuchfood 2007浙江 wouldn tb couldn tc shouldn td mustn t 6 非谓语动词 7点 1 非谓语动词的基本概念 例如 therehavebeenseveralnewevents totheprogramforthe2008beijingolympicgames 2006北京 a addb toaddc addingd added 2 英汉结构的差异 如 don tsitthere nothing comeandhelpmewiththistable 2006湖北 a dob todoc doingd anddoing 3 非谓语动词的时间差 todo表示经常 将要或正在进行的动作 tobedoing强调正在进行 tohavedone则表示已经发生的动作 doing表示经常或正在进行的动作 havingdone表示已经完成的动作 done表示已经完成的动作 4 非谓语动词的辩义 例如 thiscake you llneed2eggs 175gsugarand175gflour 2006广东 a havingmadeb makec tomaked making再如 5 非谓语的时间差 afterhebecameconscious heremembered and ontheheadwitharod 2006江西 a toattack hitb tobeattacked tobehitc attacking behitd havingbeenattacked hit 6 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的构成形式 独立主格结构的逻辑主语 例如 thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool theirlessons fortheday 2007重庆 a finishingb finishedc hadfinishedd werefinished又如 johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner andwithhiswork hegladlyacceptedit 2007安徽 a finishedb finishingc havingfinishedd wasfinished再如 comeon pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject sorry withsomuchwork mymind ialmostbreakdown 2007福建 a filledb fillingc tofilld beingfilled 7 非谓语动词作状语为已知条件 在选择句子时 要考虑句子的主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系 例如 facedwithabillfor 10 000 2006全国ii a johnhastakenanextrajobb thebosshasgivenjohnanextrajobc anextrajobhasbeentakend anextrajobhasbeengiventojohn 8 下列动词短语中的to为介词 objecttobe getusedtobededicatedto 专注于 bedevotedtolookforwardtocontributetopayattentiontobeadjustedto 适应于 beadaptedto 适合于 getdowntosticktoprefer to 例如 isn tittimeyougotdownto thepapers 2006重庆 a markb bemarkedc beingmarkedd marking 9 现在分词 不定式都可以作结果状语的区别 例如 hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout 2006全国ii a totellb tobetoldc tellingd told又如 weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys footballsorbasketballs thatallchildrenlikethesethings 2006全国iii thinkingb thinkc tothinkd thought 10 need want require deserve doing tobedone例如 asaresultoftheseriousflood two thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea 2007陕西 a needrepairingb needstorepairc needsrepairingd needtorepair 7 名词性从句与定语从句的辨析 4点 1 what不能引导定语从句 例如 youcanonlybesureof youhaveatpresent youcannotbesureofsomething youmightgetinthefuture 2007安徽 a that whatb what c which thatd that 2 as which在引导非限定性定语从句时的异同点 例如 theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds 2006江苏 a whob thatc asd which 3 where可以引导地点状语从句 例如 mom whatdidyourdoctorsay headvisedmetolive theairisfresher 2006四川 a inwhereb inwhichc theplacewhered where又如 ifyouaretraveling thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown