过去分词短语-作状语.doc

过去分词短语作状语 非谓语动词是英语语言所特有的语言现象。其中在学习分词的过程中应该明确，在大多数情况下分词只是从句的一种省略形式，目的在于使语言更为简练，尤其在书面语中。所以无论是现在分词、还是过去分词都与从句的主动、被动、时态有着密切的关系。过去分词短语在句中作状语可表示原因、时间、让步、条件、方式或伴随等。例如：1.Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）2. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）3.Seen from the top of the castle, the park looks very beautiful. （表示条件）从城堡顶端看，公园十分美丽4.Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to entered the cave.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险进山洞。（表示让步）5.Filled with hopes and fears, he dived deep into the ocean.（表示伴随） 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他跳进了深海里。在使用过去分词作状语时, 为了体现上下两部分(句子层面)的逻辑关系, 句子中常出现过去分词和连词的连带使用,比如例2和例4那样的结构. 通过众多例句分析, 我们发现过去分词作状语以下几种情形：一、 句子的主语与作状语用的过去分词之间在逻辑上是被动的关系例：_ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm .（2004，辽宁）AAttracting BAttracted C. To be attracted DHaving attracted分析：答案为B。句子的主语与作状语用的过去分词之间在逻辑上是被动的关系。可以把状语部分转换为: （As the girl was ）attracted by the beauty of the nature, attracted 表示被动意义“被迷住，被吸引”。If they are applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor. =If applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor. 如果将这些机器用于农业，就可以省去农民很多劳动。注：连词if，通常保留。二、由一些含be动词的短语或系表结构转换来的。这时，句子的主语与作状语用的过去分词之间在逻辑上并没有被动的关系。学过的能够用于这种结构的常见短语有: be interested in ，be disappointed at/in/with， be pleased with，be astonished shocked at，be embarrassed about, be confused puzzled aboutbe frightened terrified of，be scared horrified of，be experienced at be engaged in，be occupied with，be involved in，be addicted to，be accustomed to，be adaptedadjusted to，be used to be related tobe connected to withbe linked tobe associated with be concerned with，be stuckcaught(up)trapped in be covered withbe filled withbe surrounded withby，be faced (up)with be equipped with， be determined to do sthbe devoted committed to be armed with be furnished withbe seated inbe dressed (up) inbe concerned about be based onbe buried in，be bent on，be focused on ，be concentrated on，be prepared with ，be satisfied withbe upset aboutbe well-known asfortobe designed for be meantintended forbe convinced ofbe sentenced tobe amazed surprised atbe disappointed withbe lost in be located in be charged withbe absorbed in be attached tobe ashamed of be mistaken aboutbe compared with 例：_ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（2005，湖南） A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 分析：答案为A。可以把状语部分转换为：When ( he was ) dressed in a white uniform,作状语的过去分词dressed来自于“be dressed in” 这个短语。be dressed in 表穿着的状态，如：She is dressed in a blue skirt. 句子的主语he与作状语用的过去分词dressed之间在逻辑上并没有被动的关系。例：_ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police（2005，江苏）A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing分析：答案为B。可以把状语部分转换为: (After the two students were) lost in the mountains for a week,. 作状语的过去分词lost来自于“be lost in”迷路，迷失。如：He was lost in the forest. 句子的主语the two students 与作状语用的过去分词lost之间在逻辑上并没有被动的关系。三、分词短语由“while/when/unless/if/once /though/although+ 过去分词”构成。它们都可以转换成由“while/when/unless/if/once /though/although + 主语 + 谓语 + 过去分词”结构，这样，整个句子就变成了状语从句。句子的主语与作状语用的过去分词之间在逻辑上是被动的关系。近年来高考题单项填空题中多次考查了这种用法，值得我们复习时注意。例：The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it. (2002,广东) A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun分析：答案为D。可以把此句转换为状语从句：The research is so designed that once (it is )begun nothing can be done to change it.例：Unless_ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003,上海春招) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited分析：答案为A。可以把状语部分转换为：Unless (you are) invited to speak,例：Generally speaking, _ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. (2003上海) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken分析：答案为B。同样可以把状语部分转换为：when (the drug is )taken according to directions,你能给出下边高考题的正确答案并说明理由吗？1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned2. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.(2004,全国II)A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced3.When _ help, one often says“Thank you.”or“Its kind of you.”（2005，福建）Aoffering Bto offer Cto be offered D. offered4. When_, the museum will he open to the public next year. (2002,上海春招)A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed答案：1. C (= when a lie is questioned) 2. B (=When these products were introduced) 3. D (=When one is offered to help) 4. A (=When the museum is completed)四：分词短语中的动词的动作发出者不是后面句子的主语发出的，其逻辑主语同句子的主语也不一致， “主语+过去分词短语” 即独立主格结构。 作状语用的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，如以上所举的各例。但英语中有一种语法现象，那就是当分词有它自己的独立主语（不同于句子主语的名词或代词）时，则是一种独立主格结构形式，在句中作状语等。The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。（分词短语中的逻辑主语the test与句子中的主语 we不一致，分词短语中的动词finished的动作发出者也不是后面句子的主语we发出的）The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.= After the meeting was gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。（分词短语中的逻辑主语the meeting与句子中的主语 everyone不一致,分词短语中的动词gone over的动作发出者也不是后面句子的主语everyone发出的）All things considered, I think we ought to take the adventure.= If all things are considered, I think we ought to take the adventure.如果周到地考虑，我们应该去冒险。（分词短语中的逻辑主语all things与句子中的主语 I不一致, 分词短语中的动词considered的动作发出者也不是后面句子的主语I发出的）过去分词作状语应注意的几个问题：1过去分词作状语，说白了，就是英语中各种状语从句或并列句的省略。其前提条件是主从句的主语必须保持一致。所以要做到熟练的相互转化，并应用到写作当中去。Taught by the two gentlemen, Eliza made great progress. = As Elisa was taught by the two gentlemen, she made great progress. (When) asked about it, she said she knew nothing. 当问起她这件事时，她说她不知道。=When she was asked about it, she said she knew nothing.Once educated to speak properly, she could pass herself off in three months as a duchess.= Once that girl was educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess. 2. 注意过去分词形式的独