浮吊式起重机控制的相关技术问题分析中英文翻译.doc

/ /浮吊式起重机控制的相关技术问题分析中英文翻译Floating crane crane control analysis of the related technical problems in both Chinese and English translation 1 引言1 introduction 浮式起重机是重钢公司的瓶颈设备，是矿石原料入口通道的咽喉，该设备性能的优劣直接关系到公司的生存与发展，是全公司要改造的重点关键设备。由于该设备有举足轻重的作用，在技术改造中既要先进，更要把安全可靠摆在头等地位，因此在设计中先进科技设备和控制技术成熟度是第一位的。浮式起重机是一个复杂的系统，它的控制涉及众多工程技术问题，是多技术系统应用的复合体。为了改善浮吊性能，保证该系统在高频率、大运量的情况下正常运行，需对该浮吊的控制系统及相应的机械传动部分进行技术改造，改造后的控制系统应能适应设备年起卸矿石200万吨的作业状况。Floating crane is the bottleneck of chongqing steel company, is a ore raw materials into the throat of the entryway, this equipment fit and unfit quality directly related to the performance of the companys survival and development, is the focus of the whole company to transform key equipment. Because the device has a significant role, both advanced in technological transformation, more safe and reliable to the top position, so in the design of advanced technology equipment and control technical maturity is first. Floating crane is a complex system, its control involves many engineering problems, is a complex technology system application. In order to improve the floating crane performance, to ensure the system normal operation under the condition of high frequency, large capacity, for the floating crane control system and the corresponding mechanical transmission part of the technical renovation, after modification of the control system shall be able to adapt to equipment in ore discharge 2 million tons of homework. 控制系统改造涉及起升及抓斗闭合电机(22110kW)、旋转机构电机(2230kW)以及变幅机构电机(2130kW)共计10台电机的驱动及调速，实现可靠的安全联锁和防误操作功能以及联合动作控制系统，还涉及联动操作台的改造。Control system involved in lifting and closed grab motor (2 x 2 x 110 kw), rotating body motor (2 * 2 * 30 kw) and derricking gear motor (2 * 1 * 30 kw) for a total of 10 electric motor drive and control, to achieve reliable safety interlocking and prevent wrong operation function and joint movement control system, also involving the linkage work station. 驱动系统能实现大范围的平稳调速及较快的速度提升性能(从启动到高速2.5s)，同时解决抓斗闭合与提升电机间的受力平衡问题，速度调节能适应抓斗和吊装两种作业方式。Smooth drive system can realize a wide range of speed regulation, and faster speed (2.5 s) from the start to the high speed performance, at the same time solve the grab force balance between the closed and enhance motor problem, speed regulation can be adapted to grab and loading two operation modes. 控制系统要具备较高的安全可靠性及完备的防误操作功能;联动操作台要操作简单易掌握，贴近原操作习惯，且有较高的使用寿命，适应频繁操作;整个系统能在高温高粉尘的恶劣环境下正常工作，适应正负百分之十的电网电压波动。因此，在系统功能实现上，有一定难度，以下就有关技术实现问题作些讨论。Control system requires higher safety and reliability and complete maloperation prevention function; Linkage work station to operation simple easy to master, close to the original operation habit, and has high service life and adapt to frequent operation; The whole system can work normally under high temperature and high dust environment, to adapt to the power grid voltage fluctuation of plus or minus percentage points. As a result, the system function realization, has the certain difficulty, the following questions about technology make some discussion. 2 系统总体设计考虑2 system overall design considerations (1) 驱动系统设计及选型(1) drive system design and selection 为提高浮吊作业效率，既要提高驱动系统的速度响应，又要减少故障检修及常规检修的周期和频率，采用变频调速方式可以很好的满足浮吊设备对于驱动系统的要求。To improve the efficiency of floating crane operations, both to improve the speed response of the drive system, and to reduce the troubleshooting and routine maintenance cycle and the frequency of using frequency control method can well meet the requirements of the floating crane equipment for the drive system. 变频器有很宽的调速范围，可以设定加减速时间;良好的低速力矩特性使得电动机在启动和加速时能够获得大而且平滑的加速度;制动单元的接入又使得电动机在减速和停车时能够获得足够的制动力矩。上述特性保证了变频调速系统有很好的速度响应性能。Frequency converter has a wide speed range, can be set and deceleration time; Good low speed torque characteristic enables the motor during starting and speed up to get big and smooth acceleration; Access and makes the motor brake units can gain enough when to slow down and stop brake torque. These features ensure the speed variable frequency speed regulation system has good response performance. 