高中英语：unit4 grammar课件新人教版必修2.ppt

thepassivevoice被动语态 thepassivevoice被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式 用来表明主语与谓语之间的关系 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 主动句 workersbuiltabridge 主谓宾被动句 abridgewasbuiltbyworkers 主谓宾 1 heworked 2 tomisveryclever 3 everybodylikestheboy 4 mumgivesmeabook 5 weshouldkeepourclassroomclean theformofthepassivevoicebe p p 动词过去分词 助动词be有人称 数和时态的变化 其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样 被动语态共8种主要时态 1 一般现在时am is are p p alotofbooksarekeptinourschoollibrary 我们学校图书馆有许多藏书 radioisusedineverydaylife 收音机用于日常生活 表示经常性 习惯性的动作或陈述现在的事实 汉译英 1 很多故事被收集在这本书里 2 手机用于日常生活 3 教室总是保持的很干净 2 一般过去时was were p p athiefwascaughtlastnight 一个小偷昨晚被抓了 thepeople srepublicofchinawasfoundedonoctober1st 1949 中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日 3 一般将来时will shall begoingto be p p thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextfriday 运动会下周五举行 losttimewillneverbefoundagain 失去的时间不会再来 1 anewfilm show nextweek 2 thesportsmeeting begoingto hold soon 3 thisbuilding design bymrsmith 4 thewindow break bytwoboysyesterday 5 letters alwayskeep inthedrawer willbeshown isgoingtobeheld isdesigned wasbroken arealwayskept 4 现在完成时have hasbeen p p mybaghasbeenstolen 我的包被偷了 manystampshavebeencollectedbymesincelastyear 从去年开始我收集了许多邮票 5 过去完成时hadbeen p p shesaidthisairporthadneverbeenused 她说这个机场没有使用过 6 现在进行时am is arebeing p p anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinthiscitynow 这个城市正在修建新的桥梁 thewatchisbeingrepaired 这块表正在修理 thedoorwasbeingpaintedatthattime 那时门还在油漆 theequipmentwasbeingexaminedatthistimeyesterday 昨天这个时间正在检查设备 7 过去进行时was werebeing p p theysaidtheworkwouldbefinishedthenextday 他们说这项工作明天就能完成 8 过去将来时would shouldbe p p englishcanbespokeneverywhere 到处都能说英语 9 情态动词may can might could mustetc be p p 6 现在进行时am is arebeing p p 7 过去进行时was werebeing p p 8 过去将来时would shouldbe p p 9 情态动词may might can could must haveto be p p 1 一般现在时am is are p p 2 一般过去时was were p p 3 一般将来时will shall begoingto bep p 4 现在完成时have hasbeen p p 5 过去完成时hadbeen p p 用被动语态时 如果同时指出动作的执行者时 用介词 by 动作执行者 宾格 这一结构 midnightwaswrittenbymaodun 子夜 是茅盾写的 thispicturecan tbedrawnbyhim 这张画不可能是他画的 被动语态顺口溜宾变主 主变宾 by短语后面跟 谓语动词变被动 be后 过分 来使用 情态动词变被动 情态加be加 过分 原来带to要紧跟 maodunwrotemidnight 主谓宾midnightwaswrittenbymaodun 主谓宾 theroomhastobecleanedrightnow 被动语态的用法 1 不知道动作的执行者时 用被动语态 hisbikehasbeenstolen 他的自行车让人偷走了 2 没必要指出动作的执行者 chinawasliberatedin1949 3 强调动作的承受者 theplanhasalreadybeenmade 计划已经制定好了 4 当动作的执行者不是人 而是无生命的事物时 e gthebridgewaswashedawaybytheflood 桥被洪水冲走了 manyaccidentswerecausedbycarelessdriving 许多事故都是开车不小心造成的 exercises rewritethesentencesinthepassivevoiceonpage30 e g agroupofcivilrightsactivistspaintedflowersonthecarsinthestreets flowerswerepaintedonthecarsinthestreetbyagroupofcivilrightsactivists 