耙斗机外文翻译.doc

摘要P-15B耙斗机属于矿井巷道掘进的装岩设备，是耙装机和转载机“合二为一”的机型。可称之为转载式耙斗装岩机。在巷道掘进中，作为装载设备的装岩机有多种，主要分为耙斗式和铲斗式两种。P-90B耙斗机是一种用绞车吧岩石装入矿车的机械。其符号的意义是：P耙斗式；15耙斗的容积为0.15立方米；B设计序号。它适用于巷道净高大于2米，断面为5立方米以上的巷道。耙斗装岩机养护注意事项(1)维护耙斗装岩机的维修工必须熟悉该机的性能、工作原理、构造特点。 (2)维修工必须执行严格的交接班制度，对该机各部件详细检查，交接清楚，否则发生问题由本班负责。 (3)耙斗装岩机的电器设备，橡套电缆等必须妥加保护，避免遭受水淋、撞击、挤压和炮崩造成损坏，发现问题及时汇报主管部门，并填写汇报记录。 (4)新安耙斗装岩机必须达到完好标准，维修工必须保持设备性能处于良好状态。 (5)有严格的零件交旧换新制度，以及丢失和损坏零件奖罚制度。 (6)维修工与耙斗装岩机司机团结协作，保证机器正常运转。 (7)维修工也必须熟悉耙斗装岩机技术操作规程。 耙斗装岩机的维修检查 (1)检查各部连接件是否松动，各部件是否齐全和损坏情况。 (2)固定装置是否牢靠，尤其是上下山使用的卡具、撑腿、绳套等必须牢固可靠。 (3)操作机构是否灵活，检查工作闸皮和辅助闸皮磨损情况。 (4)滑轮转动是否灵活，有无损坏情况，工作尾轮出现问题要及时更换，正常情况半个月更换一次。 (5)检查防护装置，并处于良好状态，不得随意去掉。 (6)接班和放炮后对固定装置、槽子、电器设备等进行详细检查，并填写汇报记录。 (7)检查钢丝绳磨损情况，绳头严重断裂及时截去、调换绳头或者更换新绳。 (8)绳轮每个月注黄油一次，绞车滚筒内每月注油一次，绞车减速机每季注油一次 (上山或下山坡度大时，视油标位置处理)。 (9)机电主管部门每月检查一次耙斗装岩机完好情况，并进行评比工作。 (10)上山掘进时，电修工每班检查一次倒拉滑轮、绳卡子、绳套等固定装置，确保处于完好状态。 (11)耙斗装岩机连续使用6个月(约1.5万吨矸石)，需升坑检修一次，检修结果作出记录以备查考。耙斗装岩机的使用注意 (1)耙斗装岩机在入坑前，必须经过检查和试运转，运转正常后方可入坑。 (2)耙斗装岩机入坑时，需拆若干件装入车盘或矿车，应考虑安装的方便，使用地点和方向，不得超高和超宽，必须绑牢，以免运输中发生问题。 (3)组装时应按顺序将各件运到掘进头，全部组装完毕进行试运转，由安装与使用双方进行交接工作。 (4)拆除与组装次序相反，各部件保证完整无缺的升坑，同时也进行交接工作，以便顺利的进行检修工作。 (5)在上山或下山组装时，注意倒链、绳套，悬吊方式、组装方法等必须安全可靠。耙斗装岩机维修需要注意 (1)耙斗装岩机运转时，不得检修传动部分，也不准用手或工具触摸钢丝绳。 (2)绞车滚筒上的绳，因倒绳和起圈咬绳而造成的钢丝绳损坏和断绳，应及时更换新绳。钢丝绳不准结节使用。 （3）工作时，绞车滚筒上的钢丝绳，最少不得少于三圈，一般主绳为40米，尾绳为60米。 (4)在上山或下山移动耙斗装岩机时，电修工必须与班长共同指挥耙斗装岩机移动工作。注意检查倒拉滑轮和点柱、绳套、绳卡子、卡轨器或其它固定装置，确保安全可靠。 (5)放炮后电修工必须检查电缆、照明灯，线盒、滑轮以及固定装置等。 (6)在上山使用耙斗装岩机时，必须有可靠的斜撑支腿和卡轨器，再用钢丝绳套将耙斗装岩机与轨道联结牢固，每班进行严格检查。 (7)下山使用耙斗装岩机固定时，为防止机身下滑，除卡轨器外，还应有专用的卡轨装置或用钢丝绳套拉紧均可。 (8)上下山掘进使用耙斗装岩机时，提升信号必须保持良好状态，不准用其它方法传送信号，防止撞击耙斗装岩机等事故。 (9)在上山移动耙斗装岩机时，其下方禁止有人。 (10)机身前方有护身点柱，防止物料下滑伤人。 (11)在上山移动耙斗装岩机时，可在耙斗装岩机尾部加装一个“俗称罐尾巴”的保险叉，防止机身下滑。为了适应大断面矿井快速掘进的要求，从而解决装在速度不能满足掘进速度的要求的矛盾，论文中以耙斗装岩机的生产率和耙斗容积为已知条件通过大量计算 推理和论证，设计了耙斗装岩机的减速器 工作滚筒 空程滚筒等绞车主要部件。其中工作滚筒和空程滚筒的传动部分采用醒醒齿轮机构完成，具有操作省力 灵活，调整简便，事故小，维修工作量小的优点，同时在吸取成型生产和使用经验的基础上完成耙斗装岩机的绞车设计。行星齿轮机构的组成及特征：简单（单排）的行星齿轮机构是变速机构的基础，通常自动变速器的变速机构都由两排或三排以上行星齿轮机构组成。简单行星齿轮机构包括一个太阳轮、若干个行星齿轮和一个齿轮圈，其中行星齿轮由行星架的固定轴支承，允许行星轮在支承轴上转动。行星齿轮和相邻的太阳轮、齿圈总是处于常啮合状态，通常都采用斜齿轮以提高工作的平稳性1、当行星架为主动件时，从动件超速运转。2、当行星架为从动件时，行星架必然较主动件转速下降。3、当行星架为固定时，主动件和从动件按相反方向旋转。4、太阳轮为主动件时，从动件转速必然下降。5、若行星架作为被动件，则它的旋转方向和主动件同向。6、若行星架作为主动件，则被动件的旋转方向和它同向。7、在简单行星齿轮机构中，太阳轮齿数最少，行星架的当量齿数最多而齿圈齿数则介于中间。（注：行星架的当量齿数=太阳轮齿数十齿圈齿数。）8、若行星齿轮机构中的任意两个元件同速同方向旋转，则第三元件的转速和方向必然与前两者相同，即机构锁止，成为直接档。（这是一个十分重要的特征，尽管上述的例子没有涉及。）9、仅有一个主动件并且两个其它部件没被固定时，此时处于空挡行星齿轮机构的工作原理 根据能量守恒定律，三个元件上输入和输出的功率的代数和应等于零，从而得到单排行星齿轮机构一般运动规律的特性方程。特性方程：n1+an2-(1+a)n3=0由特性方程可以看出，由于单排行星齿轮机构具有两个自由度，在太阳轮、环形内齿圈和行星架三个机构中，任选两个分别作为主动件和从动件，而使另一个元件固定不动，或使其运动受一定的约束（即该元件的转速为某定值），则机构只有一个自由度，整个轮系以一定的传动比传递动力.下面分别讨论三种情况。1、齿圈固定，太阳轮为主动件且顺时针转动，而行星架则为被动件。太阳轮顺时针转动时，太阳轮轮齿必给行星轮齿A一个推力F1，则行星轮应为逆时针转动，但由于齿圈固定，所以齿圈轮齿必给行星轮齿B一个反作用力F2,行星轮在F1和 F2合力作用下必绕太阳轮顺时针旋转，结果行星轮不仅存在逆时针自转，并且在行星架的带动下，绕太阳轮中心轴线顺时针公转。在这种状态下，就出现了行星齿轮机构作用的传动方式，而且被动件行星架的旋转方向与主动件同方向。在这里，太阳轮是主动件而且是小齿轮，被动件行星架没有具体齿数的传动关系，因此定义行星架的当量齿数等于太阳轮和齿圈齿数之和。这样，太阳轮带动行星架转动仍属于小齿轮带动最大的齿轮，是一种减速运动且有最大的传动比。2、太阳轮固定，行星架为主动件且顺时针转动，齿圈为被动件。当行星架顺时转动时，势必造成行星轮的顺时针转动，但因太阳轮制动，太阳轮齿给行星轮齿 B齿一个反作用力F1,行星轮在F1的作用下顺时针旋转，其轮齿给齿圈轮齿A一个F2的推力，齿圈在F2的作用下顺时针旋转。在这里，主动件行星架的旋转方向和被动件齿圈相同。由于行星架是一个当量齿数最大齿轮，因此被动的齿圈以增速的方式输出，两者间传动比小于1。因为此时n1=0，故传动比i23=n3n2=a/(1+a)。3、行星架固定，太阳轮为主动件且顺时针转动，而齿圈则作为被动件。由于行星架被固定，则机构就属于定轴传动，太阳轮顺时针转动，给行星轮齿A一个作用力F1，行星轮则逆时针转动，给齿圈轮齿B一个作用力F2，齿圈也逆时针旋转，结果齿圈的旋转方向和太阳轮相反。在定轴传动中，行星轮起了过渡轮的作用，改变了被动件齿圈的旋向。因为此时n3=0，故传动比i12=n1n2=-a。P90B耙斗装载机主要由钢丝绳 耙斗 机架 台车 操作机构和绞车等部分组成。这种装载机的优点为装载能力大，装岩效率高，安全可靠，故障少，易维修，适用范围广，结构简单，易于制造等等。但体积大，钢丝绳磨损快。