语言反映心理_英语毕业论文.doc

Language Reflects Psychology学 院： 外语学院专 业： 姓 名： 指导老师： 英语学 号： 职 称： 讲师中国珠海二一一 年 二 月北京理工大学珠海学院毕业论文诚信承诺书本人承诺呈交的毕业论文语言反映心理是在指导教师的指导下，独立开展研究取得的成果，文中引用他人的观点和材料，均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献，论文使用的数据真实可靠。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。本人签名： 日期： 年 月 日Language Reflects PsychologyABSTRACT This paper explores how language reflects a persons psychology. Language is a significant tool for communication by which people can think and transmit information. There are mainly two sorts of language, including spoken language and body language. Indeed, spoken language is often accompanied by body language. Psychology is human brains subjective response to the objectivity. This paper mainly deals with the oral language and body languages reflection of human psychology.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。 As an integral part of the society, whoever we are, we are sure to and have to meet vary kinds of people everyday. However, there will be many problems and misunderstandings if we cannot totally make ourselves understood or realize others meaning and intention. As a result, we are unable to know a person well and handle different interpersonal relationships properly. Therefore, the main question we should pay attention to is that how to correctly read a persons meaning through listening to his or her speaking and observing their body movement.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。 In this thesis, three core questions are elaborated. Firstly, probes into how spoken language reflects a persons psychology from various aspects of oral language, stress, pause, mood, speed, rhetoric and pet phrase are included. Secondly, to investing ate body languages reflection of a persons psychology dividing into three parts, namely, facial expression, head action and movement of other parts of human body. At last, the paper discusses about two situations. One is that the reflection of psychology is different with the same spoken language but various body languages. The other is the reflection of psychology is also different with the same body language but various spoken language.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。Keywords: language psychology spoken language body language reflection彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。语言反映心理摘 要 本文探讨语言如何反映一个人的心理。语言是人类进行思维和传递信息的重要的交际工具。语言主要分为两种:口头语言和肢体语言。事实上，口头语言往往伴随着肢体语言。心理是人脑对客观现实的主观反应。本文主要关注口头语言和肢体语言对人类心理的反映。謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。 我们作为社会有机组成的一部分，不管是谁，每天肯定也必须面对不同的人。然而，如果我们在实际交往中不同让对方明白自己或者自己无法了解别人的意思和目的，彼此间就会产生很多的问题和误解。结果，我们不能很好地了解一个人，以及不能恰当地处理好人际关系。因此，如何能通过听别人的讲话和观察别人讲话时的举动就能正确地理解一个人的内心想法和意图，是一个值得我们关注和思考的问题。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。 论文主要从三大主要问题进行阐述。首先，从口头语言的各方面，包括语气、停顿、重读、语速、修辞和口头禅来阐述口头语言是怎样反映一个人的心理的。然后研究了肢体语言对一个人的心理的反映，分别从面部表情、头部动作和躯体动作三部分进行阐述。最后，讨论了两种不同的情况。一种情况是相同的口头语言不同的肢体语言所反映的心理不同；另一种情况是相同的肢体语言不同的口头语言所反映的心理也不同。茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。摘要：语言 心理 口头语言 肢体语言 反映IICONTENTS Abstract鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。摘要1 Introduction1籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。2 Spoken Language Reflects Psychology2預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。2.1 Different Intonation Reflects Different Psychology2渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。2.1.1 Different Stress Reflects Different Psychology2铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。2.1.2 Different Pause Reflects Different Psychology4擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。2.1.3 Different Mood Reflects Different Psychology 4贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。2.1.3.1 Declarative Sentence5坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。2.1.3.2 General Question5蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。2.1.3.3 Rhetorical Question5買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。2.1.3.4 Exclamatory Sentence6綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。2.2 Different Speed Reflects Different Psychology6驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。2.3 Different Rhetoric Reflects Different Psychology7猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。2.3.1 Irony7锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。2.3.2 Repetition7構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。2.3.3 Exaggeration8輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。2.4Different Pet Phrase Reflects Different Psychology8尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。