综合英语(2)Unit11课件.doc

UNIT 11How to be True to YourselfKey Structures Imperative sentences Tag questions Auxiliary verbs indicating the degree of politeness Wh-clauses as subject complementsKey Phrases sell out, at hand, in short supply, demand of, consist of, stand for, in the face of, account for, back down, a company of, engage in VOCABULARYdemonstrate v.(1)to show or prove that something exists or is true: E.G. + that The survey clearly demonstrates that tourism can have positive benefits. These problems demonstrate the importance of planning. (2) T to show someone how to do something, or how something works:e.g. She demonstrated how to use the new software.demonstration egrity N. U honesty and the ability to do or know what is morally right 正直;廉正;诚实e.g.: a woman of great integrityThe integrity of the judge is unquestioned. 这位法官的正直是毫无疑问的。 【书】wholeness完整,完全 e.g. Our integrity as a nation is threatened. 我们国家的完整性受到了威胁。 integral adj.形容词 adj. 1.构成整体所必需的; 不可或缺的 Thats an integral part of the country. 那是构成国家所必需的一部分。 She is our best player, and is integral to our team. 她是我们最好的球员, 我们队离不开她。 2.作为组成部份的 3.完整的；完备的 morality 1n. U ideas and beliefs about what is right or wrong and how people should behave道德,伦理;品行e.g.: He is a man of strict morality .他是个品行极其端正的人。sexual morality public/private/personal morality feudal fju:dl morality封建道德观conventional/traditional moralitySome leaders have blamed television for the decline in standards of morality.2. the degree to which something is right or acceptable道德规范P morality ofa discussion on the morality of abortionthe fundamental moralities of life基本的生活规范Moral adj.ethic 1countable a general idea or belief that influences peoples behaviour and attitudese.g.: The old ethic of hard work has given way to a new ethic of instant gratification.see also work ethic职业伦理 2 ethicspluralmoral rules or principles of behaviour for deciding what is right and wrong；道德学；伦理学著作e.g.: a report on the ethics of gene therapy(疗法)professional/business/medical ethics (=the moral rules relating to a particular profession) public concern about medical ethicsTelevised news is based on a code of ethics. ethical a.=moralsell out （1.+of+sth畅销；2出卖） intransitive phrasal verb if a shop, ticket office etc sells out of goods or tickets, or if goods or tickets sell out, all of them are sold so there are no more available注意不及物，无被动语态e.g.: I went to the store to get some bread but they had sold out.Sunday newspapers often sell out by 10 oclock. sell out ofe.g.: They opened at 8 oclock, and by 8.30 they had sold out of tickets for the big game. be sold out (=when all the tickets for a performance or sports event have been sold)e.g.: We couldnt get tickets anywhere - the show was completely sold out.French farmers feel theyve been sold out by their government in the negotiations.expedience n. U (ALSO expediency) when something is helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not morally acceptable适宜;方便;合算; 利己,权宜之计:e.g.: As a matter of expedience , we will not be taking on any new staff this year.I think this government operates on the basis of expediency, not of principle.expedient adj. 【FORMAL】 helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not morally acceptable:e.g.: It might be expedient not to pay him until the work is finished.The management has taken a series of expedient measures to improve the companys financial situation.（ near/close+) at hand: 【空】(1)if a building or person is close at hand, they are very near and therefore available in case you need theme.g.: The Exhibition Centre is a great day out, with plenty of parking and all the attractions of Manchester close at hand.Im very glad that, when my children were small, my mother was always close at hand. 【时】(2)Soon in time; imminent迫在眉睫；即将发生：e.g.: Retribution is at hand.惩罚就要到来.demand 【硬】 to ask for something very firmly, especially because you think you have a right to do this:e.g.: I caught Alice going through my letters and demanded an immediate explanation. 【demand to know/see/have etc something】e.g.: Lifting the phone from the desk, he demanded to know what was going on.Once in a while she sent food back to the kitchen and demanded to see the cook. 