S2A unit 6 more reading-- 教案.doc

学大教育上海高中英语同步课程高二上册unit-six 适用学科英语适用年级高二适用区域牛津上海版课时时长（分钟）120知识点知识点1：核心单词知识点2：重点短语知识点3：重点句型知识点4：重要语法教学目标知识：学生能够基本掌握高二上册Unit6 more reading中的词汇、句型及语法。方法：牢记各个知识点的用法，归纳总结异同点。能力：明辨词性的能力； 能够准确判断词性转换的能力； 熟练运用句型的能力。教学重点重点句型的运用教学难点过去分词的运用教学过程一、 课堂导入Look at the pictures given with piercing eyes and make comments on the phenomena reflected and share your ideas with your partner to make further discussion on the topic: “Thats one step for man , one giant leap for mankind.”二、复习预习复习上节课所学习的单词，今天详解重要词汇及句型。共同讨论以下几个问题：Discussion: What do you think of human space exploration?Support: Human space exploration helps to the Universe and the history of our solar address fundamental questions about our place in system. Through addressing the challenges related to human space exploration，we expand technology, create new industries, and help to foster a peaceful connection with other nations Object: A waste of money and the more it costs, the less valuable a government service seems to be. Even per dollar. It would be the epitome(缩影)of wisdom if Mankind put all his remaining assets(财产)in the service of space exploration and space industrial development, because within a hundred years fossil fuels will be so depleted(耗尽的)on Earth that heavy industry will be finished here.三、知识讲解核心单词1. manned adj. 由人操纵的，由人驾驶的，载人的e.g. With the entire nation watching, Chinas first manned space flight, Shenzhou 5,blasted into space.中国首艘载人飞船“神州五号”在举国瞩目之下发射成功。【知识拓展】manned space programme/a plan of manned space flights 载人航天计划 a manned spaceship 载人宇宙飞船e.g. China is known to have successfully completed in its second manned space mission.总所周知，中国已经成功进行了第二次载人航天飞行。2. tie v.系；栓；扎；与成平局 n. 关系；平局；领带，绳子；束缚，限制e.g. Please dont tie the bandage too tight.请不要把绷带扎得太紧。e.g. They want to loosen their ties with Britain.他们想要削弱同英国的关系。e.g. Each team scored twice and the game ended in a tie.每个队都有两次得分，比赛不分胜负。【知识拓展】tie/ fasten/attach his house to a big tree 把马系在一棵大树上 tie my tie 系领带 be tied by a contract 受合同的约束 be tied up with忙得脱不开身；与有密切联系e.g. I want to work but Im tied to the house with the baby.我想工作，但却被孩子拴在了家里。3. rocket n.烟花；火箭 v.猛涨；飞快地移动 e.g. The rocket was launched in May, 2001.这枚火箭发射的时间是2001年5月。e.g. The price of oil has suddenly rocketed up.石油价格突然飞涨。 e.g. The book rocketed to the top of the bestseller list.这本书一下子就跃居畅销书榜首。 4. boom n. 隆隆声；繁荣；激增e.g. The boom of the explosion could be heard for miles.爆炸的隆隆声响数英里以外也能听见。e.g. Living standards improved rapidly during the post-war boom.在战后那段繁荣昌盛的时期里，生活水平迅速提高。【常用搭配】a big boom 一声巨响a boom in car sales 汽车销售额的剧增a property boom 房地产的迅速发展【知识拓展】v. 发出隆隆声；(使)繁荣/迅速发展e.g. By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming.到20世纪80年代时，计算机行业迅猛发展。5. consume v.消耗；吃喝；毁灭；烧毁 e.g. The house was consumed in a fire.房子被大火烧毁了。e.g. Im sure that Chinese people consume the largest amount of rice in the world.我敢肯定，世界上中国人吃掉的大米最多。【常用搭配】+n. consume all the hamburgers 吃光所有的汉堡 consume the whole city 吞噬整个城市consume large amounts of fossil fuels 消耗大量的矿物燃料consume time 消耗时间 +adv. consume away 烧毁,毁灭 +prep. be consumed with 为(某种思想)而不断受折磨be consumed with guilt 深感内疚e.g. The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.电力工业消耗大量的矿物燃料。e.g. He was consumed with rage.他无比愤怒。【知识拓展】(1)consumption n.u消费，消耗；消费/耗量e.g. The government encourages individual consumption.政府鼓励个人消费。e.g. Internet shopping is a new way of consumption.网上购物是当今消费的一种新途径。(2)consumer n.消费者；用户；消费品 consumer advice and protection center 消费者咨询与保护中心e.g. We need more feedback from the consumer in order to improve our goods.我们需要从消费者那里多得到些反馈信息以提高产品质量。(3) consumable adj.可消费的；可消耗的 n.消费品consumable resource 消耗性资源consumable material 消耗材料6. explosion n. 爆炸 e.g. The construction workers used an explosion to tear down the old building.