关键字：耙斗装岩机 滚筒 行星齿轮 ABSTRACTThe P-15-B a rake belongs to mine laneway tunneling machine with rock equipment, it is installed and reproduced the machine together model. Can call reproduced type a rake with rock machine. In tunneling of roadway, as the loading equipment installed rock machine has a variety of, mainly divides into the measures type and bucket type two kinds. P-15-B rake measures machine is a rock in it was winched shortages of machinery. Its symbol meaning is: P-a rake type; 15-a rake the capacity of 0.15 cubic meters; B-design serial number. It is suitable for roadway clear height of greater than 2 m, section 5 m3 for the roadways. The machine maintenance with a rock matters needing attention (1) Maintain a pack of the rock machine maintenance technician must be familiar with the performance and working principle, structure characteristics. (2) Maintenance technician must implement strict handing-over system, all the parts of the machine carefully and handover clear, or by this class is responsible for the problems. (3)The fights with rock machine electrical equipment, the rubber set of cable must add the protection, avoid water from rain, bump, extrusion and gun damage collapse, found that the problem report departments, and fill in the reporting record. (4) Installed a rake xinan rock machine must complete standard, maintenance technician must keep equipment performance is in good condition. (5) Have strict parts into old change new system, and the loss and damage spare parts award system. (6) Maintenance technician and the measures put rock machine driver unity cooperation, to ensure the normal operation of the machine. (7) Maintenance technician also must be familiar with the fights with rock machine technology operation procedures. The measures put rocks of the machine maintenance checks (1) Check whether all fittings, become loose, each parts for cases of damage. (2) Fxed device is firm, especially the use of the fixtures and hold down the leg, nooses, etc must be strong and reliable. (3) Operator is flexible, check the work brake skin and auxiliary brake skin wear. (4) Pulley rotation is flexible, whether have damage, tail wheel work problems to change in time, normal replacement of a half a month. (5) check protection device, and in good condition, do not get optional removed. (6) Generation and after adopting of fixed device, tank, electrical equipment of detailed inspection, and fill in reporting record. (7) Check the wire rope wear, rope head serious fracture timely truncated, exchange or replace new head rope rope. (8) Rope round each month note butter a, winches roller monthly note oil within a, winches reducer quarterly note oil a (went up into the mountain or down the mountain slope, depending on the oil standard position treatment). (9) Mechanical and electrical department monthly checks a rake with a rock machine in good condition, and the comparison work. (10) Heading up the mountain, the repair work each class check a fall pull pulley, rope bands, such as the noose fixtures, make sure to be in perfect condition. (11) The measures for use with rock machine 6 months (about 15000 tons of coal wasting), need to rise a pit maintenance, repair the results make records for the examination. The use of the machine with a rock attention (1) The measures put into the hole in the rock machine before, must be subject to inspection and test run, run into the pit the normal. (2) The measures put into the pit rock machine, need to open several pieces into car dish or harvesters, should consider the installation convenient, use the site and direction, and not high and the wide, to be