必修1 Unit5重点句型及语法.doc

必修一 Unit 5重点句型及语法1. Only then did we decided to answer violence with violence.（p34-27）语法点：Only +状语/状语从句放于句首时，主句部分进行部分倒装语法结构：Only+状语/状语从句+助动词（do/does/be/will/have/has/had/情态动词）+主语+谓语 简化：Only+状语+一般疑问句e.g. Only recently have I had time to read.Only by working hard can we succeed.Only when one is away from home does he realize how nice home is.注意：“only+主语”，不进行倒装e.g. Only he knows the answer.【习题演练】 Only when the meeting began _ that he had left his paper in the office. (realize)只有当会议开始他才意识到他把他的资料留在了办公室。Only in this way _make improvements in the operating system.(hope) 只有用这种方式你才能指望改进这个操作系统。Only when I entered the senior high school _a great interest in poems.(show) 只在我进入高中时，我才开始显露出对诗歌极大的兴趣。Tom has made remarkable progress in his studies. You see, only a few mistakes _in this exam.(make) 汤姆在他的学习中取得了引人注目的进步。你看，在这次考试中他只犯了几个错误。Only _.（settle）只有你能解决这个问题。Not Only _people to find jobs, butalso medical treatment will be provided for people who need it(help).(2007)不仅要给予人们帮助去找工作，医疗救助也将被提供给需要它的人们。答案：1. did he realize 2. can you hope to 3. did I begin to show 4. were made by him 5.you can settle this problem 6. help will be given to2. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.（P38-15）语法要点：名词词组“the first time”作为连词，引导时间状语从句，含义为“第一次”e.g. I fell in love with her the first time I saw her. I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.知识扩展：（1）一就as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly 连词,后面必须接句子 the moment, the minute, the instant no soonerthan, ：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后面用过去完成时 注意：no sooner与hardly/scarcely位于句首，部分倒装hardly/scarcelywhen, once e.g. ：Once you remember it, you will never forget it. Next time you come in,please close the door. No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called me.（2）every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，必须将其看成是连词，后面接上完整的句子表示“每当，每次，下次”。 e.g.：Every /Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. 【习题演练】（1）_(我一听到)the voice, I knew father was coming.(moment)I knew father was coming _(我一听到)the voice. (soon)I knew father was coming _(我一听到)the voice. (directly)Hardly _(我一听到) the voice when I knew father was coming. (hear)No sooner _(我一听到) the voice when I knew father was coming. (hear)（2）_（下次你进房时）, please close the door. (next time)_(每次我有困难时)，he would come to help me. (each)_(我第一次听她的歌)， I loved this pop singer. (first)习题答案：(1) 1. The moment I heard 2. as soon as I heard 3. directly I heard 4. had I heard 5. had I heard (2) 1. Next time when you enter the room 2. Each time I had a trouble 3. The first time I heard her song3. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.（P38-4） 语法要点：“should have done” 本应该做，而事实尚未做，表示虚拟 e.g. You shouldnt have watered so much. The flowers died. 知识扩展：“本”系列could have doneshould have donemight have donewould have doneneednt have donee.g. You neednt have got up so early. We still have enough time.I could have finished my homework on time, but my friends came to see me.【习题演练】Many coal mine accidents_if we had followed the strict safety rules. (avoid) 如果我们之前遵循了严格的安全制度，很多煤矿事故本来可以避免的。Without their help, the police _in catching the robber in such a short time. (succeed) 没有他们的帮助，在那样短的时间内警察不可能成功地抓到抢劫犯。The plants in our garden _if it had not rained so much last year. (grow) 如果去年不下如此多的雨，我们花园的植物本可以长得更好。John _, but there wasnt her size in the shop. (could) 约翰本来可以给他的女儿买一条新牛仔裤的但是店里没有她的型号。17. You _that; I had warned you of that several times. (should) 你本不该做那个，我已经警告过你很多次了。18. But for your generous help, I _ this task so early. (finish) 要不是你慷慨的帮忙，我不可能如此容易地完成这项工作。习题答案：1. could have been avoided 2. couldnt have succeeded 3. could have grown better 4. could have bought her daughter a pair of new jeans 5. couldnt have finished 4. To my understanding, (p39) 语法要点：to ones +n.(n.一般为表示心情的单词) e.g. To our surprise, he should be rude to the old lady.5. V-ing形式作后置定语 【原文再现】The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.（P34-20）Luckily Mr. Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island.(P38-15)语法要点：V-ing形式作后置定语，与被修饰的词之间构成主动关系或者进行状态，可以与定语从句之间进行互换。e.g. The girl talking with my teacher is my sister.(The girl who is talking with my teacher is my sister.)The woman wearing a big red flower is Yang Er.(= The girl who wears a big red flower is Yang Er.)6. Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office. 