不定式符号to的省略.doc

不定式符号to的省略1不定式作宾补省to:在英语中有的动词用不定式做宾补时需要省略不定式符号to。可以这样进行记忆如下动词：二感觉：feel；perceive二听：hear; listen to；三让：have ; let ; make have or let及少用被动五看：see; watch; notice; observe; look at。共12个。Whenever something is wrong with you, please dolet me know.I willhave the students writea passage about Internet.Onseeing the young child fallinto the lake, John sprang to his feet, and went to the rescue.Whoare you going tohave typethis letter for you?Whowould you ratherhave cleanthe room?It seemed so long before heheard the stone hitthe water.Modestyhelps one makeprogresswhile conceitmakes one lag behind.谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。He did notperceive anyone come in.他没有觉察到有人进来。如果上述动词用被动语态时，不定式符号to不能省略。Paul doesnt have to be madeto learn. He always works hard.The fat boy was made to takemore exercise to lose weight.He was angry to be madeto pay double the price for it.The thief was perceived to stealinto the house.有人看见小偷溜进那房子里去了。2. imagine, suppose, think等动词后用to be做宾补时，可以把to be省略。I suppose him a good man.He is supposed (to be) nice.我认为他是好人。他应该是个好人。I imagined you a big tall man.我原猜想您是个身材高大的人。He was thought an outstanding doctor.他被认为是一名杰出的医生。We consider him worthy of confidence.我们认为他是值得信任的。感官动词watch, find, feel等，若宾补是to be时，to不能省。Wediscover him to bean honest man.我们发现他是个诚实的人。Heswore the stone to bereal diamonds.他发誓说那个石头是珍宝石。Isuspect him to beill.我猜想他病了。We all felt the plan to be unwise.我们都感到这计划考虑欠周到。They find Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.他们发现中国人都很幸福和快乐。3主语部分有do,或do的其他形式（如：does, did, done）时，不定式作表语时可以省略不定式符号to。All I candoisgoat once.=What I want to do is go at once.=All I have todoisgoat once.=The only thing I can do is go at once.我能做的是马上走。What Im going todohim is (to)teachhim a lesson.我要做的就是给他一个教训。If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize.如果你错了，至少你应该道歉。All you do to make the soup is mix the powder with boiling water.做这种汤只要把粉同水掺和在一起就行了。4Why not do sth.?为什么不做呢？Why do sth.?Will you please do sth.?Why spend that much money?为什么要花这么多钱?Would you please tell me exactly where it is?请告诉我它的确切位置，好吗？Would you please not go swimming alone?请不要一个人去游泳好吗？A: What terrible weather! I simply cant get the car starting.B: Why not try filling the engine with some hot water?-I usually go there by train.-Why not try going by boat for a change?A: How do you like my new motorcar?B: It is very nice, but would you please not part it here?5had better do sth.最好做某事The matter had better be left as it is.最好不管这件事。Youd better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will be fined.6would rather do A than do B宁愿做A事而不愿做B事would sooner do sth. than do sth.He would rather die than surrender他宁死不屈。He would rather go to the cinema than watch TV at home.他宁愿去看电影也不愿在家看电视。He would rather be poor than get money by dishonest methods.他宁可受穷也不愿用不成是的手段获取金钱。He would sooner die than do such a thing.他宁死也不做此事。7may/might as well do sth.不妨做某事We may as well have a try and see if it can be done.我们不妨试一试，看看能否办成。The weather was so bad we might as well have stayed home.天气这样糟糕，我们还不如呆在家里呢。Now that youve got the chance, you might as well make full use of it.既然你已得到这个机会,你还是充分利用它为好.Ill come with you if you like; I might as well.如果你愿意，我就和你一起去，我无所谓。-Damn, the train is two hours late.-In that case, we might as well play cards to kill time.8介词but, except的前面有do的某种形式，后面的不定式省不定式符号to.Sandycould do nothing but admitto his mother that he was wrong. Sandy只有向他的母亲承认错误。There isnothing to do except waittill it stops snowing.Hedoesnt want to do anything except helpme.9. cant but do sth. “不能不、只能”cant help but do sth. “不由得不、不能不”cant choose but do sth.When your country calls you for help, youcant but go.当祖国要求你出力时，你必然会去。Wecannot but admirehis courage. = We can do nothing but admire his courage.我不得不佩服他的勇气。Icant help but feelsorry for her.我不得不为她感到遗憾。Wecouldnt choose but saygood-bye to her.我们不得不跟她说再见。Icould not but admitthat he was right and I was wrong.Icant help butwishthat nothing would go wrong.Im afraid your suggestion cant help improve the service of their shop.Peoplecannot but feel puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.人们不得不感到困惑，因为他们简直无法理解，他怎么会犯这样一个愚蠢的错误。can but只能，有时含“至多不过”。I can but hurry back.我只好匆忙往回赶。10. have nothing to do but (to) do sth.There is nothing to do but (to) do sth.You have nothing to do but wait.你除了等待，没有别的办法。He has nothing to do but obey the rules.他只好遵守规定。There was nothing to do but stay.我们只好留下来，没有别的办法。There was nothing to do but wait till he came back.11.连词and , or, than, rather than, sooner than等连接两个并列不定式时，第二个不定式的to可有可无。Rather than和sooner than置于句首时，其后不定式省to。Its easier to persuade people than (to) force them.说服人去做要比强迫人去做容易为人接受。Do you want to have lunch now or (to) wait till later?Rather than wait, I decided to go home by taxi.我决定乘出租车回家，而不愿意再等下去了。Sooner than sit by the fireside, hed prefer to take a long talk.他宁愿去远途散步，也不愿在炉旁闲坐没事干。I asked the students to read over this article carefully and ( to ) write down the important points or ( to )put forward questions if there are any.但是，当两个或多个带to的不定式并列使用时，若有对比关系或表示强调，不定式符号to不省略。如：He hasnt decided whether to go home or to stay at school during the vacation.12. let alone更不用说The baby cant even walk, let along run.这婴儿连走路都不会，更不用说跑了。They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.13.动词help后接不定式做宾补时，不定式符号to可以省略Will you please help me (to) translate this poem?请你帮忙把这首诗翻译出来好吗？She helped mother prepare for Christmas.她帮助母亲为过圣诞节做准备。14. believe it or not信不信由你He was already a university teacher, believe it