Nokia_GPRS解决方案描述.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Solution DescriptionGPRS解决方案描述此文档仅供学习与交流The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This document is intended for the use of Nokia Telecommunications customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia Telecommunications. The document has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it. Nokia Telecommunications welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development and improvement of the documentation. The information or statements given in this document concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement made between Nokia Telecommunications and the customer. However, Nokia Telecommunications has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia Telecommunications will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the document. Nokia Telecommunications liability for any errors in the document is limited to the documentary correction of errors. Nokia Telecommunications WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENT OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this document or the information in it.This document and the product it describes are considered protected by copyright according to the applicable laws.NOKIA logo is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective companies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.Copyright Nokia Telecommunications Oy 1999. All rights reserved.No. of Pages50Edited by/TranslatorAuthor20.6.99Ashley ColleyApproved by20.6.99Chris BriglinPrevious issueApproved 14.1.99 v1.01 Executive summaryWireless data is the key to open the door to the high revenue corporate sector and to value-added services for consumers. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a major step forward in wireless data. It gives customers the benefits of instant IP connectivity on-the-move and being continuously connected. GPRS provides the possibility of being charged only for transferred data in addition to more efficient use of valuable air interface resources.Nokia GPRS CoreAdopting the Nokia GPRS core gives an economical way to provide GPRS coverage over the entire network. As the use of GPRS grows, capacity can be added, while keeping transmission and interconnection costs to a minimum.Nokias Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) provides telecom class reliability and built-in redundancy. Based on the proven Nokia DX200 switching platform, Nokias SGSN is capable of handling the special needs of a mobile network. The Nokia Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is based on a Nokia router platform and includes the features needed to offer secure access solutions to corporate customers.Nokia provides a complete GPRS core solution, including Domain Name Systems (DNS) and the Nokia IP400 Series, the industrys most powerful and flexible integrated router firewall product.Nokia Network Management Nokia has extended its NMS/2000 Network Management System, integrating the management of GPRS with the existing GSM network, giving operators the many operational benefits of a single NMS system.Nokia Charging and BillingThe amount of charging data created by GPRS needs special consideration. As part of its total GPRS solution, Nokia provides operators with a Charging Gateway and a billing system that is fully integrated with the GPRS network and the operators billing systems.Nokia BSS and GPRSNokia has implemented powerful resource management algorithms to ensure the highest possible capacity from the Base Station Subsystem (BSS). The system constantly reallocates capacity between GPRS and Circuit Switched traffic, while delivering a high quality service for voice users. Contents1Executive summary 31General 31.1Document revision history 32The need for data services 32.1Why do I need to offer data services? 