语法要点：since引导的原因状语从句 连接词：because of; since; for; as 介词词组：because of; as a result of; owing to; due to ; on account of【习题演练】1. As Ill be away for at least a year, Id appreciate _ now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard2. The teacher didnt feel like _ hem on the spot.A. correct B. correcting C. to correct D. corrected3. With the old man _ the way, we had no trouble in _ that cave. A. leads, find B. leading, finding C. led, to find D. was leading, found4. I remember _ for the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to pay B. paying C. to have paid D. being paid5. He was seen _ out. A. go B. to go C. went D. goes6. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside. A. live B. to live C. to living D. living7. We dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking8. Im looking forward to _ from you soon. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard9. She doesnt mind _ at home alone though she may feel lonely. A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. to be left10. People from all the corners came to the city, _ it very crowded. A. to make B. and making C. made D. making语法专项：关系副词、介词+关系代词一、 关系副词【原句再现】The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. (P34-2)The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. (P34-9) However, there was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. (P34-12)The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. (P34-15)The place outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa(P34-23)He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.(P38-4)语法要点：（一）当定语从句中所修饰的先行词在定语从句中做状语（时间、地点、原因）的时候，应该用关系副词，包括：when; where; why.e.g. Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. The hotel where we stayed was very clean. The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.语法难点：关系代词VS关系副词 （关系代词和关系副词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句中作的成分） 作宾语、主语、表语 关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose） 作状语 关系副词 （when; where; why）【习题演练】 在横线上填写正确的关系词。 Ill never forget the days _ I spent with my teacher. Ill never forget the days _ I played with you. The factory _ we visited yesterday was built last year. The factory _ he works was built last year. This is the reason _ she gave me for doing it. Do you know the reason _ he came late.（二）地点模糊化【课文原句再现】 The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.（P34-20） “ we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.”（P34-25）语法要点：在定语从句中，有一些表示地点的先行词并不是很明确的具体地点，而是一些模糊、抽象的地点，例如，case, stage, position, situation, point, spot, scene,degree,occasion等，此时要选择关系副词where.(前提：这些模糊地点名词在定语从句中不作主语和宾语)e.g. 【习题演练】（2006年山东卷）Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.Awhere Bthat Cwhen Dwhich(2007年陕西卷)Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.Awhich Bas Cwhy DwhereMany people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger.Ain whichBby whichCwhich Dthat二、介词+关系代词【原句再现】It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.（P34-2）He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.（P34-6）The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. (P34-22)“ we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.”（P34-25）It was a prison from which no one escaped.(P38-2)语法要点：(1)“介词+关系代词”既可以用在限制性的定语从句中，也可以用在非限制性的定语从句中。(2)“介词+关系代词”这个结构中的关系代词只能为：which, whom, whose(3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when, where, why互换。e.g. This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club?The reason why( for which) he was late was that he missed his train.注意：像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)This is the watch for which I am looking. （F）介词的选择：看前、看后、看含义e.g. Ill never forget the day on which I was with my friends on the countryside. The airport at which I arrived is designed by my father. The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.(4)复合介词+关系代词Learning strategies, to which (the) teachers attach/ have attached (老师们认为) importance, have not yet drawn enough attention of students. (attach)My house is in the suburb, in front of which there is a lake (前面有个湖). (front)（5）不定代词some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few + of + 关系代词) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（6）形容词的比较级/最高级+ of + 关系代词She has three sons, the oldest of whom is a PLA man. (其中最大的一个) (old)【习题演练】. The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. (2008陕西卷)A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ there wont be much work. (2008上海春招) A. where B. that C. by which D. without which. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example.A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008年上海卷)A. which B. whose C. in which D. with