翻译第二讲 分合译法(2).doc

5翻译英语句子时，在不少情况下需要将原来的句子结构作较大的调整。 分句法(division)和合句法(combination)是改变原文句子结构的两种重要法方法。所谓分句法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子。合句法是指把原文中两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。一、分句法(一)把原句中的一个单词译成句子，使原文中的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。：1.副词单句1） Developing countries seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.发展中国家似乎为他们在经济上取得的成绩而自豪，这是合乎情理的。2）Those Chinese scientists in Silicon Valley are understandably proud of their achievements.这些在硅谷工作的科学家对他们取得的成就感到很自豪，这是可以理解的。3）Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in other countries than I can possibly get here in the Unite States.顺便提一下，我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。4）They,not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。2.形容词单句1）A naive projection of their past growth rates into the future was likely to greatly over-state their real prospects.若以过去的增长率来预测未来，会显得考虑欠妥，因为那种预测会严重夸大未来的实际增长。2）That region was the most clearly identifiable trouble spot.那个地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家都容易看得出来的。3）He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial.长期以来，他的同事们虽然看不起他，却还有些亲切感；现在，亲切感也不再有了。3.名词单句1）And a growing minority of Western intellectuals agreed.越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，虽然从数量上说，他们仍是少数。2）As a place to live, it left much to be de- sired. As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.作为居住地，这里有许多不足之处；但作为新型飞机的秘密训练基地却是很理想的。它地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活动3）He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.他摇了摇头，双目圆睁，然后眯成一条线，脸上露出愤怒的神色。（二）将原文中的一个短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。1.分词短语1）They were at home in the home of their friends，moving confidently without fear.他们在朋友家里感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。2）Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking the shadows.阳光照在所能透过的地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。3）she sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at the corner of the little kitchen. 她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着小厨房的一角。2.名词短语1）I wrote four books in the first three years, a record never touched before.我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。2）energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。3.介词短语单句1) Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。2) He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，时机正合适。(三)把原文的一个句子拆译成两个或两个以上的句子：1）But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.但是，如果该地区再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。2）She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.她已经试了几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。3）Sometimes Mrs.Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat.有时，克罗斯太太一面在厨房里走来走去，一面看他吃饭。4）My father was not wrong in judging me too young to manage business of importance.我父亲认定我太年轻，办不了大事。他算是没有说错。二、合句法合并译法亦称化零为整法，主要是根据行文紧凑、简练的原则，将两句或数句并译成一句。(一)把原文中的两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句。1）This novel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a pot-boiler.这部小说纯属胡编乱造，没有多大文学价值。2）A man in a newish suburb feels that he has one foot in the city and one in the country. As this is the kind of compromise he likes, he is happy.住在新郊区的人，觉得一只脚在城里，一只脚在乡下，非常开心，因为这种城乡折衷之地是他喜欢的。3）he was very clean. His mind was open.他为人单纯而坦率。(二)把原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句。1）He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant，but he did not like his brother，who was aloof and arrogant.他喜欢热情文雅的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。2）When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.谈判时我总是有点紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。3）Im blest if I know.我一点儿也不知道。(三)把原文中的并列复合句译成一个单句。1）From Florence the river Arno ran down to Pisa, and then it reached the sea.阿诺河从佛罗伦萨流经比萨入海。2）The time was 10：30, and traffic on the street was light.十点三十分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。三、分合并举翻译是一项综合思维活动，因此，翻译方法的采用也往往不是单一的，而是几种方法同时并用，相辅相成。分合并举，就是如此。请看下面的例子：1. Confucius was a believer in moral action and in what we today call human development. He advocated the establishment of harmony within the social order.孔夫子信仰道德行为，信仰我们今天所说的人的发展，提倡在社会秩序内建立和谐。文中的believer被分译成两个信仰，而提倡构成的动宾结构代替了原文的第二句，与第一句合并，共用一个主语。2. Although the size of the task waiting to be carried out is daunting and there are many hurdles to be overcome, it would be wrong to end my addr