32.2Why do I need GPRS? 33Solution concept 33.1What is GPRS? 33.2GPRS Growth Steps 33.3Nokia GPRS Release 1 Functionality 33.4GPRS in the Air Interface 33.5Transmission 33.6Applications 34Implementation, Planning and Operation 34.1BTS 34.2BSC 34.3MSC/VLR 34.4HLR and EIR 34.5SGSN 34.6GGSN 34.7Charging Gateway 34.8Terminals 34.9Planning the GPRS network 34.10Operation 35Benefits of Nokias GPRS Solution 36Proof Example Business Case 3Appendix 1. HW and SW Support for Nokia GPRS2 GeneralThis document describes the Nokia General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) solution. Responsible person: Ashley ColleyStatus: 1.0Confidentiality: Nokia Customer Confidential.Availability and commitment status: See Appendix 1Additional information: Nokia Data Applications White Paper provides additional information about the data solutions in general.2.1 Document revision historyVersionDateAuthorComments1.014.1.99AsCVersion 1.09AsCSGSN cap. Corrected9AsCGGSN capacity update1.320.6.99AsCFig 9 & sec 4.1 updated3 The need for data services2 对数据业务的需要3.1 Why do I need to offer data services?2.1 为什么我需要提供数据业务3.1.1 Service Differentiation2.1.1 业务的不同As the amount of voice traffic per subscriber continues to grow and mobile penetration reaches its full potential, mobile operators must find ways to stay competitive other than merely setting aggressive tariffs. Offering value-added services and interesting content is the key to increasing revenues and keeping ahead of the competition.随着话音用户的增长和移动的竞争也达到了一个新的高度，移动的运营商必须找到一个新的方法在激烈的竞争中保持领先的地位。提供增值业务和互连网业务是其中一个很好的办法。Mobile data services make it possible to offer innovative, segmented services to different user groups, attract new subscribers and reduce churn. Data users may also be the highest speech users, so capturing their business can also increase speech revenues.对不同用户群提供移动数据业务是一个创新的，永久的业务，并能吸引新的用户。数据用户一般来说是语音用的多的用户，因此吸引他们也能增加语音的收入。3.1.2 More revenue 2.1.2 更多的收入Data services offer the opportunity to gain revenue by providing much more than a mobile connection. Data services alsoprovide additional revenue from the type of content accessed and for amount of content transferred during that connection.数据业务通过提供更多的接入来增加收益。数据业务同时通过不同的业务的接入以及相应的流量的传输来增加收益。3.1.3 Huge potential market for data services2.1.3 巨大的潜在的数据业务市场With close to 400 million GSM mobile phone users and over 150 million Internet users worldwide, mass mobile communications and universal access to information are two of the major trends of our age. In many countries there are now more people with a mobile phone than without one and within the next decade there will be more mobile phone users worldwide than fixed telephone users. On the Internet side, many fixed network operators now carry more data traffic than voice traffic. The Internet has evolved into an interactive and multimedia medium that millions of people are incorporating more and more into their everyday lives both at work and at home. Separately the mobile phone and the Internet are powerful forces in their own rights. But together they promise to be yet more powerful. 接近40亿的用户使用GSM用户，150亿的互联网用户是我们这个时代两大得到信息的主要的途径。在很多的国家下一个十年，更多的人们将拥有一个或多个移动电话，全球来讲移动用户的数量也将超过固定用户。在互联网上，更多的固定运营商提供的数据业务超过话音业务。互联网成为每个人生活工作之间的一个吸引人的，多媒体的之间网络。在各自的发展方向上两种业务都是非常有发展前景的，但是把他们结合起来将是一种更有发展前景的业务。SMS is a good example of how hungry users are for data services. Even with a difficult user interface and relatively high tarriffs SMS traffic is booming!SMS是渴望数据业务的一个很好的例子。实际的不同的接口和真实的高速的SMS正在急速的发展。3.2 Why do I need GPRS?2.2 为什么我需要GPRS3.2.1 GPRS brings benefits to the end users2.2.1 每个用户都能从GPRS受益The Internet has become a part of everyday life: GPRS gives a direct link between the worlds of the Internet and mobile communications. 互连网成为每个人生活的一部分。GPRS在互连网和移动通信之间架起一座桥。GPRS is different from existing GSM data services. Firstly, it allows users to instantly access data as they would using their office LAN: the mobile user doesnt have to connect to the network each time he wants to transfer data, he can stay connected all day. GPRS enables instant, always connected applications.GPRS不同已有的GSM的数据业务。首先，他允许用户立刻接入数据就像使用他的办公的LAN：移动用户不必为每次他想传数据时建立连接。他能够整天的处于连接状态。GPRS连接迅速，总是在线。Secondly, GPRS allows you to charge users for the actual amount of data they transfer. This makes a whole new area of mobile data applications possible.With the higher transmission speeds provided by GPRS, end users will find that file downloads are faster, new applications become possible and data services overall are much more attractive.第二，GPRS允许按照传输的流量计费。