热力学相关单词.doc

thermodynamics n. 热力学system n. 体系thermodynamic state 热力学状态dimension 量纲SI= International System of Units 国际单位制intensive thermodynamic variable 强度（热力学）变量extensive thermodynamic variable 广度（热力学）变量celsius scale 摄氏刻度 fahrenheit scale 华氏刻度kelvin scale 开尔文刻度 Rankine scaledead-weight gauge 静压、压力表mano meter （流体）压力计product 乘积kinetic energy动能 potential energy势能conservation守恒* Terms in chapter 2sublimation curve 升华线fusion curve 熔融线vaporization curve （蒸发）汽化线single-phase region 单相区triple point 三相点univariant 单变量divariant 多变量critical point 临界点critical pressure 临界压力critical temperature 临界温度dome-shaped curve 圆拱形曲线saturated vapors at their condensation temperatures 露点的饱和蒸汽saturated liquids at their vaporization(boiling) temperatures 泡点的饱和液体vapor pressure 蒸汽压subcooled-liquid region 过冷液体区superheated-vapor region 过热蒸汽区partial derivative 偏导数differentiate v. 求微分，求导 differentiation n.derivate n. 求导数 derivation 求导数，求解incompressible fluid 不可压缩流体ideal-gas 理想气体simple fluid 简单流体 （argon、krypton、xenon）virial expansion 维里展开式virial coefficients 维里系数virial equation 维里方程equation of state 状态方程compressibility factor 压缩因子 volume expansivity 体积膨胀系数isothermal compressibility 等温压缩系数 acentric factor 偏心因子isothermal process 等温过程isobaric process 等压过程isochoric process 等容过程adiabatic process 绝热过程polytropic process 多变过程throttling process 节流过程 truncate equation to two terms 截断方程前二项cubic equation of state 立方型状态方程reduced pressure 对比压力reduced temperature 对比温度reduced density 对比密度corresponding-state parameters 对应态参数generalized correlations 普遍化关联nonpolar 非极性的slightly polar 弱极性的highly polar 高极性的volumetric properties 容积性质realistic 现实主义的，逼真的dashed line 虚线dotted line 点线straight line 实线Terms in chapter 3internal energy 内能 transport acrosskinetic energy 动能 potential energy 势能 conservation 守恒operator 算符，运算符 （such as “”）system 体系surroundings 环境closed system 封闭体系open system 开放体系finite change 有限的变化 infinitesimal change 无限的变化differential change 微分（小）的变化intensive property 强度性质extensive property 广度性质specific or molar property 单位（比）性质或摩尔性质property variable functionthermodynamics state of the system 体系热力学状态thermodynamics properties 热力学性质state function(s) 状态函数equilibrium 平衡(the) phase rule 相率reversible process 可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程mechanically reversible 机械可逆thermostate 恒温箱constanttemperature bath 恒温浴efficiency 效率，（有效）系数enthalpy 焓heat capacity 热容constantvolume heat capacity 恒容热容constantpressure heat capacity 恒压热容vector quantity 矢量scalar magnitude 数量，纯量continuity equation 连续方程steady state (flow process) 移去（流动过程）datum level 基准面shaft work 体积功stirring work 搅拌功work associated with moving the flow streams 流动功expansion work 膨胀功surface work 表面功electricity work 电功calorimeter 量热计(测定焓)intensive property 强度性质extensive property 广度性质shaft work 轴功enthalpy 焓entropy 熵heat-capacity 热容Gibbs energy (G) 吉布斯自由能Helmholtz energy (A) 亥姆霍茨自由能internal energy 内能system 系统，体系close system 封闭体系equilibrium state 平衡态total differential of F F的全微分exact differential expression 全微分表达式Maxwell equations 麦克斯威尔方程homogeneous fluid 均相流体residual property 剩余性质real gas 真实气体 actual gas ideal gas 理想气体explicit function 显函数volume explicit 体积显函数pressure explicit 压力显函数isentropic process 等熵过程reversible adiabatic process 绝热可逆过程pseudocritical parameter 虚拟临界参数path variables 过程变量state variables 状态变量constant pressure heat capacity CP 等压热容constant volume heat capacity CV 等容热容residual property剩余性质reference state参比态reference conditionpartial derivative 偏导数total derivative 全导数b volume expansivity体积膨胀系数k isothermal compressibility等温压缩系数quality干度fugacity 逸度fugacity coefficient逸度系数*Terms in Chapter 4chemical potential 化学势，化学位partial property 偏性质partial molar property 偏摩尔性质ideal solution 理想溶液real solution 真实溶液excess property 超额/过量性质excess Gibbs energy超额/过量自由焓partial excess property偏摩尔超额/过量性质activity活度activity coefficient 活度系数standard state标准态property change of mixing混合性质regular solution正规溶液atherpical solution无热溶液local-composition局部组成local molar fraction局部摩尔分数*Terms in Chapter 5 First Law of thermodynamics（energy conservation law）热力学第一定律steady-state flow processes稳定状态流动过程control volume控制体heat Engines热机Carnot engine卡诺热机thermal efficiency热效率thermodynamic efficiency热力学效率isentropic efficiency等熵效率ideal work and lost work理想功和损耗功exergy火用available Energy, availability, utilizable Energy有效能*Terms in Chapter 6steam Power cycle蒸汽动力循环Carnot-engine cycle卡诺循环cycle with feed water heaters抽气回热循环heat-power cycle热电循环exhaust steam乏气heat reservoir热源working substance of the engine工质specific steam consumption 汽耗率SSCrefrigeration Cycle制冷循环vapor-compression cycle 蒸汽压缩（制冷）循环absorption refrigeration吸收式制冷Carnot refrigeration 卡诺冷机reversed heat-engine cycle 逆热机循环multi-stage compression refrigeration多级压缩制冷heat pump 热泵throttling expansion process 节流膨胀过程reversible adiabatic expansion process可逆绝热膨胀过程inversion curve and inversion point转变曲线和转变点condenser冷凝器expander 膨胀机compressor压缩机evaporator蒸发器supheater过热器turbine透平机boiler锅炉pump泵*Statements of the second law statement1: No apparatus can operate in such a way that its only effect (in system and surrounings) is to convert heat absorbed by a system completely into work done by the system。(Klevin)Statement2: No process is possible which consists solely in the transfer of heat from are temperature lend to a high one。（克劳修斯）Statement 2 of the second law is the basis for Carnots theorem: For two given heat reservoirs no engine can have a thermal efficiency h