建筑工人用爆破方式拆除了那栋建筑。【常用搭配】a popular explosion 人口激增 plastic explosion 塑性炸药 explosive device 易爆装置e.g. The interest of learning English is an explosive.学习英语的兴趣陡然上升。【知识拓展】explode vi.爆炸；激增；爆发 vt.使爆炸；驳倒e.g. The children exploded three firecrackers.孩子们燃放了三个爆竹 e.g. Several scientific myths were exploded by Galileos observations.科学上的几种荒诞说法因伽利略的观测而被推翻。7. orbit n. 轨道 v. 绕轨道而行, 进入轨道, 盘旋 【常用搭配】 in orbit 在轨道中 e.g.有多少航天器绕月球轨道飞行？How many spacecrafts are orbiting the moon? e.g.该航天器在绕月球轨道运行。The spacecraft is in orbit around the moon. 8. mission n.使命，代表团，任务 v.派遣执行任务e.g. The first space mission to send back pictures from the surface of Mars was Viking 1 in 1976.第一次从火星表面发回照片的太空飞行任务是1976年由“海盗1号”执行的。9. lunar adj.月球的，月亮的e.g. Many people are interested in the lunar landscape.很多人对月球的地貌感兴趣。10. attempt n.&v. 企图，尝试，试图 e.g. They made no attempt to escape. 他们并没有试图逃跑。e.g. Dont attempt to do what you cant do. 不要企图做那些办不到的事情. e.g. He made an attempt to leave the scene, but was watched by the police. 他企图离开现场，但被警察发现了。【常用搭配】make the first/an attempt at sth./to do sth. 对某事的第一次尝试attempt at sth / doing sth 试图做某事 attempt/try/seek to do sth 试图做某事重点短语1. name after/for 以的名字命名be named after/fore.g. The city was named after a hero who laid down his life for it.这个城市是以为它献出生命的英雄的名字来命名的2. fly to space 飞向太空3. in the future 未来4. lead to 把带到；领到；（道路）通向；导致5. become involved in 参与到中6. tie A to B 把绑到上7. most likely 最可能8. sendinto space 把送入太空9. be beaten by 被打败10. orbit earth环绕地球 11. develop a program 开展一个项目12. do/ conduct/ carry on research on 进行研究13. no longer 不再句子分析1. Around AD 1500, a man named Wan Hu made the first attempt at space flight. 在公元1500年左右，一个名叫万户的人首次尝试太空飞行。本句中named Wan Hu是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰a man, a man named Wan Hu=a man who was named Wan Hu “一个名叫万户的人”。2. The people watching might have thought that he was wonderful.旁观的人们也许认为他已经成功了。本句中的might have thought为情态动词的完成时，表示“当时可能以为”，表示对过去情况的一种推测。【知识拓展】 (1)must have done 表示对已经发生的事情的推测，意为“一定，想必”。这种结构一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式是cant /couldnt）have done ，表示“不可能，肯定不会”。e.g. He didnt hear the phone. He must have been asleep.(2)can/could have done表示对过去的时间内可能发生的事情的猜测，can have done 一般只用于否定句和疑问句。could have done 还可以用于肯定句，常用来表示本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作。e.g. He cant have finished the work so soon. 这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。(3)neednt have done 指实际上做了本来不必要做的事，意为“本来不必”。e.g. There was plenty of time . She neednt have hurried. 时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙。(4)should (ought to) have done 指本该做而实际未做的事，意为“本来应该”。其否定式shouldnt/oughtnt have done 则表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。e.g. You should have started earlier , but you didnt. 你本应该早一点出发，但是你没有。3. This time was beaten by Chinas next manned space flight, Shenzhou 6, which began on 12 October 2005. On this flight, Chinese astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng spent five days orbiting Earth.beat v.“打，打败”，在文中指“时间上超过”的意思。e.g. Russians beat all the other scientists in the time duration of their stay in space. 在所有的科学家中，俄罗斯人在太空的逗留时间最长。 e.g. Our team beat their team yesterday. 昨天，我们队打败了他们队。e.g. I felt my heart beating violently. 我感觉到自己的心跳得很厉害。4. When the smoke cleared, Wan Hu was gone. He most likely was consumed in the explosion.clear v. 澄清, 清除障碍, 放晴 clear up 放晴，解决，澄清e.g. I hope itll clear up this afternoon. 我希望今天下午天会放晴。语法解析过去分词的用法1.过去分词作表语表示被动或表示状态。e.g. The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。e.g. He is married. /He has got married.他结婚了。2.过去分词作定语 (1) 单个过去分词用作定语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 e.g. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 (2) 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。