他使一个全新的数据应用成为可能。GPRS提供高的传输的速率，最终用户可用用来文件的传输，新的应用变的可用，数据业务也将更有吸引力。All this means that, for example, a user browsing WWW pages will be able to download pages faster and also wont have to pay for the time between each page download when hes reading the last page.这就意味着，用户在浏览WWW时只需为下载网页的数据量付费，而无需在浏览时也付费。3.2.2 Fast network roll-out with minimum investment2.2.2 最小的投资最大的网络回报Delaying implementation of GPRS may mean the difference between staying ahead of the competition or losing the most profitable market segments to your competitors. According to the most forward thinking GSM operators, by the year 2001, or even earlier, up to 30% of the traffic in GSM networks will be generated by data applications.延迟GPRS的执行可能意味着不可能在保持竞争者的领先地位或者在你的竞争者之前永久失去高回报的市场。对于高瞻远瞩的GSM运营商来说，到2001，或者更早GSM将近30%的流量将是数据业务。Operators need a solution that can be easily integrated with their existing networks, major modifications should be avoided when introducing GPRS. 运营商需要一个和以存在的网络很好的整合的解决方案，大的修改将被避免。Operators also need an easily expandable GPRS solution, so they can start small and develop GPRS capacity as GPRS traffic and revenues start to increase. Nokia has taken this into account in the design of the its GPRS solution and as a result investment risk and payback times are minimised.运营商也需要一个容量扩展的GPRS方案，以便他们可以开始小的并当GPRS流量发展时可以和容易的扩展GPRS的容量。NOKIA 以考虑到了这些，并提供一个低风险，受益快的解决方案。3.2.3 GPRS uses excess voice capacity for data2.2.3 GPRS用户剩余的语音的容量用于数据A significant amount of excess capacity already exists in your network that can be used by GPRS - even during the busy hour !网络存在一定数量的剩余容量，这部分可用于数据业务，甚至在忙时。For example, a two TRX cell can carry up to 15 Erlangs of speech traffic, but at 2% blocking it can only actually support 9 Erlangs of speech traffic: because of the length of the speech calls they just cant be packed in any tighter. So, 40% of the potential capacity is unused. GPRS can use some of this excess capacity.举例来说，一个2载频的小区可以有15爱尔兰容量用于话音业务，但是2%拥塞时他只能提供9爱尔兰。意味话音的长度使他们不能在每个时刻到达峰值，因此40的潜在的容量未被使用，GPRS能够使用其中一些容量。Usage patterns for data services may also be different to speech services and with additional off-peak tariffing incentives, you can use data services to capitalise on the excess off-peak capacity in your network.数据业务的模型是不同于话音业务的。你可以利用你的网络的超出峰值的部分来传输数据业务。3.2.4 The smooth path to 3G services2.2.4 3G的平滑过渡Remember that, although re-use of existing infrastructure is obviously desirable when moving to UMTS, the biggest investment you have made is in your customer base and service provision capabilities. This must be your major focus when moving to UMTS.需要提醒的是，当发展到UMTS时，尽管可以再次的利用存在的基础，你的最大的投资的方向是你的基础用户和业务的提供的能力。这也是你的最主要的关注点。The next step toward the higher data rates of UMTS is EDGE (GSM 384). EDGE delivers GPRS and HSCSD services using an enhanced rate air interface. This builds directly on existing GPRS infrastructure, minimising new investment.UNTS下一步发展高的速率是EDGE（GSM 384）。EDGE从GPRS和HSCSD发展尔来，并使用增强的空中接口。这直接构筑在GPRS上，只需要小的投资。Introducing UMTS will complement the GSM network not replace it. WCDMA coverage will probably only be needed in urban areas, with standard GSM providing service in rural areas. UMTS将完善GSM网络，尔不是替换。WCDMA的覆盖仅是在室内的地区，乡下的地区提供标准的GSM业务。Nokia sees the possibility of a phased introduction of UMTS. Firstly, the WCDMA BSS can be connected to the GSM MSC for circuit switched calls and the GPRS IP backbone network for packet switched services. Then later, the ATM based core network of UMTS can be added.NOKIA 看到了UNTS的可能。首先，WCDMA BSS的语音可以接入GSM MSC，分组数据的传输可以接入GPRS IP 骨干网。然后基于UMTS的核心网的ATM被增加。4 Solution concept3 解决原则4.1 What is GPRS? Note: for a more detailed description of GPRS please refer to the Nokia document GPRS system description.3.1 什么是GPRSCircuit Switched vs. Packet Switched Connections电路交换和分组交换的连接Standard GSM uses Circuit Switched connections i.e. each time a connection is required between two points, a link between the two points is established and the resources used are reserved for the use of that single call for the complete duration of the call. 标准的GSM使用电路交换连接，在任何时间连接需要两点，一条链路建立在两点之间，直到呼叫完成资源被释放。Data networks, such as the Internet and LANs, use Packet Switched connections. With packet switching, the data to be transferred is divided up into packets, which are then sent through the network and re-assembled at the receiving end. GPRS brings packet switching to GSM.