全国教育硕士英语(毛大威)学生用书参考.doc

全国在职教育硕士英语 学生用书 第二版Unit 2Unit 2 BusinessPrepare Yourself Do you know ?stock holder 股东 taxing authority 税务机关charitable organization 慈善机构 nonprofit firm 非盈利公司sales forecast 销售预测 economic forecast 经济预测How do you say it ?管理 management 协调 coordinate 运作operate人力资源 human resources 经费 funds 决策make decisions政府部门governmental agencies 金融机构financial institution Make up a sentenceHuman resources can achieve maximum productivity only when they have access to appropriate types of physical resources.只有当人力资源与物质资源的正确类型相匹配时，才能实现产出最大化.Good management is a vehicle for social progress.Text1 A Definition of Management Management is a complex process. Through management. managers coordinate the work of people with other resources. More formally, management is defined as the process of effectively and efficiently using an organizations resources to achieve objectives through the functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Successful management requires an understanding of how a firm operates. Managers must comprehend the individual components if a firms activities in order to complete their tasks properly. For example, a manager must understand how the companys products-goods or services are produced, financed, and distributed.管理工作是项复杂的过程，通过管理，管理者可以使人的工作与其他资源协调一致。说的正式点，管理工作就定义成一项有效性和高效性地利用公司资源，通过制定计划，组织管理，领导监督和控制运作等功能，更好地实现公司目标。成功的管理工作要求管理者必须对公司运作有深刻的理解，为了更好地完成任务，管理者必须综合平衡个人的胜任能力和公司的产销活动。打个比方说，管理者必须了解这个公司的产品（货物或服务）是怎样生产，注入资金，怎样分配和销售的。 Effectiveness and efficiency are particularly crucial aspects of management. Effectiveness means that the right things are done to provide a product of value. Efficiency indicates that resources are used wisely and are not wasted. A successful company is one that is both effective and efficient.高效性和有效性是管理工作尤为重要的两个方面，高效性意味着正确利用某物使之产值最大化， 有效性是指明智地利用某物，不能浪费，成功的公司同时具备有效的和高效的这两个属性。 An effective manager makes certain that employees work on tasks for which they are well trained and competent. An efficient manager constantly monitors how resources are used in order to minimize waste. The resources available to a manager are human, financial, physical, and informational. Managerial success is determined principally by the degree to which mangers coordinate these resources and then use them wisely to offer customers products they want. Achieving this type of success in todays complex and global business environment is challenging. In part ,mangers must show employees how to welcome and adapt to constant change while helping them make extraordinary contribution.高效的管理者要确保雇员努力工作，接受良好培训，能够胜任工作任务，高效管理者经常监督：怎样利用资源，使浪费最小化。对管理者来说，有效资源是指人力资源；财政资源，物质财产资源和信息资源，管理是否成功，主要取决于管理者如何协调这些资源，明智运用资源，为顾客们提供他们所想要的产品。在现今日益复杂化和全球化的商业环境中，要做到成功管理是非常有挑战性的，有时，管理者有必要向雇员讲明，如何接受和适应经常变换的环境，使他们做出突出贡献。 Human resources. The one critical resource in all organizations is human resources. Human resources are the people through whom and with whom managers work to achieve objectives The challenge to managers is to motivate each person to work as effectively and efficiently as possible. Mangers must also make sure that human resources have the resources they need to be productive.人力资源，它是所有公司中最为关键的一个资源，人力资源是指人们通过自身努力和管理者的管理工作达到相关目标。对管理者最大的挑战是激励每个人尽可能有效和高效地工作，管理者也必须确保每个人都具备他们进行生产所必备的其他资源。（也就是劳动者和劳动资料紧密结合） Financial resources. Financial resources are the monetary resources required to support a firms current and future activities .These resources are used to acquire and maintain the companys human, physical, and informational resources.资金资源：资金资源是支撑一个公司的当前和未来生产活动的财力资源，它常常被用来满足和维持公司的人力、物产和信息资源。 For profit companies acquire financial resources through investments made by stockholders, funds borrowed from banks and other financial institutions, and retained earnings. For governmental agencies, financial resources are provided by a local, state, and /or federal governments taxing authority. Donations serve as the source of financial resources for charitable organizations. churches, and other nonprofit firms.