e.g. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。(3) 过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 e.g. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 (4) 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。 e.g. The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。3.过去分词作状语 (1)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 e.g. Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。【注意】written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。 值得注意的是，有些过去分词，作状语时不表被动而状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： lost（迷路）、seated（坐）、hidden（躲）、lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）、born（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦）。 e.g. Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。(2)过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。e.g. Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.= If I am given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。e.g. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. =If the city was seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。(3)过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。e.g. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)e.g. Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.)【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状语。 e.g. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。 (4)过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。 e.g. He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。【注意】如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。 e.g. The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。（the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。 e.g. Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。（her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。）4. 过去分词作宾语补足语A.能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： (1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, thinke.g. I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。e.g.He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。(2)表示“致使”意义的动词。have, make, get, keep, leavee.g.Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。e.g.He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。e.g.Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。B.使役动词have/get接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 (1)过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 e.g. He had his money stolen.他的钱被偷了。 (2)过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。e.g. He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。 C.“with 宾语过去分词”结构过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。 e.g. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式） e.g. With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件） e.g. With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因） e.g. She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。e.g. He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。四、例题精析【例题1】【题干】Translation.1. 你认识那个穿着红衣服的妇女吗？(dressed)2. 舒服地坐在椅子上，他在沉思. (lost)3. 对于昨天发生的事故，我很震惊。(shocked)4. 给予更多的关心的话，这些树会长得更好。(given)5. 如果被问及，你不要说我在家里。(asked)【答案】1. Do you know the woman dressed in red? 2. He sat comfortably in an armchair, lost in thought.3. Im shocked at what happened yesterday.4. If given more care, these trees will grow better. 5. If asked, please dont tell him that Im at home.【解析】1. 本题考查过去分词dressed作后置定语修饰the woman。2. 本题考查lost in thought中过去分词lost的用法。即He was lost in thought.3. 本题考查be shocked at的用法。4. 本题考查given的用法，原句即为If these trees are given more care, these trees will grow better.5. 本题考查asked的用法，原句即为If you are asked, please dont tell him that Im at home.【例题2】【题干】Translation.1. 你参加了昨天举行的会议吗？(held)2. 从日本引进的那些机器已不再先进了。(introduced)3. 他们在