高中英语高考阅读理解主旨归纳题课件（全市优质课）人教版.ppt

welcometoourclass dirac readingcomprehension 1 细节理解题 questionsofdetails 2 词义猜测题 wordsincontext 3 推理判断题 questionsofinference 4 主旨归纳题 mainidea howtogetthemainidea 主旨归纳题 questionforms twotypes mainidea topic title 主旨大意题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括 判断 归纳 推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力 多就文章的主要内容 主题或标题进行设问 常见的题干形式如下 大意类 themainideaofthepassageis whatisthepassagemainlyabout 标题类 what sthebesttitle headlineforthepassage thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe 作者意图类 what sthewriter spurposeinwritingthepassage theauthor spurpose istoshow characteristicsofthiskindofquestions 1 该主题是作者的观点 不是他人的观点 不是描写 说明 也不一定是事实 2 一个段落或一篇文章一般主题只能有一个 其他的内容都起说明 论证作用 段落中其它的句子或文章的其它段落是用来解释 支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想 3 主旨句一般是下定义 做一个判断 或陈述一个观点 干扰项的陷阱 1 以偏概全 干扰项故意片面地理解文章 把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题 2 放大或缩小文章的主题 把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小 3 偷换概念 文章讲的主题被换成相关但不同的主题 解题方法techniques 1 正向法 速读文章 找主题句或自己概括主题 从选项中找出最符合的 2 逆向法 假设题目中的选项为标题 其写法是否与所给文章一致 3 统计法 有些段落文章有多个句子段落 各句段主题可能完全不同 此时应选择涉及最多的选项 let spracticehowtogetthemainideaofaparagraph 1smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourexperimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease illness cancer cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems forexample itcangiveonea smoker scough finally studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller cancer smokingisharmful isitworthit 1 5分钟 smokingcancausecancer smokingisaterriblekillersmokingisharmfultoourhealth anexperimentonsmoking smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth practice 2oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent ontheotherhand nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi onalcriminal andthemanwhoknows everything mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness so itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance 1分钟 whatisthemainideaofthepassage aprofessionalcriminallooksmoreinnocentthanothers don tjudgeothersbyappearance so itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance 3ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention colortv only 79 twodayssale hu rry however whenyougotothestorereadytobuy youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel amuchbettersetwhichis justrightforyou itcosts 395 thissalesmethodiscalled baitandswitch buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone 2 5分钟 theparagraphcouldbeentitled a buyingatvsetb asellingmethodc buyerbewared tvonsale thissalesmethodiscalled baitandswitch detail detail detail 诱售法 4tomstudiedfouryearsattheuniversityofparisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation hetransferredtotheuniversityofberlinandgraduatedwithhonors harvardlawschooland later bostoncollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground heispresentlyacorporationlawyerinmiami florida 2分钟 themainideaofthisparagraphisthat a tom whohadstudiedatparisuniversitiesforfouryears movedtoanotheruniversity b tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromharvardlawschoolandlaterfrombostoncollege c tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatberlinuniversity d tomreceivedanexcellenteducation detail detail detail 5acoupleofyearsagoitookthefamilyonawintervacationtonewyorkcitytoexperiencetheholidayatmosphere thelongestlinesthatweekweren tinthehalloftheempirestatebuilding atthestatueoflibertyferryoranyofnewyork sotherlandmarks butinthesquareatfifthavenueand58street wherethecrowdtogetintofaoschwarz atoystore snakedaroundtheblock theauthorwantstotellus inthispara a thedistributionofpeople b thepoortrafficconditions c thepopularityofatoystored theniceholidayatmosphere typesofparagraphstructures atthebeginning attheend inthemiddle nocleartopicsentence forexample so therefore howtogetthemainideaofapassage details paragraphideas passageidea 6 magellan smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship magellanwasfromportugal buthesailedforthekingofspain onseptember20 1519 heleftspainwithfiveshipsand240men afterpassingthetripofsouthamerica theyreachedthepacificocean onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust finallyinapril1521 magellangottothephilippineislands wherehewaskilled hismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheindianocean itwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedthecapeofgoodhope bythetimetheyreturnedtospainondecember21 1521 sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied magellan svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball 4分钟 whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage a magellan sdeathb goingaroundtheworldc theworldisroundd magellan svoyage magellan smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship magellan svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld magellanwasfromportugal buthesailedforthekingofspain onseptember20 1519 heleftspainwithfiveshipsand240men afterpassingthetipofsouthamerica theyreachedthepacificocean onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust finallyinapril1521 magellangottothephilippineislands wherehewaskilled hismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheindianocean itwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedthecapeofgoodhope bythetimetheyreturnedtospainondecember21 1521 sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied theprocessofmagellan slongdifficultvoyage magellan svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball magellan svoyageprovedtheearthisround magellan smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship magellanwasfromportugal buthesailedforthekingofspain onseptember20 1519 heleftspainwithfiveshipsand240men afterpassingthetipofsouthamerica theyreachedthepacificocean onwhichtheysailedmorethanoneyear veryoftentheycouldnotseeapieceoflandformonthsandtheysufferedgreatlyfromthelackoffoodandfreshwater manyofthemdiedofhungeranddiseases theyevenhadtoliveonsawdust finallyinapril1521 magellangottothephilippineislands wherehewaskilled hismenfledandcontinuedtheirvoyageacrosstheindianocean itwaswiththegreatestdifficultythattheypassedthecapeofgoedhope bythetimetheyreturnedtospainondecember21 1521 sevenoutofeveryeightmenhaddied magellan svoyageprovedthatmencouldsailaroundtheworldandthatourearthisbutahugeball paragraph1 magellan svoyagewasthefirsttriparoundtheworld paragraph2 theprocessofmagellan slongdifficultvoyage paragraph3 magellan svoyagedprovedtheearthisround magellan svoyage 6magellan smenwerethefirsttomakethetriparoundtheworld ittookthemmorethantwoyearstodosobyship magellanwasfromportugal buthesailedforthekingofspain onseptember20 1519 heleftspainwithfiveshipsand240men afterpassingthetripofsouthamerica theyreachedthepaci