为了利润，公司要求财力资源来支持，这些财力资金由股东投资、银行贷款、其他金融机构或自己的所挣所得构成。对于政府主办的机构公司来说，资金来源主要由地方、州或者是联邦政府的税收机关提供。捐献是慈善机构、教堂和其它非营利机构的主要资金来源。 Physical resources. A third type of resources which mangers use to accomplish objectives is known as physical resources. These include raw materials, land, buildings, furniture and office equipment, computers, machinery(including robots), and physical inventories. Clearly, physical resources are important to a firms success. However, because a firm with adequate financial resources can buy the best physical equipment, educated human resources may be more important than physical resources.物产资源：管理者用于完成各种目标的第3个资源是物产资源，它包含原材料、土地、建筑物、家具和办公设施、计算机、机器（包括机器人）和各种货物库存。很明显，物产资源对一个公司的成功运作非常重要。当然，如果一个公司有足够的财力，可以购买最上乘的物品装备，雇用受过良好培训的人力资源，那要比物产资源更重要。 Informational resources. Informational resources are data that have been analyzed and converted into forms that help managers make effective decisions. To be useful, informational resources must be correct, timely, concise, and comprehensive. Examples of these resources include budgets, sales forecasts, economic forecasts, analyses of in-house training programs, and a host of other documents that help managers make decisions.信息资源：信息资源是经过分析和转换的数据，它能帮助管理者进行有效决策。为了更实用，信息资源必须正确、及时、简要、广泛全面。信息资源的实例包括财政预算、市场预测，经济前景预测、公司内部培训计划分析，和其他的帮助管理者决策的文献材料。 In todays complex global markets, the skillful use of informational resources is necessary for a companys success. Organizational resources are often closely related. For example, the effective and efficient use of financial markets. Sophisticated computer systems may be needed to convert data into useful information. Human resources can achieve maximum productivity only when they have access to appropriate types of physical resources. The challenge to managers is to reorganize the overlap among resources while valuing the importance of each.在现今复杂化全球化的市场上，信息资源的有效利用对一个公司的成功是必须的，各种资源常常是密切相关的。例如，财力资源的有效和高效利用受人力资源对国际财经市场的理解的影响。复杂的计算机系统可以用作把数据转换成为有用的信息，只有当人力资源与物质资源的正确类型相匹配时，才能实现产出最大化，对管理者的挑战就是评估各种资源的重要性时重新组合，去提重叠部分。 Unit2 II Vocabulary study 词汇学习 第21页 require acquire operate comprehend motivate maintain 要求 获得 操作、经营 理解 激励 维持adapt to be certain access to coordinate component convert 适应于 肯定 进入 协调 组成部分 转变1、As an excellent manager, he is very good at motivating his employees. 作为一名杰出的经理，他非常善于激励他的员工。2、Their principal activities are to serve the French corporations operating abroad. 他们的主要活动是为法国公司的国外经营服务。3、The two rival companies maintained close relations for ten years. 两家竞争公司维持了10年的密切关系。4、A large complex organization can be slow to adapt to changes. 一个大型的复杂组织适应变化可能比较缓慢。5、The ability to use a language can be acquired only by the act of using the language. 使用一门语言的能力可以通过仅仅使用这门语言就能够获得。6、A password is needed to get access to the computer system. 加入电脑系统需要密码。7、Good records are required for the preparation of complete and accurate tax documents. 为了准备完整有精确的税收文件需要完善的记录。8、They read the story, but only a few fully comprehended its meaning. 他们读了这个故事，但是只要少数几个人完全理解它的意思。9、They converted the medieval castle into a beautiful theater. 他们把这个中世纪的城堡变成了一座美丽的戏院。10、The doctor was certain after examining his wounds that he could not possibly live. 在检查完他的伤势之后，这个医生确定他不可能存活。B) Choose the appropriate word for each sentence,using the proper form. 第7页选择适当的词填句子，使用正确的形式。- - - - - -近义选词填空，两个词中选适合意思。- - - - - - Process/procedure 过程、步骤/程序1. John did not follow the correct procedure in applying for the job. 约翰在申请工作时没有遵循正确的程序。 2. The firm is now on the process of moving the machines to a new factory . 词组 该公司现在正在将机器搬往新工厂的过程中。Coordinate/cooperate 协调/合作3. The scientists from the two medical schools are cooperating in the attempt to find a cure for the disease. 注意进行时加ing来自两个医学院的科学家正合作试图找到治愈该疾病的方法。