高中英语语法复习 第二讲 语态讲练.doc

二 语态语法精讲 1. 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语（vi. vt.）的形式叫主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语(vt.)用被动语态。被动语态的结构：1）一般现在时：you are required to do this.2）一般过去时：the story was told by her.3）一般将来时：the problem will be discussed tomorrow.4）现在进行时：the road is being widened.5）过去进行时：the new tool was being made.6）过去完成时：he said that work had been finished.7）现在完成时：the novel has been read.2.一些特殊的被动结构：1）情态动词的被动结构：the problem must be solved soon.2）带非谓语的被动结构：the room is going to be painted. i hate being made fun of. 3）短语动词的被动结构：（不及物）动词+介词：agree to, ask for, call for, laugh at, listen to, look after, operate on, send for, talk about, think of. etc.（及物）动词+副词：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, point out, put away, turn down, work out, etc.动词+副词/名词+介词：do away with, face up to, give in to, look down upon, make up for, put up with , take care of, catch sight of, take notice of, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire/light to, take hold of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of，etc.the baby is looked after carefully. close attention must be paid to it.they will be taken (good) care of. good care will be taken of them.4） 复合宾语的被动结构：tom was found ill/lying in bed/injured/ of great value/outside.（宾补变为主补）5） “get done”结构通常表示动作的结果未曾料到的事态“最后终于”出现的某种事态： get burnt, get paid, get dressed, get married, get injured, get wounded, get robbed, get frightened, get excited, get interested, etc.3系表结构与被动结构的区别：the glass is broken now. the book is well written. (状态。无动作执行时间或执行者)the glass was broken by tom just now.（动作。 有动作时间或执行者）the homework remains untouched/undone. 4主动形式表示被动意义： 1）某些动词作谓语：sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut, etc. the books sell well. the machine runs well. your poem reads well. this coat wears long. the cloth washes easily. the pen writes smoothly.2）表示状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。good medicine tastes bitter. what you said proved to be correct.3）动词want, need, require 等当“需要”讲时：the patient needs operating on/to be operated on without delay.4）be worth doing=be worthy to be done= be worthy of being donethe place is worth a second visit.= the place is worth visiting again.5）不定式的主动形式表被动意义：句中不定式的逻辑主语是句中的主语或宾语时：i have a lot of work to do. ill give him something to read.“主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构中，不定式与主语构成动宾关系：his telephone number is easy to remember. the man is difficult to deal with.在“there + be +名词+不定式”结构中，不定式用主动或被动皆可；在“this/that + be + 名词 +不定式”中，不定式用主动：there are many questions to discuss(to be discussed).this/that is a hard question to answer. that is a nice place to visit.不定式to let, to blame, to seek等，常用主动：nobody was to blame for the accident. the car is to let. 5汉语主动，英语被动形式：it is said that(= people say that)据说；it is hoped that(=people hope that)希望；it is supposed that根据推测说；it must be admitted that必须承认；it must be pointed out that必须指出；it is well known that众所周知；it will be said that有人会说；it will generally be considered that大家认为；it is believed that有人相信 6主动句不能变为被动句的情况：1） 谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit, lack等。2） 谓语是不可拆开的短语动词take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of等。3） 宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词、从句等。语法精练：1- how are you today? -oh, i _ as ill as i do now for a very long time. a. didnt feel b. wasnt feeling c. dont feel d. havent felt2. id like to go to the cinema with you, dad? sorry, my darling, but the film _ for adults only. a. intends b. is intended c. is being intended d. is intending 3. you havent said a word about my new coat, brenda. do you like it? - im sorry i _anything abut it sooner. i certainly think its a pretty on you. a. wasnt saying b. dont say c. wont say d. didnt say4. the ants were busy carrying earth in their mouths to get the entrance to their nest _.a. being stopped up b. stopped up c. to be stopped d. stopping up5. alice, why didnt you come yesterday? i _, but i had an unexpected visitor. a. has b. would c. was going to d. did6. -are you going to the meeting? -no. the meeting _ until next monday. a. will be put off b. is being put off c. has been put off d. has put off 7. the teacher told the children that water _ at 100 degrees centigrade. a. boils b. boiled c. was boiling d. is boiling8. the water will be further polluted unless some measures _. a. will be taken b. are taken c. were taken d. have taken 9. he _ to get me a taxi, but i _ the bus down to oxford street.a. offered; has taken b. had offered; was taking c. has offered; took d. would offer; took10. people often want to know what my job is. often i _ that question. a. ask b. am asking c. get asked d. get asking 11. the workers _ the car busily when mrs. brown went to get a tool he _there. a. were repairing; had left b. were repairing; left c. has repaired; had left d. had repaired; left12. all the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start. a. completed b. complete c. had been completed d. have been completed 13. - shall i send this report to the manager? -yes, please. and i _ fly to london next tuesday.a. got to b. get to c. will get to d. have got to14. shirley _ a book about china last year but i dont know whether she has finished it. a. has written b. was writing c. had written d. wrote15. visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. a. will request b. request c. are requesting d. are requested16. - why dont you ride your bike? -i _ it every day this week. im tired of riding now. a. rode b. have ridden c. have been ridding d. do ride17. it _ more than 100 years before the whole area _ to look as it did. a. will be; begins b. is; begins c. is; began d. was; begins18. - we have sent out two best players to the sports meet. what about you? - well, not yet. we have few _, id say. a. to choose b. to choose from c. chosen d. to be chosen19. the box of coins was said _ by a chinese in the late 19th century. a. to be buried b. to have been buried c. being buried d. to bury20. we _ to see her, but found she was out. a. wanted b. had wanted c. would want d. was wanting21. do you like the material? yes, it _ very soft. a. is feeling b. felt c. feels d. is felt22. i would rather