【demand that】E.G.: For their part, opposition leaders demanded that Mr Fujimori step down immediately in favour of a transition（过渡） government. 【demand sth of sb】E.G.: It seemed that no matter what she did, more was demanded of her.Where are you going? she demanded angrily. 【if one thing demands another, it needs that thing in order to happen or be done successfully 需要、要求】E.G.: Too many things demanded his attention at the same time. Its a desperate situation demanding a desperate remedy（治疗法，补救措施）.stand for （代表;为奋斗，维护；（口）容忍容许） if a letter or symbol stands for something, it represents a word or idea, especially as a short forme.g.: What does ATM （automated teller machine）stand for? to support a particular set of ideas, values, or principlese.g.: Its hard to tell what the party stands for these days. 【not stand for something】(British English) to not allow something to continue to happen or someone to do somethinge.g.: Shes been lying about me, and I wont stand for it.conviction n. C or U a strong opinion or belief:信念 e.g.: religious/moral convictionsa deep/strong/lifelong conviction+ that Its my personal conviction that all rapists should be locked away for life.in the face of（不顾（问题、困难等）；由于、因为） in the face of sth: 1.despite having to deal with a difficult situation or problem:e.g.: She left home in the face of strong opposition from her parents.We should stand firmly for our convictions in the face of personal pressure.2.As a result of sth.He was unable to deny the charge in the face of new evidence.account foraccount for sth: 1）to explain the reason for something or the cause of something:e.g.: Can you account for your absence last Friday?He has to account to his manager for (= tell his manager about and explain) all his movements.give an account of sth.2）占（数量上，比例上）eg: the Japanese market s for 35% of the companys revenue(收入) Account sth for sb/sth1) 尤指在事故之后，了解，查明AU passengers have now been d for.2)(imfml)打败，破坏，消灭Eg: our anti-aircraft have now ed five enemy bombersAccount for sth(to sb)说明钱财的处置情况，报账We habe to every penny we spend on business trips.Back(v.) down(退步) (phrasal verb) to admit that you were wrong or that you have been defeated:e.g.: Eventually, Roberto backed down and apologized.Local residents have forced the local council to back down from/on its plans to build a nightclub in their street.【重点】 credit（荣誉；信用；学分） n. U 1 praise, approval or honour:e.g.: She got no credit for solving the problem.处理了这个问题，她却并没有得到任何荣誉嘉赏。Her boss took credit for it/took (all) the credit instead. 2 be a credit to sb/sth: to do something that makes a person, group or organization feel proud or receive praise: e.g.: She is a credit to her family.We should always give others credit that is rightfully theirs.rightful （合法的，理应享有的） adj. A rightful position or claim is one which is morally or legally correct:e.g.: Dont forget that I am the rightful owner of this house.rightfully adv. e.g.: The furniture rightfully belongs to you.appoint （任命，派遣；雇佣） v. T to choose someone officially for a job or responsibility:e.g.: Hes just been appointed (as) director of the publishing division.+ to infinitive A commission has just been appointed to investigate fraud claims.appointed adj. e.g.: Id like to introduce our newly appointed members of staff.appointment noun C or U e.g.: We would like to announce the appointment of Julia Lewis as head of sales.Our department expects to make five new appointments1.约会, 约定, 预约 2.任命, 委派 3.职务；职位 (= appoint five new people) this year alone.nest 1)n.（鸟窝；巢穴；藏匿处；家，安乐窝To leave the nest(t=to leave your parentshouse)；一套物件）e.g.: Id like a nest of tables(套桌)for the living room.2）v(to make and use a nest)筑巢nesting adj.n C a set of things that are similar but different in size and have been designed to fit inside each other:I bought a set of nesting dolls（俄罗斯）套娃 in Moscow.core n. S or U1 the basic and most important part of something:e.g.: The basic lack of government funding is at the core of the problem.Concern for environment is at the core of our polices. 2 core value/belief/issue, etc. a value, belief, etc. which is basic and more important than any other: e.g.: The negotiations would focus on the core issues of the peace process. 