4. They appointed a new manager to coordinate the work of the team. 他们任命了一位新经理来协调该团队的工作。 Objetive/objection 目标/反对5. He set an objective for the new organization to provide free legal aid to the poor. 他为新组织设立了目标，为穷人提供免费的法律援助。6. The main objection to program was that it would cost too much . 该项目的主要反对是它可能花费太大。 effctive/efficient 有效的/高效的7. They used a new drug in the treatment that is effective against the cancer . 他们在治疗过程中使用新药物，该药物对付癌症非常有效。8. A successful manager needs an efficient secretary. 一个成功的经理需要一名高效的秘书。 Productive/productivity 高产的/产量9. The installation of the new machinery has doubled the productivity of the factory .安装新机器使得该工厂的产量翻倍增加。 10. The new training program made the workers highly productive .新的培训计划使得个人生产力提高。III Prepositions and adverbs 介词和副词Fill each blank with an appropriate preposition or adverb. 用适当的介词或副词填空。1. He said that they should examine all the costs involved in the project first. 他说他们应该首先检查这个工程涉及的成本。固定词组，涉及 2. Dealing with this diversity of human resources in the 2010s and beyond will be a significant challenge to managers. 固定词组，对挑战在2010年和之后处理人力资源的多样性并将对经理们是个重大的挑战。3. Smiths Tuesday morning experiences are typical of managerial work, which is varied, fragmented, and difficult to plan and organize. 固定词组，典型的史密斯星期二早上的经历是典型的管理工作，这种工作是多样的、散碎的并且很难计划和组织。4. Effective managers may be one of a developed countrys most valuable resources, and they are one of the most needed resources in less developed countries . 效率高的经理可能是发达国家最有价值的资源之一，他们在不太发达的国家是最需要的资源之一。 less 副词，修饰形容词，表示较少的 5. The specific tasks of a manager in a college or university department differ from those of people managing in other organizations .大学部门经理的具体任务不同于在其他组织中从事管理工作的人的任务 固定词组，不同于6. Bad management results in poor employee morale, poor quality, low productivity, and unnecessary employee-employer conflicts . 固定词组，导致劣质的管理导致职员士气不佳，质量差，产量低以及不必要的雇主和员工之间的冲突。7. Errors in judgement for job hunting can prevent even the finest candidate from landing the job she or he wants . 固定词组，在方面的错误。求职的判断错误会阻止最好的候选人得到他或她获得想要的工作。8. The business plan is a written document that clearly defines the goals of a business and outlines the methods for achieving them . 固定词组，的方法商业计划是一份书面文件，该文件明确规定了商业的目标并列出了实现目标的方法。9. Rapid technological developments in transportation and communications have brought the peoples of the world closer together in a physical sense. 固定词组，在意义上交通和通讯方面的快速的技术发展已经使得全世界的人们在物理意义上更加接近。10. A recent survey revealed that 54 percent considered a foreign language necessary for doing business abroad . 副词，在国外最近的调查显示54%的人们认为一门外语是在国外做生意所必须的。- - - - - -句子翻译- - - - - - 汉译英A) Translate the following Chinese sentences into English using appropriate modal verbs. 使用适当的情态动词将下列中文句子翻译成英文。第2单元 第23页1、她说不应当允许发生这样的错误。 She said that such errors ought not to be allowed. 2、在挑选计算机时你必须要选择合适的软件。 When choosing a computer, you will need to select the right software. 3、我们在工作中可能会有机会与国外的专家进行交流。 In our work, we may occasionally communicate with experts in other countries. 4、如果一个人要在商界成功的话就必须克服这些困难。 These obstacles must be overcome if one is to be successful in the business world. 5、市场调研十分重要搜集到的信息可以增加你盈利的可能性。 Market research is very important, the information which has been gathered can increase your profit potential. 6、 因为没有一家公司的财政经费有它所期待的那么多，所以公司必须就如何使用其有限的资金进行决策。 Because no company has many financial resources as it would like to have (as might have been expected), decision must be made regarding how these limited resources will be used. - - - - - -动词时态填词- - - - - - Unit2 第23页1. I was waiting all the morning. You should have told（tell） me you werent coming. 我整个早上都在等，你本应该告诉我你要来的。2. There must have been (be)a bad accident here. Look at all the broken glass around. 这儿肯定发生了严重事故，看到处是破玻璃。3. I should like to have been told (tell) the result earlier . 我本来希望早点被告知这个结果的。4. You neednt have carried (not carry) all those parcels by yourself .The shop would have delivered them if you had required it . 