2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语模拟卷8.doc

2020年普通高等学校招生统一考试英语卷(八)(时间：100分钟，满分：120分)第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。a (2019江西省三校联考)a new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to“read” human personalities.the eyes，they say，are the windows to the soul.and if that is true，computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算法) may soon have the ability to peer into your soul.that is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality，conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the university of south australia and published in the scientific journal frontiers in neuroscience.“eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，”wrote the researchers，led by university of south australia neuroscientist tobias loetscher，whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements，then determined their personality traits with“wellestablished questionnaires”for determining the personality type，according to a summary of the study published by the site science daily.the researchers fed the data into their ai algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a persons major personality traits，such as“neuroticism，extraversion(外向)，agreeableness，conscientiousness，as well as curiosity”，the scientists wrote.“the new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other hightech devices，even robots，allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，”loetscher said.“people are always looking for improved，personalized services.todays robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to nonverbal information，“loetscher said in a statement quoted by the indian express.this research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural，and better at interpreting human social signals.”the study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies，according to a summary in britains daily mail newspaper.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一项人工智能计算机和机器人通过读人眼球的运动从而一窥人的个性的研究。1what do the underlined words“peer into”in paragraph 2 probably mean?aunderstand. bstare at.csearch for.dconcern about.a考查词义猜测。根据第二段第一句“the eyes，they say，are the windows to the soul”，并结合对第一段的整体理解可推知，此处peer into与第一段中的“read”呼应，故选a。2how did the researchers conduct the research?ait was carried out in a lab.b42 subjects eye movements were recorded.cthe students daily movements were tracked.dits subjects personalities were determined by computer.b考查细节理解。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究是通过追踪42个研究对象并记录他们的眼球运动来开展的，故选b。3according to tobias loetscher，what can we know?arobots and computers are socially conscious.bpeople care less about improved，personalized services.ctodays robots and computers can accustom to nonverbal information.dthe discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.d考查细节理解。根据对倒数第三段的整体理解可知，这项研究发现有助于改善人类和机器的互动，故选d。b (2019安徽省示范高中模拟)weve been covering standing desks for a long time now because experts agree that sitting all day is killing us.we want to be productive while also keeping our bodies healthy.over the years，there have been several solutions to this from fixed standing desks to adjustable ones，portable desks to ones that change into shelves.however，the most hightech and elegant solution has to be this new smart desk called the stir kinetic desk.the desk learns your daily behavior and moves between a sitting and standing height regularly throughout the day to keep you moving without interrupting your work flow.you can program specific sitting and standing intervals or let the desk set the schedule.if you tend to sit while returning emails in the morning，but always want to stand during that afternoon conference call，the desk will learn those regular habits and adjust the schedule to fit them.of course，the desk can always be manually lowered or raised by using the touchscreen on the lower left corner of the desk.when switching positions，the desk gently dips and rises to let you know that a change is coming up.if youre not ready to switch positions at that time，you can tap the touchscreen to stay sitting or standing for a while longer.the builtin touchscreen also keeps track of your daily sitting and standing times and tells you how many calories youve burned.you can even set goals for how long or how often you want to stand.the desk also works with fitness devices like the fitbit to track your movements.all of that smart technology doesnt come cheap though.the m1 desk，which is the everyday model，runs a steep $2，990，while the more executive model with added features，the f1，goes for $4，190.while expensive，its worth that thinking of how much time we spend at our desks.much like a good mattress(床垫)，a good desk that works with you is worth the investment.hopefully in a few years these smart，integrated desks will be more common and less expensive.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型智能办公桌：能根据人的习惯自动设定其坐着和站着时的不同高度。该产品虽然价格昂贵，但是值得购买。4the stir kinetic desk has been designed to ahelp users with their workbkeep users moving all the timecget users to exercise while workingdremind users of their working schedulec考查推理判断。根据笫二段第二句“the desk learns your daily behavior and moves between a sitting and standing height regularly throughout the day to keep you moving without interrupting your work flow”可知，这种办公桌可以了解你的日常行为，每天有规律地在你坐着和站着时的高度之间调整，让你在不影响工作流程的情况下保持移动。据此可以判断，这种办公桌旨在让使用者在工作时得到锻炼，故c项正确。