职称英语理工类2014A.doc

2014理工A第一部分：词汇选项 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。 1.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation . A. furnish B. copy C. publish D. summarize 2.The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later . A. appeared B. eased C. improved D. relieved 3.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day . A. homework B. justice C. act D. model 4.The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated . A. invented B. reproduced C. designed D. reported 5.There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject . A. point B. tendency C. result D. finding 6.That uniform makes the guards look absurd . A. serious B. beautiful C. impressive D. ridiculous 7.This was disaster on a cosmic scale . A. modest B. commercial C. huge D. national 8.The group does not advocate the use of violence . A. limit B. regulate C. support D. oppose 9.Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes . A. motionless B. silent C. seated D. true 10. A persons wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness . A. opposite B. equal C. certain D. large 11. The country was torn apart by strife . A. poverty B. conflict C. war D. economy 12. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity . A. amazing B. depressing C. dull D. predictable 13. His professional career spanned 16 years . A. started B. changed C. moved D. lasted 14. The department deferred the decision for six months . A. arrived at B. abided by C. put of D. protested against 15. His stomach felt hollow with fear . A. sincere B. respectful C. terrible D. empty 第二部分：阅读判断 下面的短文列出了7个句子 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C. Experience the World in 3D Game Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees the world?Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.The online simulation,created by the French 3D design company Dassault Systmes,with the guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist(眼科专家)Didier Schmidt-Morand,mimics(模仿)the vision of five animals cats dogs,rats,hawks and bees as a player steers them through Place Vend？me in Paris.Due to differences in field of view,colour perception and night vision,for example,sight can be drastically different from species to species.In terms of performance,eyes are as variable as different models of cars,says Schmidt- Morand.The game was created by using existing virtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions of each animals vision. Dassaults 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours ,angle of vision and depth of field.Although it was easy to recreate vision inferior to that of humanscats and dogs,for example,have trouble distinguishing shades of red replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours,whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view.We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous（令人作呕的),says Schmidt-Morand.So we tweaked（微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality.”The rats view also departs from reality： because they are near-sighted,everything more than 15 centimetres away is a blur,so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate.A rat would never throw itself into the middle of an open area，says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map in the top right corner to help determine the rats position： because of their limited eyesight,most landmarks are obscured.The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos,the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals.16.The game developed by Dassault Systemes is the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17.Dassaults 3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of vision into account . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18.The animalsviews in the software are the same as those in reality . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19.Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20.It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rats view because theyre near-sighted . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21.The team is working on recreating the vision of more animals . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22.Schmidt-Morands favorite animal is cat . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试，任务：（1）1-4题 要求从所给的4个选项中为段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5-8题 要求从所给的5个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 Climate Change： The Long Reach 1 Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. Theres more carbon in the air and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge（评估） Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time. 2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide，a colorless gas. In the air，this gas traps heat at Earths surface. And the more carbon dioxide released，the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow，the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of yearsand be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper. 3 Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so. During that time，changes in the planets environment could nudge（推动）global warming even higher. For example：Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt，sunlight can now reachand warmthe exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more，causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a fast feedback. 4 Zeebe says its important to look at fast feedbacks. However he adds，theyre limited. From a climate change perspective，“This century is the most important time for the next few generations，”he told Science Nwes. “But the world is not ending in 2100.”For his new study，Zeebe now focuses on“slow feedbacks.”While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries， slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and migration of plant lifeas they relocate to more comfortable areasare two examples of slow feedbacks. 5 Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius（8.1 degree Fahrenheit）change by the year 3000.But slow feedbacks added another1.5for a 6total increase， Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedbacks events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn. 23. Paragraph 2 _ 24. Paragraph 3 _ 25. Paragraph 4 _ 26. Paragraph 5 _ A. Impact of burning fossil fuels B. Slow feedbacks C.A prediction of future climate change D. Fast feedbacks E. Rising of sea levels F. Unpredictability of feedback processes 27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in _. 28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach _. 29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _. 30. After fossil fuels are used up， global warming will continue for _. A. a very long time B. recorded history C. rapid exaggeration of impacts D. the extra heat E. the exposed ground F. previously published studies第四部分：阅读理解 短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance Bored of using a mouse？ Soon youll be able to change stuff on your computer screen and then move it directly onto your smartphone or tablet（平板电脑） with nothing more than a glance. A system called Eye Drop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object a photo， say and then pressing a key， selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just by glancing at the second device， as long as the two are connected wirelessly. “The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire，” says Jayson Turner， who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University， UK. Turner believes Eye Drop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smartphone or for sharing photos. A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the “Midas touch”（点石成金） effect， whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze， says Turner. “Imagine if your mouse clicked on everything it pointed at，” he says. Christian Holz， a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale， California， says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. “Eye Drop solves this in a slick （灵巧的）way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism，” he says. “This now allows users to seamlessly（无缝地） interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner.” While current eye-trackers are rather bulky， mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future. Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden， last week. 31. The eye-tracker technology enables us to_ A. change our computer screen. B. move an object from screen with a glance. C. focus on anything that interests us. D. get a smartphone connected wirelessly. 32. Why is a button needed？ A. To minimize the cost of Eye Drop. B. To choose as many objects as possible. C. To make Eye Drop different from others. D. To select what we want. 33. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_ A. application of gaze-tracking in human-computer interaction. B. interaction between human and computer. C. generalization of Eye Drop system. D. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices. 34. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer use. A. They are costly. B. They are expected to come out soon. C. They are available. D. They are installed in Google Glass headset. 35. What is Turner likely to study next？ A. How to present the system in public. B. How to get touchscreen involved. C. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps. D. How to cut and paste content from a public display. 第二篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer Post-menopausal（绝经后）women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly， a study has suggested. The report， which followed 73，000 women for 17 years， found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk. A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week， but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study， published in Cancer Epidemiology， Biomarkers &Prevention， followed 73.615 women out of 97，785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between 1992 and 1993，so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group. They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking， swimming and aerobics（有氧运动）and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009. Of the women，47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week. Dr. Alpa Patel， a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta， Georgia， who led the study， said：“Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking， promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity， just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.”“More strenuous（紧张的）and longer activities lowered the risk even more.” Baroness Delyth Morgan， chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign， said：“This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.” She added：“We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.” 36. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT_ A. regular walking B. breathing exercise C. recreational activity D. lifestyle choices 37. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patels study that_. A. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer B. women have fewer chances of physical activity C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer 38. Dr. Alpa Patel was_. A. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology. B. head of the survey study. C. chair of the American Cancer Society. D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign. 39. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity. B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects. C. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women D. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women. 40. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. affordable B. available C. continuable D. persistent 第三篇 The Northern Lights The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Suns gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check！ Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma， and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun， the stronger the solar wind. The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth， but dont worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earths magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earths atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth， they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere， creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky， they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights. Watching auroras（北极光） is fun and exciting， but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate（跳动）， flicker（闪烁）， or even move like waves. During solar maximum， 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida， even Mexico！ Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground， but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground， a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long， a few hundred kilometers high， but only a few hundred meters thick. We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it！ 41. The solar wind comes into being as a result of_ A.