生长发育和小儿喂养(7年制)

1 Chapter2GrowthandDevelopment 2 definition Growthanddevelopmentrepresentsamatureprocessfromzygote 受精卵 toadult Actuallyithavebeenstretchedtolifeend Soitiscontinousinteractionofbiologicprocessesandenvironmentalfactorsthatareinitiatedatconceptionandterminateatdeath 3 growth Growthimpliesaphysicalchange Aquantitychange relatedmeasurevalue Morphologicalgrowth serveasindicatorofdevelopment 4 development Developmentstandsfordifferentiationandmaturationoffunctions Aqualitychange Quantityaccumulatingtoadegreeimplyaqualitychange 5 Development Developmentsuggestsachangeormodificationincapacitytofunction Changeofquality quantity quality growth development 6 lawofgrowthanddevelopment It sacontinuousandstageprocessThere rediversespeedinthedevelopmentamongdifferentsystems GenerallawofgrowthanddevelopmentThereareobviousindividualdifferenceofgrowthanddevelopment 7 Factorsinfluencinggrowthanddevelopment HeredityprenatalenvironmentPostnatalenvironmentEndocrinesystem 5endEukrain NutritionDisease 8 Growthanddevelopmentindex WeightStatusstandingheightsittingheightHeadcircumferenceChestcircumferenceUpperarmcircumferenceProportionofbody 9 1 PhysicalgrowthWeight3Kg birth 600 750g 1m 800 1000g 1 3m 600 800g 3 6m 700g m 250 300g 6 9m 200 250g 9 12m 9k250g m 10 1 Weight birthweight 3kg 6mo 3 Birthweight mo 0 7kg 7th 12thmo 6 kg mo 0 25kg 2nd 12thyr yr 2 7 or8kg 11 Growthspeedismuchslowerafter2thyear Untilthe2thsurge itincreasesagain 2 Height length 50cm birth 2 5cm m 6m 1 1 5cm 6m 1y 75cm 1y 25cm 12 Height length birth 50cm 1styr 75cm 2nd 12thyr yr 7 70cm 13 14 3 Headcircumference birth 34cm 1styr 46cm 2ndyr 48cm 5yr 50cm15yr 54cm 15 16 microcephaly 17 18 hydrocephalus 19 4 Chestcircumference birth 32cm 1yr 46cm headsize 2yr chestsize Headsize yr 1 20 2 Skeletaldevelopment 1 Cranium Anteriorfontanelclosedtime 1st 1 5thyr Posteriorfontanelclosedtime 4t 6thwk 21 2 Spinalcolumn threecurves formedtime 1stcurve cervicalvertebra forward 3rdmo 2ndcurve thoracicvertebra backward 6thmo 3rdcurve lumbarvertebra forward 1styr 22 Cervicalcurve Thoraciccurve Lumbarcurve 23 3 Skeletalage WristossificationcenterBirth no Onset 3rdmo Complete 10thyr Number 10 1 9yrnumber age 1 24 4year old 25 9year old 26 3 Dentaldevelopment Milktooth densdeciduousOnset 7th 8th mo Complete 2 5yr Number 20 2yr Number mo 4 6 27 Milkteeth 28 Genitalsystem HPGA hypothalamuspituitarygonadotrophinandgrowthhormoneaxis AppearancechangePhysiologicalchangemenstruation 月经 spermatorrhea 遗精 29 Appearanceatpuberty 30 Neuropsychicdevelopment FeelingMotion LanguagePsychologicaldevelopment 31 grossmotorandfinemotor 32 33 34 MotiondevelopmentGrossmotor lifthead 3msitting 6mcreep 7 8mstance 8 9 mwalkalong 15m 35 MotiondevelopmentFinemotor graspobject 3 4mtransfersobjects 6 7mthumb fingergrasp 9 10mscribbles 12 15m 36 Chapter5 NutritionandnutritionDisorderDiseaseChildFeeding 37 PurposeandDemand Tograsptheadvantageofbreastmilkfeedingandtheinfantfeedingmethod Tofamiliarizethemetabolismcharacteristicandrequiredvalueofthechildnutritionsubstance Toself studytheassistantfoodforinfant 38 THECOMPONENTSOFNUTRIENTS 1 Energy2 MacronutrientsProteinFatCarbohydrate3 MicronutrientsMineral Traceelements Vitamine4 OthernurtientsDietaryfiberWater 39 EnergyRequirements Metabolismfeatures 1 Basalmetabolism2 Thermiceffectoffood TEF Specificdynamicaction3 Activityrequirement4 Requirementofgrowthanddevelopment5 Caloriclossintheexcreta 40 41 InfantFeeding BreastfeedingArtificial BottlefeedingMixedfeeding Particiallybreastfeeding 42 BreastFeeding Colostrumthemilkwithin5daysofdeliveryLittlevolume yellowcolor thick Abundantprotein SIgA Whey IgM IgG C3 C4 LessFatVitamine FullmineralandtaurineImmunoCompetentcell 43 TransitionalMilk6 10daysafterdelivery IncreasedvolumeHighestfatDecreasedproteinandmineralRemarkablydecreaseinSIgA Whey IgM IgG C3 C4 44 Maturemilk11days 9monthsafterdelivery Highestvolume 700 1000ml day MuchlessproteinLaterperiodmilk 10monthsafterdelivery 45 IngredientofMilk ProteinWheyprotein Caseinprotein 7 3largelactoferrin lactalbuminIgAandlysozymelipaseandproteolyticenzyme 46 Fat MainlyLongchainfattyacid51 unsaturatedfattyacidRichinlinolenicacidandlinoleicacidTracearachidonicacidandDHAHighcholestrol 47 Carbohydrate MainlyislactoseGlycolipid glycoprotein oligosaccharide 48 VitamineandMineral Breastmilkcanprovideanyvitaminsthatainfantneedwithin12months exceptVitDandVitKMineral LowmineralCa P 2 1 49 Immuneingredient lactoferrin ImmunoglobulinLysozymeImmunocompetentcellEnhanceinfantfunctionofimmunesystem 50 AdvantagesofBreastfeeding 1 Richnutrition andeasytoabsorb2 Containhighimmunocompetentcell enhanceinfantimmunesystemtodefenseinfectiousdiseases3 Appropriatetemperatureandmilksecretionvolume fresh non pollution economic simplifiedprocedure 51 4 Promptparent subsidiarycommunication5 Stimulatethecontractionofuterus helpingmotherrecover6 Decreasechancetogetbreastcancer AdvantagesofBreastmilkfeeding 52 BreastFeedingMethods TheinfantandthemothershouldstayinthesameroomFeedingaccordingtotheinfantdemandsTimeofcommencefeedingwithin1hourafterdelivery