5which is the feature of the touchscreen of the desk?ait can tell users when to change positions.bit can track users changes of positions.cit can keep users in a fixed position.dit can detect users health condition.b考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句“the builtin touchscreen also keeps track of your daily sitting and standing times and tells you how many calories youve burned”可知，内置的触摸屏还可以了解你每天坐着和站着的时间，并告诉你燃烧了多少卡路里。据此可知，这种内置触摸屏跟踪使用者的姿势变化，故b项正确。6which of the following can best describe the desk?aproductive but challenging.bconvenient but unaffordable.ccomplex and impractical.dmultifunctional and intelligent.d考查推理判断。根据文章内容可知，这种办公桌能了解你的行为习惯并以此来调整高低，且能告诉你燃烧了多少卡路里，并结合最后一段最后一句中的“these smart，integrated desks”可推知，这种办公桌是多功能的、智能的，故d项正确。【干扰项分析】a项意为“多产的但是具有挑战性的”，b项意为“方便的但是买不起的”，c项意为“复杂而不实用的”，都与文意不符。c (2019郑州市质量预测)are you a procrastinator(拖延者)？its a common problem.and it can be harmful，as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower wellbeing，reported the association for psychological science in the us.but a new study has found a way to deal with this problem：be more connected to your future self.psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people：“present me”and“future me”“people act as if they prefer their current selves needs and desires to those of their future selves，”wrote psychologists neil lewis and daphna oyserman.oyserman and lewis decided to try to find a way to make “present me” imagine exactly how“future me”would feel the night before a big paper was due，though“present me”hadnt started yet.they made“present me”think about a faroff event a number of days away，not months or years.thinking about events in this way meant that something like a friends wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.the researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years.for example，participants imagined they had a newborn child，and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days.the researchers found those in the“days”condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the“years”condition.so if you think of your life in days instead of years，you may get things done quicker.【语篇解读】本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。7what did oyserman and lewis intend to do through their study?ato work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.bto find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.cto discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of wellbeing.dto prove its helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.d考查细节理解。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，oyserman和lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选d。8the underlined part“this way”in paragraph 4 refers to“ ”asetting up tough deadlinesbfollowing schedules strictlyccounting in smaller units of timedimagining how your future self will feelc考查推理判断。承接第三段最后一句“they madepresent methink about a faroff event a number of days away，not months or years”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选c。9what helps prevent people from procrastinating?acomparing their future selves with present selves.bconsidering their current selves needs and desires.cthinking about faroff events in days rather than years.dmarking important events on a calendar as a reminder.c考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“so if you think of your life in days instead of years，you may get things done quicker”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选c。10what does the passage mainly talk about?aa way to get things done in time.bthe harmful effects of procrastination.cthe reason to overlook future needs and desires.dthe way to reduce stress and improve happiness.a考查主旨大意。根据第一段最后一句“but a new study has found a way to deal with this problem：be more connected to your future self”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选a。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2019湖南省五市十校联考)cold weather during winter months may keep many people from leaving home and running in the open air.however，a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. 11 many people say running in winter can be difficult.one reason is the low temperature. 12 yet many runners might find it easier than running in hot weather.that could be because lower temperatures reduce stress on the body.when you run in cold weather，your heart rate and the bodys dehydration(脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions. 13 this information comes from john brewer，who is a professor of applied sports science at st.marys university.for this study，he and other researchers put a group of people into a special room.the researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room. 14 brewer says he and his team recorded biological measurements of the runners.he says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing.wear gloves on your hands. 15 and especially，wear more than one layer of clothing to keep sweat away from your skin.athe other reason is the bitter winds.bwe have good reasons to run in winter.cwear shoes that will keep you from falling.ddont be nervous when you run in cold weather.ethe body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather.fin fact，running in cold weather helps improve ones performance.gthe test subjects were asked to run 10，000 meters under both conditions each.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，在冷天我们心率较低，身体需要的水分较少，冷天更适合跑步。