高考阅读一步登天大技巧.doc

高考阅读一步登天大技巧：五大常考考点 第一点：开头结尾常考 在高中阶段，我们常见的文章体裁有三种，分别是记叙文、说明文、议论文。记叙文开头交待文章的时间、地点、人物关系，结尾往往总结出文章的主旨抑或有几句含金量很高的句子，可以作为推断题细节题滋生的天然土壤。说明文开头总写，每段第一句话总写该段段意，最后一段下结论，总结全文。议论文开头引出话题抑或提出论点，最后一段总结论点。从中同学们可以看出，无论是记叙文、说明文、议论文，文章中最重要最帅气的段落，往往是开头结尾，所以对于开头结尾我们一定要认真理解，尤其是文章中的最后一段的最后一句话。 例文： All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough mineral, vegetable, and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world. 1. The author wants to tell us_. A. that scientists try to measure the ocean depths B. that scientists try to make use of resources C. that the plant and animal life in the ocean remain unknown D. that scientists try to explore life in the ocean and make use of it 点评：这是一道主旨题，通过文章的最后一段我们可以知道，正确答案是D。这题我我们也可以利用十大无赖原则中的综合选项原则，只读选项发现D选项是A、B选项的综合，所以D选项正确的概率比较高。 第二点：因果关系常考 一篇文章中出现because/for/since/so/as a result等表示原因抑或结果的词引导的语句，往往含金量非常得高，是出题老师出细节题的最爱。 例文： Fus soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. Once a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “Ill tell you,” Fu said. “But if your restaurant going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. “ 1. The food is called brains because A. it looks like brains B. it has animal brains in it C. Fus mother liked the name D. it makes one clever and live longer 2. Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food, one of the things he demanded was that A. the restaurant shouldnt offer any other food B. the restaurant should use his mothers name C. the shape of the food must never be changed D. the food must be used to help sick people 点评：这同样是一篇文章的最后一段，出现了两道题目，而且第一题可以通过文中because of its shape and colour.选择正确答案A。第二题这有最后一句话after my mother以母之名，可知选择B。第三点：转折关系常考 我们在听力中经常听到某个男孩子约女孩子出去玩，女孩子一般回答。Id love to, but I am busy now.显然强调的不是Id love to而是but I am busy now.阅读中也是一样，出现but/however/whereas等表示转折的词引导的语句往往成为细节题的出题点。 例文： All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface. Gradually they succeeded, Cousteau, a Frenchman, was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week. 1. Which of the following statements is true? A. The early divers could not stay down for very long B. Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratory C. The purpose of undersea laboratories is to make plans for the resources in the ocean D. It is easy to explore the plant and animal life in the deep ocean 点评：通过文章中的All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long我们可以知道正确答案是A。而其中的B选项可以利用十大无赖原则中的绝对化选项原则将其排除，因为出现only等绝对化的选项过于极端，往往是错误选项。 第四点：比较关系常考 这点同学们平时注意得很少，但是如果同学们有心，可以回去看一看你们考过的卷子就会发现比较关系出现的地方，十之八九都会有考题出现，当然这里的比较关系及包括了比较级也包括了最高级。原因很简单，比较关系涉及几个事物之间的比较，能够很好的说明事物的特征，这样的句子，对于出题老师来说具有很大的诱惑力。 例文： Along the way, Pittsburgh University has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Boy students send out more heat than girl students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It sounds rather reasonable to draw the following conclusion that the hottest prospect for the Pittsburgh University would be a hardworking, overweight boy student who is very clever in the university. 1. Which of the following persons would produce the least heat? A. A fat boy students who is clever and studies hard B. A thin girl students who is not clever and does not study hard C. A thin boy students who is clever and studied hard D. A fat girl students who is both clever and hardworking 2. In the last sentence, the “hottest prospect” refers to A. the person who produces the most heat B. the person who suffers most from heat C. the person who takes in the most heat D. the person who bears the most heat 点评：由原文中比较级出现的部分不难得出第一题答案为B, 第二题答案为A 第五点：数字关系常考 文章中的数字，表明时间、特征量间的数量关系，对于说明事物特征具有文字所不能及的作用。 例文： In the United States Government, the laws are made by the Congress, which has the House of Representatives and the Senate. They are almost equal in power. The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years, and the number from each state is determined by the population of the state. 1. The House of Representatives has more members than the Senate. A. 100 B. 435 C. 535 D. 335 点评：由原文The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years可知答案为D。文中出现的数字为100和435，运用了减法。数字题往往需运用简单的四则运数，但是绝对不可能出现开平方，求微分等高级的数学运算。做题首用直接法 高考英语考点分析与答题技巧高考试题库 发布时间:2011-03-09 20:13:53 浏览次数 0 一、单项选择题解题指导通 读题干，不放过半点信息，尤其要注意暗示时间的词语和句中暗示句子结构的标点。