高考英语完形填空解题技巧课件.ppt

clozetest methods skills notsolongago ifyouavoideddrinkingwaterduringaworkout youwereconsideredtough today mostexperts youwouldbeconsideredunintel ligent evenifyoudon tsweatmuchorfeel andevenifthereisanicebreeze expertssaydrinkingwaterorsomething isessentialbefore duringandafterallwarmer weather 1 a discoverb suggestc agreed fear 2 a thirstyb hungryc hotd tired3 a labourb childrenc waterd exercise4 a elseb insteadc freshd tasteful5 a seasonsb lessonsc daysd activities agree thirsty exercise 主语 activities instead 关键词 onlyafewyearsago manycoaches playersfromdrinkinganythingduringthegame theythoughtitwas forthemtorinsetheirmouths swallowinganythingmightslowthemdown now there s plentyofwateronthesidelinesforathletestodrink thenationalhockeyleagueeven goalkeeperstoputwaterbottlesontopoftheirnets 6 a excusedb discouragedc preventedd saved7 a possibleb unnecessaryc difficultd right8 a butb thenc therefored though discouraged right but 9 a seldomb foreverc usuallyd sometimes10 a allowsb promisesc forbidsd guides usually allows thesenewpractices belostontherecreationalathlete some adviseyoutodrinkabouttwocupsofwater15minutesorsoafteryou exercisingandthesameamountevery15minutes insometypesofexercise running forexample othersencouragedrinkingacuportwoofwater theworkout 11 a couldn tb wouldn tc shouldn td mustn t12 a teachersb parentsc playersd doctors13 a stopb startc giveupd beginwith14 a afterb beforec withd from shouldn t doctors start with don tdrinkanymore expertssay toomuchfluidmakes andexerciseuncomfortable in continuoushot weatherexercise cansweatandbreatheaway1 8kilogramsof anhour 15 a walkingb breathingc swallowingd drinking16 a heavyb easyc pleasantd everyday17 a apatientb adrinkerc anathleted anexpert18 a airb atmospherec oxygend water breathing heavy anathlete water drinkingwaterdoestwothings restoresome andallowsyoutokeepsweatingsotheskincanbekept doctorssaydrinkingsixoreightcupsadaycanhelpdigestion 19 a sweatb weightc breathd height20 a warmb strongc coold safe weight cool 一完形填空考什么 二 词法及词义辨析 三 固定短语搭配 一 上下文逻辑关系 四 文化背景及生活常识 1 考查的内容 考点的设计以实词 v n adj和adv 短语等 的词汇意义与搭配为主 语法项目基本不考 因此 能否做好完形填空试题的关键是 读懂短文 读懂句子 2 通过语境 上下文内容等考查词汇在具体语境中的意义为主 一词多义的考点增多 3 短文的句式结构相对复杂了 如 语序复杂 插入语 同位语 多重定语 复合句增多 4 短文的题材内容多样化 夹叙夹议 说明文 议论文等短文出现频率比较高 内容 实词 词汇意义与搭配 读懂短文 读懂句子 语境 上下文内容 在具体语境中的意义 一词多义 句式结构相对复杂 题材内容多样化 二当前完形填空的命题特点 三完形填空的解题思路 总则 在把握整体的基础上对句子内部的情况进行分析 跳过空格 通读全文 把握大意 再读全文 反复检查 结合选项 综合考虑 初定答案 瞻前顾后 先易后难 个个击破 1 看清上下文 找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句 找到对选择有提示作用的词或句 这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词 例如 1 somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow butinsomeplacesitisvery a deepb highc coldd dangerous根据转折连词but的提示 所填入的词应与shallow相反 因此答案为a 四完形填空解题技巧 2 mrso neillasked questionsandshedidn tscoldus either a nob certainc manyd moreand是一个并列连词 either为副词 用在否定句或否定词后加强语势 由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词 因此答案是a 2 寻求上下逻辑 从容确定关系ithasbeenmanyyearssinceiwaslastinlondon istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit a andb forc butd as根据句前的manyyears和句后的stillremember答案应选表示转折的连词but 3 通顺逻辑 寻求搭配注意固定的搭配 包括动词与介词的搭配 动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等 同时要根据内容选择正确的短语 例如 1 here safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself somuchmoney a forb byc tod of表示 自取 随便拿 这个意义的短语是helponeselfto 故答案为c 2 andvideocamerascanbeusedto people sactionsathome a keepb makec recordd watch句中动作的发出者是videocameras 因此答案是c 意思是 记录 4 扎实基础 理清辨异soonihearda likethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet a soundb cryc voiced shout选项中的四个词都表示不同的声音 但b c d项的三个词都是指从嗓子里发出的声音 而sound则表示各种各样的声音 因此答案是a 5 了解生活常识 确定相关知识 immediately theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe hospital a animalb biggestc plantd nearest在这样的紧急情况下 人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医 因此答案为d 要做好 完形填空 必须紧紧抓住上下文语境 充分利用上下文语境所提供的线索 上下文语境包括选择项与所在句子中的语义联系 所在句与周围句群的关系 所在句在本段中所起的作用 所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及与文章主题思想的关系等 有些选项根据上下文就能比较容易地选出 而有些则必须根据整篇文章的大意才能做出正确判断 解题误区做完形填空时 除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外 还应避免几个误区 1 单纯求快 忽略语篇理解 只看局部的词义辨析 搭配和语法结构 试图用语言知识解决所有问题 很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案 不认真分析通篇文章 表面上解题速度挺快 但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率 2 时间安排不当 在几个选项上过分纠缠 追求完美 导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做 正确的做法是由易到难 信息常识 上下呼应 搭配遣词 逻辑贯通 文中无闲句 句中无闲字 somepeoplecannotlearninordinaryschools physicalor handicappreventsachildfromlearning todaynew arebeingusedinspecialschoolstohelpthedisabled aschoolisbeing innewjersey usa itiscalledbancroft herethedisabledwillbetrainedto themselvesandtogetalongintheoutsideworld a spiritb mentalc thoughtd bodya plansb decisionsc toolsd methodsa learnb livec earnd play mental methods learn setup support 4 a turnedupb setupc searchedford longedfor5 a enjoyb teachc helpd support bancroftisnotsurroundedby ofanykind itsdirectorinsiststhatitbe sothatstudentsmaygraduallydevelop relationswiththerestoftheworld bancroftstudentswill inapartments cookingtheirownmeals andlearningtoperformother astheybecome theywillbuytheirownfurniture payingforitoutoftheirown theywillpayfortheirfood too theywilllearntoexpect billsforthecallstheymakeeverymonth 6 a trainersb studentsc treesd walls7 a freeb openc quietd different8 a specialb familiarc normald close9 a liveb studyc hided cook10 a operationsb tasksc playsd acts11 a strongb healthyc abled happy12 a handsb wealthc earningsd abilities13 a telephoneb educationc housingd food walls open normal live tasks able earnings telephone asasteptowardthegoalofbecoming eachdisabledpersonwilldecidewhatkindofworkhewantstobe todo whilesomeofthetrainingwillbe onwithinbancroftitself mostofthestudentswillreceive traininginnearbytowns theywillbetrainedbytownpeople 14 a braveb cleverc learnedd independent15 a askedb sentc trainedd made16 a takenb calledc triedd carried17 a lifeb jobc bodyd mind independent trained carried job afterthetraininghasbeen completed thestudentwillwork anassistantandwillbegintoearnmoney afterthathe