在冷天跑步时应当穿上合适的衣服，戴上手套，穿上防止跌倒的鞋子。11d根据空处前一句“however，a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run”可知，气温下降是适合跑步的一个原因；空处起连接上下文的作用，故d项“当你在冷天跑步时，不必紧张”符合语境。12a根据空处前两句“many people say running in winter can be difficult.one reason is the low temperature”可知，许多人认为在冬天跑步是困难的，一个原因是温度低；据此可推知，空处应是介绍另一个原因，即有刺骨的寒风，故选a项。13e根据空处前一句“when you run in cold weather，your heart rate and the bodys dehydration(脱水) levels are lower than in warmer conditions”可知，在寒冷的天气跑步，你的心率和身体脱水程度要比在比较暖和的条件下跑步低；据此可推知，空处应进一步说明在冷天适合跑步的原因，即在冷天跑步身体需要更少的水，故e项与此处匹配。14g根据空处前一句“the researchers then recreated summer and winter weather conditions in the room”可知，研究人员在房间里再现了夏天和冬天的天气情况；据此可推知，下文应是介绍研究人员要求参加试验的人到房间里分别在两种天气条件下进行跑步试验，故g项符合语境。15c根据该段第一句“he says that the most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing”可知，该段主要讲述在冷天跑步应当穿合适的衣服；结合空处前一句“wear gloves on your hands”可知，要戴上手套；据此可推知，空处与此对应，故c项“穿上防止跌倒的鞋子”符合语境。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2019合肥市质检)greenberg was a lucky guy to enter columbia university on a full scholarship.but just before junior year，greenbergs 16 changed.one day his vision“ 17 up” and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)then doctors operated on greenbergs eyes. 18 ，the surgery didnt work.greenberg was going blind.he was so 19 that he refused to see anyone.as greenbergs best friend，arthur persuaded greenberg to go back to columbia university and 20 to be his“reader”arthur read 21 to him every day，taking time out from his own study，and greenberg 22 scoring straight as.still，he was 23 about getting alone and relied on his friend.then，one afternoon，greenberg and arthur went to midtown manhattan.when it was time to go back to campus，arthur said he couldnt 24 him because of an appointment. greenberg 25 they argued，and arthur walked off， 26 greenberg alone in grand central terminal.greenberg，who was completely 27 ，stumbled(蹒跚而行)through the rushhour crowd.he took a shuttle train west to times square，and then transferred to an uptown train.four miles later，he 28 at the columbia university stop.at the gate of the university，someone 29 him.“oops，excuse me，sir”greenberg 30 the voice.it was arthurs.greenbergs first reaction was 31 ，but in the next second，he realized what he had just 32 and realized，too，who had made it possible. 33 ，arthur had been with him the whole day，using one of the most 34 strategies.blindness doesnt make greenberg fail to appreciate the 35 of life.he always says he is the luckiest man in the world.【语篇解读】greenberg是哥伦比亚大学的一名优秀学生，他因患青光眼而失明，因此不愿见任何人。幸运的是，在好朋友arthur的帮助下，他克服了困难，重新找到了生活的美好。16a.faith battitude cfortune dreputationc根据空前一句“greenberg was a lucky guy to enter columbia university on a full scholarship”和空后一句中的“he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，此处表示greenberg的命运(fortune)发生了变化。故正确答案为c。17a.lit bsteamed ccleared dcheeredb根据空后的“and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，一天，他的视力变得模糊。故正确答案为b。18a.otherwise bmoreoverctherefore dhoweverd根据空前一句“then doctors operated on greenbergs eyes”和空后的“the surgery didnt work”可知，前后句是转折关系。however“但是，然而”符合语境。otherwise“否则”；moreover“而且，此外”；therefore“因此，所以”。19a.shy bdesperate cselfish dnervousb根据空前一句“greenberg was going blind”可知，他是如此绝望(desperate)以至于拒绝见任何人。故正确答案为b。20a.offered bpretended chappened dlearneda根据下文“arthur read to him every day，taking time out from his own study”可知，arthur说服greenberg回到哥伦比亚大学，并主动提出(offer)成为他的“阅读器”。故正确答案为a。21a.letters bnewspapers ctextbooks dmagazinesc根据下文“greenberg scoring straight as”并结合语境可推知，arthur应该是给greenberg读课本(textbook)。故正确答案为c。22a.ended up bcarried oncimagined dconsidereda根据语境可知，在arthur的帮助下，greenberg最终取得了全优的成绩。end up“最终处于”符合语境。故正确答案为a。23a.curious bconfident cexcited dtentatived根据本句中的“still”以及空后的“relied on his friend”可推知，他对独处感到犹豫。tentative“犹豫的”符合语境，故正确答案为d。24a.abandon brescueccomfort daccompanyd根据空后的“because of an appointment”可知，arthur因为有约会而无法陪同(accompany)他。故正确答案为d。abandon“抛弃，丢弃”；rescue“营救”；comfort“安慰”。25a.compromised bpanickedcexplained dapologizedb根据语境可知，greenberg还没有做好独处的准备，当arthur无法陪同他时，他感到惊慌失措。故正确答案为b。compromise“妥协”；explain“解释”；apologize“道歉”。26a.leaving bfinding cconsulting dservinga根据空前的“arthur walked off”可知，arthur把greenberg独自留在(leaving)纽约中央车站。故正确答案为a。27a.tired bamused cconfused dsatisfiedc根据语境并结合选项可知，对于arthur将他独自留下，他感到很困惑。confused“困惑的，糊涂的”符合语境。故正确答案为c。28a.got off bpulled overclooked around dran awaya根据空后的“at the columbia university stop”可推知，greenberg在哥伦比亚大学站下了车。故正确答案为a。29a.turned to bshouted atcknocked into dquarreled withc根据下文中的“oops，excuse me，sir”可推知，有人撞(knock into)到了greenberg。故正确答案为c。30a.raised blost ccontrolled drecognizedd根据下文中的“it was arthurs”可知，greenberg认出(recognize)了arthur的声音。故正确答案为d。31a.anger bpleasure crelief dsorrowa根据语境可知，arthur之前将他独自留下，现在又撞到了他，greenberg第一反应应是愤怒(anger)。故正确答案为a。32a.missed bquestioned cignored dachievedd根据空后的“and realized，too，who had made it possible”可知，greenberg意识到他这次能独自回到学校而不用依靠arthur，这是之前他一直犹豫而没敢去做的事情。故正确答案为d。33a.gradually bfinallycobviously dstrangelyc根据空后的“arthur had been with him the whole day，using one of the most strategies”可推知，很明显(obviously)，arthur一整天都和他在一起，用一种最巧妙的(brilliant)计策。故正确答案为c。34a.brilliant bfamiliar cdefensive dcomplexa参见上题解析。familiar“熟悉的”；defensive“防御的”；complex“复杂的”。35a.magic bbeauty cwisdom dtruthb根据全文内容以及空后一句“he always says he is the luckiest man in the world”可知，失明也未能阻止greenberg欣赏生活的美好(beauty)。故正确答案为b。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。tea is one of the most favored drinks in our life. however, the origin of tea is lo