其多段速度功能的各段速度独立可调，可根据作业需要设定各种不同速度进行作业。Independence to the function of paragraphs multistage speed is adjustable, can be homework according to operation need to set different speed. 变频器的平稳起动及制动特性减少了机械冲击，降低了结构损耗;启动电流较小，在频繁起动及制动中减少电机热损，延长电机寿命;变频器自身是高可靠性的通用标准设备，故障率极低，引入变频器后整机的故障率降低，维护量减少，间接地提高了作业效率。Smooth starting and braking characteristics of the inverter to reduce the mechanical shock, reduce the loss of the structure; Small starting current, which reduces heat loss in the frequent starting and braking, extend the life of the motor; Inverter itself is the universal standard equipment with high reliability, low failure rate, reduce the failure rate of the machine after introducing the frequency converter, the maintenance quantity is reduced, indirectly improve the working efficiency. 为提高操作器件的可靠性，采用多段速有级平滑调速方式。In order to improve the reliability of the operating device, USES the multistage velocity step smooth speed control mode. 变频调速在低速情况及加减速过程中有明显的节电效果。Frequency control of motor speed in the process of low speed and deceleration has obvious power saving effect. 本系统选用的是日本安川公司的616G5系列起重专用型变频器，它能够方便的实现闭环矢量控制，可实现高达1:1000的调速比，高精度的速度控制，零速时可达到150额定力矩，广泛的应用于起重行业。各电机原为绕线电机转子串电阻方式调速，改为变频调速后不需要更换电机，仅把电机转子回路短接即可。This system chooses 616 g5 series hoisting AnChuan Japanese company is special inverter, it can be convenient to realize closed loop vector control system, can achieve as much as the latter speed ratio, high precision of speed control, zero speed can reach 150% when the rated torque, widely applied in the lifting industry. Originally the motor winding speed regulating motor rotor string resistance way, dont need to replace the motor after changed to frequency control of motor speed, only take motor rotor circuit short. (2) 控制系统设计及选型(2) control system design and model selection 起重设备涉及到一系列的安全问题，浮吊控制系统必须有很好的可靠性和完善的安全措施，保证即使在操作失误的情况下也不会导致安全事故和设备损坏，为此本方案采用PLC来实现安全联锁和防误功能。除了紧急停机操作保留直接连线方式外，所有的操作均通过PLC程序来实现。本系统选用西门子公司6ES7200系列紧凑型小型PLC产品作为核心控制设备。Hoisting equipment involves a series of security problems, floating crane control system must have good reliability and improve the safety measures and guarantee the even in the case of error will not cause safety accidents and equipment damage, so this scheme adopts the PLC to realize the safety interlocking and the error function. In addition to emergency stop operating reserves the direct connection way, all operations are done by PLC program. This system chooses the Siemens 6 es7-200 series compact small PLC as the core control device. (3) 联动操作台设计及选型(3) linkage work station design and type selection 联动操作台是浮吊的唯一操作位置和人机界面，除了作为基本操作器的手柄式凸轮控制器外，还设置了各种故障信号、紧急停机按钮、功能选择开关、允许操作钥匙开关等。Linkage work station is the only location and man-machine interface operation, floating crane as well as the basic operator handle type CAM controller, also set up all kinds of fault signal, the emergency stop button, the function selection switch, allows operation key switch, etc. 联动操作器作为浮吊主要操作设备，动作十分频繁，要求可靠并且有较长的使用寿命。本系统选用法国施耐德公司的XKB-E系列手柄式凸轮控制器，其操作灵活可靠，手感好，使用寿命高达各方向100万次，以旋转及变幅操作器为例，即允许左旋右旋和变幅向前向后各操作100万次，根据浮吊作业频率估计，每台操作器大约可使用1年左右。Linkage manipulator as floating crane main operating equipment, the movement is very frequent, requirements and reliable and has long service life. This system chooses the French schneider company XKB - E series lever type CAM controller, its operation is flexible and reliable, feel is good, the service life of up to 1 million times, the direction to rotate and amplitude operator, for example, allowing a left-handed right-handed and transformer the backward and forward for 1 million times, according to the floating crane operation frequency estimates that each operator can be used about 1 years. 当起升或抓斗部分出现故障时，需要将抓斗下放，为此设计了机械制动器释放踏板和允许此项操作的钥匙开关。