3 core business/operations/activities the most important or largest part of a companys business activities, which it depends on in order to continue trading:e.g.: The companys core operations include entertainment and aviationn. 1.航空, 航空学 ，驾驶（飞机）技术2.航空制造业/工业. 4 core curriculum/subjects/courses the most important parts of a course of study, that all students must do 5 （参加某项活动的）一小群人 e.g. he gathered a small core of advisers around him.To the core so that the whole of a thing or a person is affected=直至核心，十足，透顶 E.g. she was shaken to the core by the news./he is a politician to the core.(十足的政客)preserve verb T 1 to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed; to conserve:保护，维护；保养e.g.: to preserve the environmentWe want to preserve the character of the town while improving the facilities.The agreement preserved our right to limit trade in endangered species.2 to treat food in a particular way so that it can be kept for a long time without going bad:保鲜 preserved fruitoranges preserved in brandy（白兰地）【 sth/sb from sth】保护/全，使继续存活：the society was set up to endangered species from extinction. Noun 1.(an activity,a job,an interest etc,that is thought to be suitable for one particular person or a group of people)专长领域+of Eg: football is no longer the of men.2.（pl.）preserves果酱；腌菜，泡菜3.a area of private land or water where animals and fish are kept for people to hunt.私人渔/猎场【同根词们】A。preservative n. 1 C or U a substance used to prevent decay in wood防腐剂: e.g.: a timber（木料，木材）/wood preservativeThe fence has been treated with preservative.2 C a chemical used to stop food from decaying:e.g.: This bread is completely free from artificial preservatives.No added preservatives.natural preservativesB。preserver .n.保护人，维护者；木材防腐剂eg: the police are the preservers of the law and orders. C. preservation 保护，维护；保存的状况等Dpreservationist 文物保护者，环境保护者conserve verb T to keep and protect something from damage, change or waste:保存；节约e.g.: To conserve electricity, we are cutting down on our central heating.The nationalists are very keenkin形容词 adj. 1.锋利的 This knife is very keen.这把小刀非常锋利。 2.热衷的, 热心的, 渴望(做某事) He is not very keen on jazz.他对爵士音乐不太感兴趣。The boy is keen to go to sea.这孩子很想去航海。The parents were keen that their daughter should become musician.父母渴望他们的女儿成为音乐家。 3.激烈的, 紧张的 4.良好的; 敏锐的, 敏捷的 She has a keen mind.她头脑机敏。My daughter is keen of hearing.我的女儿听觉灵敏。 to conserve their customs and language.Im not being lazy - Im just conserving my energy/strength for later.【同根词】conservation noun U1 the protection of plants and animals, natural areas, and interesting and important structures and buildings, especially from the damaging effects of human activity: e.g.: wildlife conservation a conservation area 保护区 2 carefully using valuable natural substances that exist in limited amounts in order to make certain that they will be available for as long a time as possible:节约e.g.: the conservation of coal/gas/oil reservesEnergy conservation reduces your fuel bills and helps the environment. conscience knns良心 n. a question/matter of conscienceYou didnt do anything wrong, you should have a clear conscience (= not feel guilty).My conscience would really trouble me if I wore a fur coat.Hes got no conscience at all (= does not feel guilty) about leaving me to do the housework.enrich to improve the quality of something, esp. by adding things to ite.g.: Add fertilizerAdj:fertile;verb:fertilize to enrich the soil. Music can certainly enrich your whole life. (喻)音乐肯定会使你的整个生活丰富多彩。 to make someone richer e.g.: The discovery of gold in the valleys will enrich the poor mountain area.山谷里发现了黄金将会使这个贫穷的山区富起来。aDj:conscientioussuccumb (反：opposite) verb I 1 to stop opposing; to give in/yield to (greater force, or strength,etc.):+诱惑，疾病，攻击等Im afraid I succumbed to temptation and had a piece of cheesecake.I felt sure it would only be a matter of time before he succumbed to my charms.拜倒在我的石榴裙下 2 to die or suffer badly from an illness:Thousands of cows have succumbed to the disease in the past few months.seduce （because its attractive） v. T usually passive to cause sb.to do sth. because it is attractive e.g.: I wouldnt normally have bought this, but I was seduced by the low price.They were seducing into buying the washing machine by the offer of a free flight to the United States. 