专业英语考试范围.doc

第一章 Development of nonwovens industryFiber 纤维 Staple 短纤维 Filament 长丝 Yarn 纱线 Web 纤网 Fibrous 纤维状的Bond 加固 Dry-laid干法 Wet-laid湿法 Polymer-laid 聚合物成网第二章 Raw materialsSynthetic fiber 合成纤维 Hydrophilic 亲水性的Hydrophobic 疏水性的 Thermoplastic 热塑性的Thermosetting 热固性的 Polymer 聚合物Polyester聚酯 Polypropylene聚丙烯 Polyethylene 聚乙烯Nylon 尼龙 Polyamide聚酰胺 Polyurethane聚氨酯Cellulose纤维素 Bicomponent fiber 双组分纤维 Strength 强力 Elongation伸长 Dimensional Stability尺寸稳定性 Moisture Regain回潮率Flammability阻燃性 Heat Resistance耐热性第三章Carding 梳理 Air laid/Air laying 气流成网 Lap 铺网 Anisotropic 各向异性的Randomize （使）杂乱Cover stock包覆产品 Interlining衬里第四章 Chapter 4 Wet-laid web formationWet-laid 湿法 Suspension 悬浮（液） Papermaking 造纸Screen 网帘 Concentration 浓度 Dewater 脱水Hydrogen bond 氢键 Aqueous 水的 Latex 胶乳第五章Polymer-laid/Spunlaid聚合物成网法/纺丝成网法Spunbond 纺粘 Meltblown 熔喷 Fibrillated film 膜裂Flashspinning/Flashspun 闪蒸法Die 模头 Perforated film 打孔膜Geosynthetic material 土工合成材料Screw extruder 螺杆挤出机 Stretch 牵伸Melt spinning 熔融纺丝 Composite 复合Chip 切片 Spinneret 喷丝头 Electrostatic spinning 静电纺丝第六章Needlepunching/Needlepunched针刺 Pre-needling/ Tacking预刺 Needle loom 针刺机Needle density 针刺密度 Needle depth 针刺深度Needle beam 针梁 Needle board 针板Bed plate 拖网板 Stripper plate 剥网板Shank 针柄 Taper 针腰 Blade 针叶 Barb 刺钩Spunlacing/ Spunlace 水刺 Hydroentangle水刺Jet 射流 Water jet 水针Injector 水刺头 Stitchbond缝编第七章Thermal bond 热粘合Binder 粘合剂 Calender bonding 热轧粘合 Through air bonding 热风粘合Ultrasonic bonding 超声波粘合第八章Chemical bond 化学粘合Adhesive 粘合剂Dip 浸渍 Nip 浸压Impregnate/Impregnation 浸渍 Saturation bonding 饱和浸渍粘合Spray bonding 喷洒粘合Print bonding 印花粘合Foam bonding 泡沫粘合 Surfactant 表面活性剂Water repellents 拒水整理剂 Fire retardants 阻燃剂第九章Weight/Basis weight 克重 Thickness 厚度Air permeability 透气性Filtration efficiency 过滤效率Tensile strength 拉伸强力 Tear strength 撕裂强力Bursting strength 顶破强力 Stiffness 硬度Coefficient of variation 变异系数 Porosity 孔隙率 Pore size 孔径 Pore size distribution 孔径分布Abrasion resistance 耐磨性1. Deifintion of nonwovens?A: A sheet, web or batt of natural and/or man-made fibers or filaments, excluding paper, that have not been converted into yarns, and that are bonded to each other by any of several means. 2. classification of nonwovens?A： Maufacture process: Dry-laid wet-laid polymer-laid Service life：durable（耐久型的） semi-disposable（半用即弃的） disposable（用即弃的）3. Basic properties of important fibers such as cotton wool pp petA:Cotton: 1.Cotton has low luster（光泽）（unless finishes have been added such as mercerization(丝光处理）.2.Cotton has a tenacity of 3.05.0 grams per denier.(强力为3.0-5.0克每旦尼尔)3.Its elastic recovery is 69 percent（弹性回复力） 4.Its moisture regain is 8.5 percent.（回潮率）5.It has relatively stable dimensional stability （尺寸稳定性）and does not stretch or shrink.（收缩）6.It burns readily and quickly, with a smell similar to burning paper, it leaves a small amount of gray ash.7.Cotton is highly resistant to alkalizes strong acid destroy cotton ,cotton is highly 8.resistant to most organic solvents.（耐强碱强酸和有机溶剂）9.cotton is damaged by fungi (真菌)such as mildew and by bacteria（细菌）。10.cotton fiber is composed of 95% of cellulose(纤维素)。Wool : 1.It is a protein fiber with 18 amino acids. 2. Wool fiber has extremely high absorbency(吸光度) and high moisture regain（回潮率）, it has soft hand（柔软的手感）, high thermal insulation (low thermal conductivity and low flammability, its elastic recovery excellent.（高保温（导热系数低）低易燃，其弹性回复很好）PET: 1.The fiber has a rod-like（棒状）shape with a smooth surface. The hand is crisp. Polyester is a medium-weight fiber with very good strength and abrasion resistance(耐磨性)。It can be washed and dry- cleaned. The fiber has excellent resiliency弹性纤维, and is the best wash-and-wear fiber. It also possesses good elasticity. Polyester is almost completely hydrophobic （疏水性）(0.4% moisture regain). It is difficult to get water and detergent （洗涤助剂）into the fiber to remove stains（清除油污）. Static and pilling are also major problems.（静电和起毛粒）PP: Nylon is a lightweight(轻量) fiber with excellent strength and abrasion resistance. It is only about 10% weaker when wet. It has very good elasticity and good resiliency（弹性跟回弹性）. The fiber has good drape（褶皱）. It can be washed or dry-cleaned. Nylon is a hydrophobic fiber (4.5% moisture regain). Static and pilling are problems. It has poor resistance to prolong and continuous exposure to sunlight, thus making this fiber unsatisfactory for use in draperies（窗帘）, curtains（帷帐） or outdoor furniture（室外家具）.4.the main web process of nonwovens?.A; web formation; web bonding ; web finishing.5.the main web formation methods and the most important characteristic of each.1).dry laid : carding () air-laid Benefits : Isotropic web properties Simple production Weight range Variable bulk Stiffness/softness easily controlled Diverse raw material blendsLimitations: Dependent of fabric uniformity Air flow irregularityFiber entanglement in air stream2) Wet Laid : Good uniformity Good opacity（不透明） Low lint（掉屑） (when well bonded) Dense web Small pores, low fluid capacity6.how many methods are there in dry-laid.A: There are two main methods of dry laid web formation:-Carding-Air laying7.Basic steps of carding?A: The basic steps of carding includes:- Begin with bales of fiber-Break bale apart (Fiber opening)-Blend fibers(纤维的混合)-Separate（分开） fibers through combing (Carding)-Lay fibers down and form web8.Basic mechanism of air-laying.A: Air stream carries fiber to conveyor and forms the web. Sweep（吹）the open fibers into a stream of air, and then condenses the fiber on a slowly moved screen or perforated drum.9 .Difference between wet-laid nonwovens and paper?A: Wet Laid vs. Papermaking Wet laid is similar to papermaking Papermaking uses pulp(纸浆) Wet laid uses longer fiber, perhaps blended with wood pulp if mostly wood pulp, we call it paper Wet laid nonwovens are softer, stronger and more drapeable and washable。