When lifting or grab some malfunction, you need to grab, this design the mechanical brake release the pedal and allow the key switch of the operation. (4) 系统的环境适应性设计及选型(4) the system of environmental adaptability design and type selection 浮吊位于江边，主要任务是装卸矿石，工作在高温、高湿、高粉尘及振动环境，需要采取措施保证控制系统正常工作。Floating crane is located in the river, the main task is to load and unload ore, work in high temperature, high humidity, dust and vibration environment, some measures are needed to guarantee the normal work of the control system. 浮吊主卷扬室内的四台电机、所有的控制柜等均为发热体，夏天时将因排放热量困难而产生很高的环境温度，不利于控制系统正常工作。在该室加装有强制通风设备以改善散热条件。Floating crane main winding indoor all four motors and control cabinet are the heating element, heat in the summer they will difficult to generate high temperature, unfavorable to the normal work of the control system. In the chamber is equipped with forced ventilation equipment to improve the cooling conditions. 起升及抓斗电机工作持续性较高，在长时间低速运行时由于内置风扇工作效率低而导致散热能力差，改为外部强制风冷。Persistent high hoisting and grab motor work, during low speed running for a long time due to built-in fan work efficiency low heat dissipation ability is poor, instead of external forced air cooling. 各控制柜采用进口柜体，密闭式结构可防止粉尘及湿气侵入，柜体上加装带过滤罩的强制通风风机以排放柜内热量，装有PLC的柜体装设柜用空调器，保证系统可以在-10-65的环境温度下正常工作。Each control cabinet adopts imported cabinet put oneself in anothers position, closed structure can prevent dust and moisture intrusion, cabinet put oneself in anothers position with forced draft fan with filter cover on emissions of heat inside ark, cabinet put oneself in anothers position with PLC tank equipped with air-conditioner, ensures that the system can be in - 10-65 ambient temperature to work properly. 各主要电气设备均选用具有抗振能力的进口设备。为了保证整个控制系统的高可靠性，本系统对于断路器、隔离开关、接触器以及按钮信号灯等低压电器统一选用了欧洲著名品牌，德国金钟默勒公司的产品。All the main electrical equipment with ant-vibration ability of imported equipment. In order to ensure the high reliability of the control system, this system for circuit breaker, isolating switch, contactor and button lights and other low voltage apparatus, unified use famous brand in Europe, the German admiralty - moeller companys products. 3 控制系统详细设计3 control system design in detail 3.1 电气主回路设计中的几个问题Several problems in 3.1 the main electrical circuit design (1) 电气保护(1) electric protection 各支路入口用支路断路器作支路短路保护及后备过载保护，支路的过载保护、过压及欠压保护和其他保护则由变频器自身的保护功能承担。由隔离变压器提供控制电源及向PLC供电，以尽可能减小PLC及控制元件受电源干扰导致工作不正常的可能性。隔离变压器前端设一断路器作为短路保护及线路保护。The branch entrance with branch breaker branch reserve short circuit protection and overload protection, branch of the overload protection, over-voltage and under-voltage protection and other protections are borne by the inverters own protection. Provided by the isolation transformer power supply and the power supply to the PLC control, PLC in order to minimize and control components interference by power lead to the possibility of work is not normal. Isolation transformer front-end for a circuit breaker as a short circuit protection and line protection. (2) 变频器出口隔离开关(2) the inverter export isolating switch 电动机在检修或较长时间停止运行后，要进行绝缘检测，合格才能够投入运行，而变频器是电力电子类设备，不能进行常规绝缘检测，为此，在各变频器之后都设置了隔离开关，以便在需要时方便地将变频器与电动机断开。Motor after maintenance or stop running a long time, must carry on the insulation test, qualified to put into operation, the inverter is power electronics equipment, cannot undertake regular insulation test, therefore, set up in every inverter after isolating switch, in order to convenient when you want to disconnect inverter and motor. (3) 制动单元及制动电阻(3) the braking unit, braking resistor 起升及抓斗电机在负荷下降时，重物的势能将转化成为电能，再由变频器附加的制动电阻将此电能转变为热能耗散掉，以达到平稳制动的目的。旋转及变幅电机也附加了制动电阻，作为减速过程中的制动手段。制动电阻是通过制动单元接入变频器的，制动单元能够根据需要自动投入和切除制动电阻。制动电阻安装在控制柜外专门的电阻安装支架上。Hoisting and grab motor when the load decline, the weight of the potential energy will be converted to electrical energy, again by additional inverter braking resistor to the electrical energy into heat energy dissipation, to achieve the purpose of smooth braking. Rotation and luffing motor braking resistance is also attached, as the sl