语法专题七：虚拟语气.doc

语法专题七：虚拟语气1. 规则虚拟：即含if 从句的复合句，表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为：时间if从句主句对将来did(were) / were to + do / should + dowould / could / might / should + do对现在did(were)同上对过去had donewould / could / might / should + have done注意：1) 交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。2) 虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。3) 虚拟中的倒装：如if从句中含should, had, were等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。 4) 介短、副词代替if从句：如without, but for, in the absence of (如果没有), or, otherwise2. 表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词 + 名从中的虚拟，从句动词:(should) do 适用词群：advise, ask, demand, desire, direct(指导，要求), insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟名从。 注意：当insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要用陈述语气，即实际时态。3. wish等词 + 从句：从句时态向后退一格： 即表示现在、将来用did / were / was; 表示过去用had done。适用词群：wish, as if /though, If only(要就好了), would rather, It is (about / high) time 等。4. 情态动词 + have done 表虚拟：should / ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意） could / might have done 本可以做（实际未做） neednt have done 本没必要做 (实际做了)would like / love to have done would rather have done 本来想要做某事(但未做)had better have done 5. 句型：1) If it were not for, I would / should / might / could + do “要不是，我现在就。”（对现在的虚拟） If it had not been for, I would / should / might / could + have done. “要不是，我当时就。”（对过去的虚拟） 2) It is important / necessary / natural / strange + 从句 It is a shame / pity / no wonder+ 从句. 以上从句谓语动词皆为：(should) do 3) had hoped / expected / intended / planned /+ to do 本希望 / 打算做(但未做成)巩固练习：1. -If he _, he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken2. _ computer not be used tomorrow, it would take us a long time to do the job.A. Should B. Were C. Had D. May3. The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year.A. has B. have C. will have D. shall have4. Their words suggested they _ tired, and I suggest we _ the further training.A. are; put off B. were; put off C. had; put off D. were; shall put off5. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. He acted as if he _ the boss.A. should have given; were B. might have given; had been C. may have given; had been D. may give; was6. His proposal is that the machine _ at once.A. is stopped B. would be stopped C. be stopped D. is being stopped7. -Where _? -I got stuck in the heavy traffic, or I _ here earlier.A. did you go; had arrived B. were you; would comeC. are; was D. have you been; would have been8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow9. The doctor insisted that the patient _ seriously ill and _ operated on at once. A. be; be B. was; was C. was; be D. be; was10. -Have you visited the Great Wall of China? -No, but I wish I _. A. will B. had C. have D. did11. -Shall I tell them the news? -No, I would rather they _ know it. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. didnt12. As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning. A. neednt B. maynt C. cant D. mustnt13. Isnt it time that you _ someones life _ easier? A. will make; a bit B. made; a lot of C. made; a bit D. have; a little14. - I thought you were coming back from Shanghai next week. - Oh, I _ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. A. would have intended B. intend C. had intended D. have intended15. - Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? - I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what16. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone17. - How I want to have studied harder when I was in school. - If you had, you _ work into late every day nowadays. Anyhow, better late than never. A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. wont18. Without your help, our team _ the last match. A. wont win B. will lose C. wouldnt have won D. cant have lose19. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A.