做题时首用直接法，然后用排除法和比较法。所谓直接法，就是在读题时大脑即 刻想到的并一眼能够在选项中看到的答案。这种方法既准确又快。所谓排除法，就是把比较明显的认错误选项排除掉。然后把学过的知识与老师的讲解集合起来，再 用上平时做题是的经验和教训，比较余项间的差异，最后得出正确选项。二、完形填空解题技巧1.充分利用首句信息完形填空题首句往往不设空，往往是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，要充分利用完形填空题首句的提示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维。2.多角度的逻辑推理完形填空题的解题过程首先是一个阅读的过程，必须把握作者的思路，通过联想、推测等方法，多换角度去思考问题，使自己的思维模式与作者的思维模式相吻合。3.从上下文寻找线索通读全文，理顺大意，根据上下文找出信息词是做好完形填空题的关键。近年高考试 题逐渐摈弃单纯的语言分析考查，而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断。就空格而言，体现了以实词为主、虚词为辅的特点，而且几乎不暴露明显的语言错误，词语在特定的 语境中所表达的陷含信息大都无法只凭字面或单从个别句子甚至若干句子的表面理解获知。因此，只有借助于上下文乃至全文语境的启示或限定才能够准确作出判 断。4.利用语法分析解题对 语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的命题角度之一。对于这种题，要针对地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成份、 哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用 等一系列问题。5.利用文化背景和生活常识解题做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。6.习惯用法和词语辨析对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。而在众多的习语当中，介词往往扮演最活跃的角色，其次是副词。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势，多为常用词、词组。7.语篇标志的利用语 篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，如：表示结果层次的语篇标志firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus, therefore, so等；表示改变话题的有by the way等；表示时间关系的有before, so far, yet, now, later等。如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。三、阅读理解四类题型的提问方式及解题技巧1.细节题型【提问方式】Wh-特殊问句； From the text.,According to.,True/not true,划线词语、句子，简单计算、排列事件顺序、识图等。【解题方法】抓住提问中的关键字眼，仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。注意排除下列干扰项：(1)扩缩范围文 章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及到数量时常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally等限制.有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。(2)偷换概念命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。(3)正误并存在一干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。2.主旨大意题型【提问方式】What s the topic/subject of the text/the second paragraph？What is stated in.? The text is cheifly concerned with_。【解题方法】(1)最常用的方法是仔细研读短文的1、2两句-即短文的主题句，或辅以阅读各段的第1、2句-即段落中心句。此方法多适用于说明文、议论文。(2)记叙文等需要通读全文，抓住关键事或论题来归纳意思(常说明一个道理)。(3)全文末尾(段)找答案。此类文章的特点是以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点。在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误：概括不够(多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小)；过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；以事实或细节代替抽象具体的大意。3.推理判断题型【提问方式】The story suggests that_. It can be inferred that_。The story implies that _. It can be concluded that _。We can learn that _。【解题方法】推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。学生不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思，更重要的是要知道文章的潜在涵义。【注意点】(1)那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。(2)推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。(3)不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。4.词义猜测题 利用构词法猜词；利用语境及逻辑关系猜词。有时完全可以利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时特 别留心某些词语，例如：or, that is, in other words, including, although, but, or, even if, on the other hand, on the contrary, other than, rather than, more than, instead of等词语之后的内容。四、书面表达题思路点拨1.认真审题，明确要求1)审文体。首先要弄清写何种体裁的文章。体裁有记叙文，应用文，议论文等。应用文又包括书信，通知，日记，便条等。2)审人称。即要弄清书面表达要用第一人称，第二人称，还是第三人称。3)审时态。记叙文尤其日记多以一般过去时为主，说明文和议论文多以一般现在时为主。2.紧扣主题，组织要点书面表达评分的主要依据是内容，因此在认真审题，弄清题意的基础上，要逐个地完整无缺地把内容要点列出来，对于以图画或图表为内容的提示，更要仔细观察。写作时必要的细节要紧扣主题，发挥要适度，不要太随意。3.选词造句，表达准确一 篇好的文章，要尽可能使用较多的词语和句式结构，如：从句、非谓语动词结构、插入语、谚语、倒装句、强调句、被动结构和其他常见句型。 如：1.Many people believe that we should keep our own tradition不如换成It is widely believed that we should keep our own tradition. 2.This is the best hotel you can find here可以改为You cant find a better hotel here或Nowhere else can you find a better hotel. 3.We can solve the problem only when everybody takes action不如改为：Only when everybody takes action can we solve the problem会更好。4.整理成篇，行文连贯一篇好的书面表达要有合理的段落层次，让人感觉条理清新，易得高分。每一段落要有一个主题句和几个支撑句。一般文章有三段：主题段-提出问题或论点；发展段-围绕主题讨论、论据或列举；结尾段-得出结论，即论证。为 了使文章结构紧凑，自然流畅，段落之间要使用适当的过度语；句子之间要使用合理的逻辑衔接词。如：It was very noisy, I could hardly go to sleep.这句话可以修改为：It was so noisy that I could hardly go to sleep / I could hardly go to sleep because it was very noisy / As a result of the noise, I could hardly go to sleep / With so much noise, I could hardly go to sleep等等。5.书面表达注意事项：卷 面要干净，字迹要工整。阅卷者首先是凭印象