3 Body Language Reflects Psychology10识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。 3.1 Facial Expression Reflects Psychology10凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。 3.1.1 Eyebrows10恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。 3.1.2 Eyes11鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。 3.1.3 Nose11硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。 3.1.4 Mouth and Lip12阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。 3.1.5 Chin12氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。 3.1.6 Smile12釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。 3.2 Head Movement Reflects Psychology12怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。 3.3 Action of Other Parts of Body Reflects Psychology13谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。 3.3.1 Hands13嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。 3.3.2 Shoulders14熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。 3.3.3 Legs and Feet14鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。 4 Two Situations15纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。4.1 The Same Spoken Language but Various Body Languages Reflects Different Psychology15颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。4.2 The Same Body Language but Various Spoken Languages Reflects Different Psychology 15濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。 Conclusion17銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。 References18挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类。 Acknowledgements19赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈。1 Introduction Man is a life group need to communicate with each other, while language is their first choice and important tool for communication. In daily life, people usually contact with others by using spoken language and body language. Indeed, spoken language is often accompanied by body language. Studies show that in the process of face to face communication, 7% information is transmitted by spoken language, 38% information is spread by the changes of voice and 55% information is conveyed by facial expression and actions of other parts of body. With the development of society and advancement of age, people are linking up with one another more and more frequently, information spreads increasingly convenient, pressure and competition no matter in study, work or life is on the rise. Taking all abovementioned into consideration, it is urgent for us to learn how to quickly and correctly know a person, make a judgment and read his mind. 塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫。 A persons inner heart is the most complicated and sophisticated thing in the world because it hides in the depth of ones heart. Furthermore, people living in such a competitive society, have to be cautious of handling every thing and people. Even some people “wear a mask” in daily interpersonal communication, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of understanding a person. Although it is not easy for us to understand a person, as the old saying goes: it is hard to judge a persons personality only by his or her appearance, we still can learn to solve this problem step by step. Nowadays, many scholars at home and abroad study and read the art of spoken language and body language in depth, in order to know the inner thoughts behind the art of human language.裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺。 Language is indispensable to our actual life in communicating with each other. However, if we cannot understand the secret of spoken language and body language, the interpersonal communication would be heavily affected, let alone read others minds and have an insight into their inner heart. Hence, it is need for us to rethink about the spoken language and body language, to think about how to truly get peoples meaning and penetrate into their inner heart by listening their speech and observing their body movement so that we can judge people correctly and handle interpersonal relationship much better.仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁。192 Spoken Language Reflects PsychologySpoken language is the most common but crucial way to us in communicating with other people in our daily life. It is hard to imagine that human society devoid of spoken language. Man is not only living in objective world and social activity as general people understand, but also living in the given language to a greater extent, because language has become a medium of expression in human society. As Joseph Stalin said: Language is a medium, an instrument with the help of which people communicate with one another, exchange thoughts and understand each other. Joseph Vissarrionovich Stalin. Marxism and Problems of LinguisticsM, Peoples Press, 1971, P16绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧。Psychology is human brains subjective response to the objectivity. As we all know, it is difficult for us to know peoples real feeling since every ones heart is deep inside. But we can try to understand other peoples meaning through listening and analyzing their spoken language from several different aspects, namely, intonation, mood, pause, stress, speed, rhetoric, syntax and pet phrase. This is because various intonation, mood, pause, stress, speed, rhetoric, syntax and pet phrase reflect various psychologies. 骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙。2.1 Different Intonation Reflects Different Psychology瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉。 Intonation involves the occurrence of recurring fall-rise patterns, each of which is used with a set of relatively consistent meanings, either on single words or on groups of words of varying length. Hu Zhuanglin .Linguistics: A Course BookM, 3rd edition, Peking University Press, September, 2006.Chater2,5.3 In peoples speech, the whole sentence or paragraph has cadence. Intonation means the changes of speed, strength, length and height of sentence. There is no sentence without intonation, and the meaning of sentence is different if it with different intonation. Consequently, if a person speaks the same sentence with various intonations, we can learn different psychology of him or her from his or her speech.鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類。 As the abovementioned fact, different intonation reflects different psychology. At the same time, intonation includes three aspects: stress, pause and mood, which are used synthetically while talking. In other words, different stress, pause and mood reflect different psychology. Lets look into these three aspects one by one.栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬。2.1.1 Different Stress Reflects Different Psychology辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应。Stress refers to the degree of force used in producing a syllable. In transcription, a raised vertical line is often used just before the syllable it relates to. A basic distinction is made between stressed and unstressed syllables, the former being more prominent than the latter, which means that stress is a relative notion. At the word level, it only applies to words with at least two syllables. At the sentence level, a monosyllabic word may be said to be stressed relative to other words in the sentence. Hu Zhuanglin. Linguistics: A Course BookM, 3rd edition, Peking University Press, September, 2006. Chapter2,5.2峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺。 When people speak, they are impossible to say a word without stress. On the contrary, people would put more stress on some words, while put less stress on others words. Then we are able to know speakers real meaning by noting which word they put stress on. Different stress people use in a sentence has different meaning, that is to say, various stress reflects various psychology of people. Lets take a person says “他说他要来” as an example,( “ ” means stress the person put on words )詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜。他说他要来。The person stresses that it is not me who said he would come.则鯤愜韋瘓賈晖园栋泷。 他说他要来。The person stresses that he just said he would come, but is not necessarily.胀鏝彈奥秘孫戶孪钇賻。 他说他要来。The person stresses that it is him who would come.鳃躋峽祷紉诵帮废掃減。 他说他要来。The person stresses that he does not come yet.稟虛嬪赈维哜妝扩踴粜。 Secondly, lets take a boy says“我真的很爱你”to his girlfriend as another example:陽簍埡鲑罷規呜旧岿錟。我真的很爱你。The boy puts stress on “我” reflecting that it is him who is the one loves the girl.沩氣嘮戇苌鑿鑿槠谔應。我真的很爱你。The boy puts stress on “真的” reflecting that his love for the girl is true.钡嵐縣緱虜荣产涛團蔺。 我真的很爱你。The boy puts stress on“很” reflecting that he love the girl very much.懨俠劑鈍触乐鹇烬觶騮。 我真的很爱你。The boy put stress on “你” reflecting that it is the girl who he falls in love with.謾饱兗争詣繚鮐癞别瀘。2.1.2 Different Pause Reflects Different Psychology 呙铉們欤谦鸪饺竞荡赚。 