bolted the jail, lest transport problems. (3) Assembly shall be according to the order will each thing to JueJinTou, all the assembly on the test run, installation and use both sides by a transition. (4) Removed and assembly sequence instead, ensure complete all parts/pit, also a transition to smoothly repair work. (5) The mountain or down the mountain assembly, note down the chain, the noose, hanging way, the assembly method, etc must be safe and reliable. The measures put rocks need to pay attention to machine maintenance (1) A rake with rock machine operation, not maintenance transmission part, also must not use hand or touch tool steel rope. (2)The cords on the roller, because fall rope and QiJuan bite caused damage wire rope and breaking rope, should change in time new lines. Wire rope no nodules use. (3) Work, the wire rope hoist roller, shall not be less than three times at least, general Lord rope for 40 meters, the tail rope for 60 meters. (4) The mountain or down the mountain with a mobile rake rock machine, electric repair work must monitor and joint command a rake with rock machine mobile work. Check the pulleys and pull down the noose, rope, some column bands, card or other fixtures for rail, ensure safe and reliable. (5) After adopting the work must check electric cable, lighting, fuse, pulley and fixed devices, etc. (6)Use a rake up the mountain in with rock unit, must have reliable slant supports a leg and card rail device, then use a pack of wire rope will rake machine and the rail link rock solid, intending to strict test. (7) Down the mountain with the use a fixed rock machine, to prevent the downturn, in addition to the rail card outside, also should have the special card rail device or use wire rope set taut all can. (8) Up and down the hill with a rake the tunneling use rock unit, improve signal must be kept in good condition, must not use other methods signals, prevent the impact with a rock machine and so on accident. (9)To the mountain with a move the rock unit, its ban someone below. (10) The protective ahead point column, prevent from slipping cuts. (11) To the mountain with a move the rock unit, but in a rock the tail of the pack with a commonly known as cans of tail insurance fork, prevent the slowdown. In order to adapt to the large sections of the mine fast tunneling of the request, so as to solve into speed can not meet the requirements of the contradiction of tunneling speed, in a paper in the rock of the machine with productivity and the measures for the known condition through the large volume calculations and argument, the design of the machine with a rake rock reducer work process such as roller drum empty the major components. The work of the cylinder and the process of roller drive empty part adopts gear wake up complete, have operation effort flexible, convenient adjustment, small accident, the advantages of small amount of maintenance, and learn from forming in the production and use based on the experience of the complete with a rock the winch machine design. Planetary gear institutions and composition of the features: Simple (single) planet gear mechanism is the foundation of the gear mechanisms, usually the automatic transmission gear mechanisms are made by two row or more than three rows of planetary gear mechanism composition. Simple planetary gear institutions including a sun wheel, several planetary gear and a gear circle, including planetary gear by planet shelf fixed axis supporting, allow the planet round in supporting shaft turning on. Planetary gear and the adjacent the sun wheel, tooth circle always is often meshing state, usually adopt bevel gear in order to improve the work and steadiness 1 And when the planet frame to active thing, follower speeding operation. 