1 peopleweremakingspeechesinfrontofthecityhall 2 onespeakerreadastatementwhichsaidthattherulesareunfair speecheswerebeingmadeinfrontofthecityhall astatementwasreadbyonespeakerwhichsaidthattherulesareunfair 3 thepolicearrestedmorethan100demonstrators 4 thepoliceputthecivilrightsactivistsintoprison 5 thepeopleofthecitywillneverforgetthisday morethan100demonstratorswerearrestedbythepolice thecivilrightsactivistswereputintoprisonbythepolice thisdaywillneverbeforgottenbythepeopleofthecity 1 ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection a hadcompletedb completesc hascompletedd iscompleted d exercises 2 haveyoumovedintothenewhouse notyet therooms a arebeingpaintedb arepaintingc arepaintedd arebeingpainting a 3 ifcitynoises fromincreasing people shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow a arenotkept willhavetob arenotkept havetoc donotkeep willhavetod donotkeep haveto a 4 thesportsmeetmightbeputoff yes italldependsontheweather a i vebeentoldb i vetoldc i mtoldd itold a 5 themathsproblem amongthestudentssoon a isabouttobediscussb isgoingtobediscussedc istodiscussd isgoingtohavebeendiscussed b 6 harry you onthephone oh thankyou a arewanted icomeb arewanted i mcomingc arebeingwanted icomed arebeingwanted i mcoming b 8 mysisterwantstoworkinapowerplantwhich still a is beingbuiltb is buildingc is tobebuiltd has beenbuilt a 使用被动语态应注意的事项 1 及物动词能构成被动语态 不及物动词则不能 englishisspokenineverycountryintheworld vt 英语在世界各国都有人使用 childrensleepsoundly 小孩睡得香 vi thepatientwastakentohospitalinanambulance 病人是用救护车送往医院的 vt thelittlegirlgoestoschooleveryday 那个小女孩每天上学 vi 但是 某些不及物动词与介词或副词构成不可分割的短语时 可用被动语态 thespeakerwaslistenedtocarefully 人们聆听发言人的讲话 thislessonmustbegoneoveragain 这课书必须再复习一遍 使用被动语态应注意的事项 1 及物动词能构成被动语态 不及物动词则不能 2 某些动词形式上是主动语态 但含有被动的意思 thisbooksellswell 这本书畅销 thiskindofclothwashesverywell 这种布耐洗 thepenwritesquitesmoothly 这支笔好使 thisfishtastesgood 这鱼味道不错 thisflowersmellsverysweet 这花 闻起来 很香 thisclothfeelssmoothandsoft 这料子 摸起来 光滑柔软 thiscardrivesfast 这辆小汽车开得快 thiscakeeatscrisp 这块饼吃起来很脆 englishiseasytolearn 英语学起来很容易 decidewhetherthefollowingsentencesarecorrect 1 schoolisbegunat8o clock 2 thebookissoldwell 3 hewantedtobepaidimmediately 4 thecariseasytobedriven 5 theshirtisfeltsoft f begins f sells f f t drive feels 3 把主动语态变为被动语态时 句中谓语动词变为被动语态 及物动词的宾语变为主语 某些动词 如 give send pay tell lend offer show throw hand bring buy get make leave等 有时带两个宾语 有形成两种结构的可能 例如 someonegavemeabook 有人给我一本书 变为被动语态时可能是 iwasgivenabook bysomeone 比较常用 abookwasgiventome bysomeone 4 成语动词变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词 如 hewasoftenmadefunofbyhisclassmates 班上同学经常开他的玩笑 thismustbepaidattentionto 这一点应当注意 lotsofnewwordshavetobelookedup 许多生词需要查 5 带有不定式的一般被动语态是 tobe 过去分词 如 anewhotelisgoingt