你本不需要亲自运送这些包裹的。商店会送过来如果你要求的话。5. No one dared to question (question) the order of the commander at that time . 当时，没人敢怀疑指挥官的命令 。6. I cant find my mobile phone. I may have left (leave) it in the restaurant yesterday . 我找不到我的手机了。我可能昨天掉在旅馆了。 7. Since youve finished with these magazines, you may as well sell (sell)them and make some money. 既然你已经看完了这些杂志，你不妨卖掉它们赚些钱。8. -Look! Those people who are coming into the hall are carrying wet umbrellas . -It must be raining /must have been raining (rain)outside. 瞧，那些进入大厅的人们正带着湿雨伞。外面肯定在下雨/肯定已经下过雨。- - - - - -句子改错题- - - - - - Unit2 1. Believe it or not ,his success was due in -（to）luck . due to 词组2. The changes have been apparent at -（over）the past five years. Over 在过去的五年中。3. In addition for- (to )English, the students learn art ,music and history . in addition to 词组，除了以外。4. Tim likes outdoor activities. He will go out other -( rather) than stay home. Rather than 词组，而不愿5. She hasnt made up her mind as for -（to）where she will spend her holiday . As to 词组， 关于- - - - - -英译汉- - - - - - 2、Managerial economics is the study of the application of economic principles of decision-making in business firms or in other management units. The basic concepts are derived mainly form microeconomic theory, which studies the behavior of individual consumers, firms, and industries, but new tools of analysis have been added. Statistical methods, for example, are becoming increasingly important in estimating current and future demand for products. 管理经济学研究将经济学原理运用于企业公司或其他管理部门的决策之中，其基本概念主要来自研究个体消费者、公司和行业的经济行为的微观经济学，但加进了新的分析方法。例如各种统计方法在估计产品当前和今后的需求中已日渐重要。 - - - - - -汉译英- - - - - - 2、好的管理是实现个人和社会目标的不可缺少的内容。好的管理可以创造高质量的工作和高生产率，可以把冲突减至最低程度和最大限度地促进合作，所有这些会使经济不断改善，而这又为个人发展和社会进步打下很好的基础。 Good management is a vital element in achieving personal and social objectives. Good management can creat high quality and high productivity, minimize conflicts and maximize cooperation, all of which lend to an improving economy which lays an excellent foundation for personal development and social progress. Text2 Culture and International BusinessThe success or failure of a company abroad depends on how effectively its employees can exercise their skills in a new location. That ability will depend on both their job-related expertise and the individuals sensitivity and responsiveness to the new cultural environment. One of the most common factors contributing to failure in international business assignments is the erroneous assumption that if a person is successful in the home environment, he or she will be equally successful in applying technical expertise in a different culture.国外公司的成功与否取决于它的员工能不能在新地方高效地发挥自己的聪明技巧，取决于在新的文化氛围中的两种能力：一是与工作有关系的工作能力，一是个人的工作责任心。有一个共同的因素经常导致国际商务的失败，那就是一个人在国内商务环境中取得了成功，那么他（她）同样地把这种工作技能运作于不同的文化。 Research has shown that failures in the overseas business setting most frequently result from an inability to understand and adapt to foreign ways of thinking and acting rather than from technical or professional incompetence. At home ,US businesspeople equip themselves with vast amount of knowledge of their employees, customers, and business partners. Market research provides detailed information on values, attitudes, and buying preference of US consumers; middle-and upper-level mangers are well versed in the intricacies of their organizations culture; and labor negotiators must be highly sensitive to what motivates those on the other side of the table. Yet when North American turn to the international arena; they are often only willing to deal with customers, employees, and fellow workers with a dearth of information that at home would be unimaginable.调查结果显示：海外商务公司失败的原因，并不是专业能力不胜任，而是对国外思维行为模式的不理解和不适应。在国内，美国商人用大量的知识来武装他们的雇员，消费者和商业背景。市场调研也提供了美国消费顾客的价值观、心态和购买倾向等许多详细的信息，中高水平的管理者非常精通他们错综复杂的企业文化，非常敏感劳资双方关系和激励谈判桌上的另一方伙伴。但是当北美商人们转向国际商业大舞台时，