2, when the planet frame for follower, planet shelf is necessarily a speed down voluntarily. 3 And when the planet frame for fixed, active and a follower in the opposite direction rotation. 4, The sun round to active thing, follower speed inevitable decline. 5, If planet shelf as passive parts, it is the direction of rotation and active a coincidental. 6, if planet shelf, as an active thing, the passive a direction of rotation and it as the first degree turn. 7,in simple planetary gear organizations, the sun wheel gear at least, planet shelf equivalent gear most. And the number of teeth circle between the middle. ( note : planet shelf equivalent gear = the sun gear tooth circle number of dozens.) 8, If any of the planetary gear institutions two elements have the same speed but turns, the third component of the rotation speed and direction before both inevitable with the same, i.e. the lock institutions, become directly file. (This is a very important characteristics, although the above examples not involved.) 9 , Only a active thing and two other parts are not fixed, this time in a neutral Planetary gear mechanisms principle of work According to the law of conservation of energy, three components on the input and output power of algebra and should be equal to zero, and get a single planet gear institutions in general the law of motion of the characteristic equation. Characteristic equations: n1 + an2-(1 + a) = 0 n3 by characteristic equation can see, because odd planet gear mechanism possesses two degrees of freedom, in the sun, ring round in circles and planet shelf teeth three institutions, choose two respectively, as an active and a follower, and make another component fixed, or their movement under certain constraints (namely the components of the speed for a fixed value), the agency only a degree of freedom, the gear at a certain ratio transfer power. Here are three of the discussion. 1, tooth circle fixed, the sun round to active thing and clockwise and planet shelf is passive one. The sun round clockwise, the sun wheel gear will give A planet gear A thrust F1, is the planet round should rotate counterclockwise (6), but because the tooth circle fixed, so tooth gear planetary gear to circle will B A reaction which F2, the planet round in F1 and F2 force under the action of will revolves around the sun in wheel clockwise, result the planet round exists not only counterclockwise rotation, and in the planet shelf to lead, revolves around the sun in the central axis round clockwise revolution. In this state, appeared planetary gear transmission mode in the role of the agencies, and passive a planet shelf direction of rotation and active but thing. Here, the sun round is active and is a small gear, passive a planet shelf no specific number of transmission relations, and therefore define planet shelf equivalent is equal to the number of the sun wheel and tooth circle of number. So, the sun wheel drive the planet shelf rotation is still belongs to a small gear drive the biggest gear, is a kind of slow motion and has the largest transmission. 2, the sun wheel is fixed, the planet shelf for active and a clockwise circle for passive a tooth. When the planet A chronological turns, would cause the planet round clockwise rotation, but because th