10. main methods of polymer-laid.A: The two main polymer-laid processes are spun bond and melt blown.11.what kind of polymer chips can be used in spun-bond and which need drying?A: In general, high molecular weight（分子量） and broad molecular weight distribution（分子量分布） polymers such as PP, PET, Polyamide, etc. can be processed by spunbonding to produce uniform webs. And PE ， PP are almost completely hydrophobic. PA and PET must be dry before using.12. the most important advantages of melt-blown technology. A：1. This process is unique because it is used almost exclusively to produce microfibers rather than fibers the size of normal textile fibers.2. Makes a web with very fine pore-structure and large surface area.3. Melt blowing (MB) is a process for producing fibrous webs or articles directly from polymers or resins using high-velocity hot air or another appropriate force to attenuate the filaments.13. what is SMS ? the functions of M layer and S layer?A: SB/MB/SB (SMS) . “S” means spun bond and “M” means melt blown. The primary function of the “M” layer is to provide “barrier”（阻碍物） for the SMS fabric due to its high coverage(范围) and low pore sizes.（低，小的孔径） The primary function of the “S” layer is to provide “support” to the “M” layer so that the structure of the “M” fabric is “strengthened”, avoiding a possibility of early breaking mechanically when pressure is applied.14. the important web bonding technologies?A:chemical bonding ; mechanical bonding ; thermal bonding15.how to produce a needle-punched nonwovens?A: Needle-punched nonwovens are created by mechanically orienting and interlocking（缠绕） the fibers of a spun-bonded or carded web. This mechanical interlocking is achieved with thousands of barbed felting needles repeatedly passing into and out of the web. In needle-punching .barded needles are punched vertically through the web , hooking tufts of fibers through it and bonding it in the needle-punched areas .the needles enter and leave the web it is trapped between two plates called a bad plate and stripper plate .the web is pulled through the needle loom by draw rolls , sometimes needle looms with less closely spaced needles, called tackers , are used to give the web dimensional stability before it enters the main needle loom. 16.what is pre-needling?A: Initially, the web is pre-consolidated by a needle loom and a low needle board density of between 1000 and 3000 per linear meter is ordinary.The aim is to gently consolidate（巩固） the web and to introduce some fiber entanglement (纠缠)thereby decreasing web thickness（厚度） prior to full consolidation or finishing needling.17.what are needle depth and needle density?A:Needle depth is defined as the distance between the upper surface of the bed plate and the tip of the needle when needles penetrate the web down.Needle density: The punch density defines the number of needle penetrations per unit area. ( punches / cm2) D=N / (100*S)Where , Dneedle density (punches/cm2).N The number of needles per cm of needle board.S The advance of web per penetration (cm).18.The functions of bedplate and stripper plate.A: The bed plate and stripper plate: The web passes through two plates, a bed plate on the bottom and a stripper plate on the top. Corresponding holes are located in each plate and it is through these holes the needles pass in and out.The bed plate is the surface the fabric passes over which the web passes through the loom. The needles carry bundles of fiber through the bed plate holes. The stripper plate does what the name implies, it strips the fibers from the needle so the material can advance through the needle loom.19.What is spun-lacing?A:The spun-lace process is a nonwovens manufacturing system that employs jets of water to entangle fibers and thereby provide fabric integrity. Softness, drape, comfortability, and relatively high strength are the major characteristics that make spun-lace nonwoven unique among nonwovens.Spun-lacing uses high-speed jets of water to strike a web so that the fibers knot about one another. In addition to mechanical bonding, structural patterns, apertures（孔，缝隙）and complex three-dimensional effects are produced if required by the selection of appropriate support surfaces.20. What is thermal bonding and two technologies in thermal bonding.A: Bond fibers by: Applying heated air streamApplying heat & pressureResults in melted fibers which bondThermal bondin