2 If you are seduced by something, you like it because it seems attractive:Almost every visitor to Edinburgh is seduced by its splendid architecture.seduce sb into doing sth seduction n. C usually plural the attractive quality of something:The s of life in a warm climate have led many Briton英国人！s to live abroad, especially in Spain. seductive adj.诱惑的;有魅力的; (妇女)性感的 making you want to do, have or believe something, because of seeming attractive:e.g.: Television confronts the viewer with a succession名词 n.1.连续His words came out in quick succession.他的话连珠炮似地说了出来。2.连续不断的人事物The endless succession of parties wore us out.接连不断的聚会把我们累垮了。3.继承, 继任; 继承权His succession as headmaster was not in any doubt.他继任校长是确定无疑的。 of glittering and seductive images.The argumentAttention!there is not an “e” in the “argument” that sanctions should be given more time to work is seductive but fatally flawed. It was a seductive black evening dress.Rearview mirror后视镜Embody体现Get hip to sth=get familiar with sthRefuge v.避难；refugee n.难民，避难者When its tough(adj.), do it tough(adv). She is tough.(很那对付)Detailed Study of the Text ethics that does not sell out to expediency-ethics that one does not betray for the purposeOf gaining advantages or personal benefits. 2. But it is the real bottom line in every area ofsociety -But integrity is really what counts inevery part or division of society. / But it is the realfundamental thing in every activity of society. /Butit is the real basic quality in every section ofsociety. the bottom line: ( 1) the amount of money shown as profit or loss at the bottom of a set of accountse.g.: You have invested millions of dollars in the business and you come out with nothing on the bottom line.最终盈利（或亏损），损益表底线eg: the for 1999 was a pre-tax profit of $85 m. ( 2 ) the basic content, meaning , or situatione.g.: The bottom line in the debate is the increasing number of motorcycle accidents and fatalities. (3) outcome; the most important result in the ende.g.: If we make all the changes I am proposing, the bottom line is that the company will save $50 000.(4)可接受的最低价格，底价 2 t! And thats my .3. Stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure.-Firmly adhere to/stick to your sincere beliefs even when youre faced with forceful influence or strong persuasion. 4. Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs.-Always be ready and willing to give approval or praise to other people who deserve it./ Always be broad-minded enough to acknowledge and praise those who are smarter and more successful than you are.5. Be honest and open about what you really are. -Be yourself and prove yourself to be trustworthy, without hiding or covering up any unpleasing areas in your life. ,/ Be honest and open with yourself; face reality squarely and respond to lifes challenges boldly and in a mature, suitable manner.6. People who lack genuine core values- people who are without or who do not have enough truly fundamental values7. rely on: ( esp. that sth. will happen or sb. will do sth. ) ; have confidence ine.g.: I think I can come, but dont rely on it.Dont rely on the bank lending you the money.7. not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality- not yielding to the lure of the use of methods that bring the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerations8. will always win the day- will always be successful; will invariably gain victories9. without having to check our track in rearview mirror -no need to look back and examine the footmarks we have left behind. A metaphor is involved here. Metaphorically, the phrase means that it is unnecessary to recall and examine our activities or what we have done in the past so as to find out whether what we have done is right or not. rearview mirror: a mirror fixed inside the windscreen of a motor vehicle enabling the driver to see traffic, etc. behind词汇辨异MORALITYÐICSMorality means the rightness or pureness of behaviour. Ethics refers to the study of questions about what is morally right and wrong.DEMAND&ASKDemand commonly suggests a speaker in authority who bluntly insists upon being obeyed and does not intend to be contradicted, while ask means to call on somebody for an answer or to request