数据网络，如因特网和LANs，使用发作交换连接，数据被分成包传输，在网络上传输在接收端重组。GPRS将分组交换代入GSM。New Network Elements新的网络部分To support GPRS, new network elements are added to the standard GSM network (shown in the figure below). Circuit switched connections are made via the MSC, while packet switched connections are made via the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN).要支持GPRS，在标准的GSM网络上增加新的网络部分（如下图）。电路交换依靠MSC，分组交换连接依靠SGSN和GGSN。Figure 1Basic GPRS Network Structure图1 基本的GPRS网络结构What do the SGSN and GGSN do?SGSN和GGSN干什么？The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) has the following functions:SGSN完成下列功能： Protocol conversion between the IP backbone and the protocols used in the BSS and MS Authentication and Mobility Management Routing data to the relevant GGSN when connection to an external network is required. (All intra-network MS to MS connections must also be made via a GGSN) Collection of charging data and traffic statistics BSS 和MS协议到IP骨干网协议转换 鉴权和移动管理 连接到外部网络相关的GGSN的需路由（所有的网络内部的MS的连接依靠GGSN） 计费和流量统计信息的收集The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) acts as the interface between the GPRS network and external networks. From the external networks point of view, the GGSN is simply a router to a sub-network. When the GGSN receives data addressed to a specific user, it checks if the address is active. If it is, the GGSN forwards the data to the SGSN serving the mobile: if the address is inactive the data is discarded. The GGSN also routes mobile originated packets to the correct external network. GGSN扮演GPRS网络和外部网络之间的接口。对于外部网络来讲，GGSN之是一个子网的路由器。当GGSN接收到一个特别用户的数据时，如果这个地址是激活的，GGSN把数据传给SGSN服务的MS。如果地址是非激活的，数据被抛弃。GGSN也寻址发作到正确的外部网络。Figure 2The GPRS network as seen by another data network图2 从外部看GPRS网络How does a terminal connect to the GPRS network?终端怎么连接到GPRS网络上？The connection between a GPRS terminal and the network has two parts:GPRS终端连接到网络上有两个部分：1. Connection to the GSM network (GPRS Attach)连接到GSM网络（GPRS Attach）When the GPRS terminal is switched on, it sends an attach message to the network. The SGSN collects the user data from the HLR and authenticates the user before attaching the terminal.当GPRS终端开机时，发送attach到网络，SGSN收集HLR的信息并鉴权用户在接入前。2. Connection to the IP network (PDP context)2 连接到IP网络（PDP context）Once the GPRS terminal is attached, it can request an IP address (e.g. 5) from the network. This address is used to route data to the terminal. There are two different types of IP address that can be allocated to a user:一旦GPRS终端附着，他可以要求一个IP地址从网络。此地址用于寻址到终端的数据。两种不同的地址可以分配。 Static IP address the user always has the same IP address Dynamic IP address the network allocates the user a different IP address for each connection 静态地址和动态的地址。What are the other new elements in a GPRS network?GPRS网络中其他新的部分Domain Name Servers. These are standard IP devices that convert IP names into IP addresses e.g. DNS，标准的IP设备，用于将IP名转换成IP地址。Firewalls. These protect the IP network against external attack (e.g from hackers). For example, in the case of GPRS, the firewall might reject all packets that are not part of a GPRS subscriber initiated connection.防火墙：保护IP网络不受外部的攻击（如来自黑客）。如对GPRS来讲，防火墙拒绝来自非GPRS用户的连接。Border Gateway. This is a router that can provide a direct GPRS tunnel between different operators GPRS networks via an inter-PLMN data network (rather than transferring data between operators via the public Internet).BG；提供GPRS隧道将不同运营商PLMN数据网络连接（胜于依靠外部的公共互联网连接）Charging Gateway. GPRS charging data is collected by all the SGSNs and GGSNs in the network. The Charging Gateway collects all this data together, processes it and passes it to the Billing System.CG：收集所有SGSN的计费信息。将收集到信息预合并并传递到BS。Point-to-Multipoint service centre. This may be required to support some GPRS phase 2 point-to-multipoint functions. However, there may be alternative ways to implement these functions e.g. via IP multicast.PTM业务中心：可以支持GPRS phase 2 ptm业务。是可选方法实现此功能方法之一，另一为依靠IP多点传送。 Figure 3Nokia GPRS Structure图3 NOKIA GPRS 结构4.2 GPRS Growth Steps3.2 GPRS发展阶段The figure below shows the growth steps in a GPRS network and how Nokias GPRS solution will address these changing needs:下图表明GPRS网络