Pause in speech means a temporary stop or break. Pause is not only one of phonetic features constituting intonation, but also plays a vital role in interpersonal intercourse. Every body has to stop for a while when he or she talks. This is not only for the physiological need and the need of sentence structure, but also for the need of perfectly conveying ones feelings. Above all, we must note that different pause a person uses can reflect different psychology of him or her. Thus, we can read others real meaning by noting the pause he or she uses when they are speaking. Lets take a girl says “我知道你会来看我” as an example,( “ / ” means pause )莹谐龌蕲賞组靄绉嚴减。我 / 知道你会来看我 The girl thinks that you cannot hide it from her that you would come to see her.麸肃鹏镟轿騍镣缚縟糶。我知道 / 你会来看我The girl thinks that she does not know whether other people would come to see her or not, but she does know you would come to see her.納畴鳗吶鄖禎銣腻鰲锬。我知道你 / 会来看我The girl thinks that you will come to see her because of your close relationship.風撵鲔貓铁频钙蓟纠庙。我知道你会来看 / 我The girl thinks that it is she who you would come to see.灭嗳骇諗鋅猎輛觏馊藹。Furthermore, it is easy to imagine that when a scholar is giving a lecture in a university, he suddenly stops because he sees many students ignore him and they are talking with each other. Then classroom becomes quiet. Obviously, the purpose of pause used by the scholar is in order to warn students to pay attention to his lecture. 铹鸝饷飾镡閌赀诨癱骝。Whats more, it is no hard to imagine as well that when a leader is giving a speech in opening ceremony, he stops naturally after saying several wonderful sentences. Clearly, he wants his audience to give him a big hand. 攙閿频嵘陣澇諗谴隴泸。2.1.3 Different Mood Reflects Different Psychology Mood is a particular quality, way of sounding, modulation, or intonation of the voice as expressive of some meaning, feeling, spirit, etc. Mood is also called the tone of sentence, and it represents the changes in pitch of a sentence. 趕輾雏纨颗锊讨跃满賺。Rising tone and falling tone are two basic types of tone of sentence. Generally, declarative sentence, imperative sentence, exclamatory sentence and special question use falling tone. While general question and incomplete sentence often use rising tone. Lets analyze the following three varied kinds of sentences, from which we learn speakers psychology easily.夹覡闾辁駁档驀迁锬減。2.1.3.1 Declarative SentenceDeclarative sentence is a sentence in the form of a statement (in contrast to a command, a question, or an exclamation), and it includes the affirmative sentence and negative sentence. Actually, in daily life, most of sentence used is declarative sentence. When a speaker uses declarative sentence, he or she would like to describe a fact or express their standpoints and attitudes. 视絀镘鸸鲚鐘脑钧欖粝。For example,我爱你。 The speaker wants to express his or her love to someone.偽澀锟攢鴛擋緬铹鈞錠。我不爱你。The speaker wants to tell someone that he or she does not fall in love with him or her.緦徑铫膾龋轿级镗挢廟。他走了。 The speaker wants to state that he has gone.他还没走。The speaker wants to state that he still here or there.騅憑钶銘侥张礫阵轸蔼。2.1.3.2 General Question General question is a question that can be answered with “Yes” or “No”. When people ask a general question, it means that they have doubts and questions, and they would like to hear a definite answer. 疠骐錾农剎貯狱颢幗騮。For instance,你爱我吗？ The speaker wants to know whether someone love he or her. This is because he or she does not know the exact answer or he or she wants someone to answer personally.镞锊过润启婭澗骆讕瀘。他走了吗？ The speaker wants to know whether he has gone or not. 榿贰轲誊壟该槛鲻垲赛。2.1.3.3 Rhetorical QuestionA rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its persuasive effect without the expectation of a reply. Rhetorical questions encourage the listener to think about what the (often obvious) answer to the question must be. When a speaker states, “How much longer must our people endure this injustice?” no formal answer is expected. Rather, it is a device used by the speaker to assert or deny something. Wikipedia Web Site, March 6,2010邁茑赚陉宾呗擷鹪讼凑。For a “rhetorical question”, its a question that doesnt need an answer because the answer is implied. And it uses interrogative mood to express affirmation or negation so that it can plays a role in emphasizing. Therefore, we can know speakers real meaning through rhetorical question used by him or her.嵝硖贪塒廩袞悯倉華糲。For example,谁知道？ The speaker emphasizes that no one knows.该栎谖碼戆沖巋鳧薩锭。难道我会不知道？ The speaker emphasizes that he or she does know.劇妆诨貰攖苹埘呂仑庙。我们怎么能浪费时间？ The speaker emphasizes that we must value our time.臠龍讹驄桠业變墊罗蘄。这么重的东西，我怎么拿得动？ The speaker emphasizes that the ting is too heavy for him or her to carry.鰻順褛悦漚縫冁屜鸭骞。2.1.3.4 Exclamatory SentenceExclamatory sentence is a sentence which expresses a strong feeling, such as joy, sorrow, surprise, admiration, disgust etc, usually ending with an exclamation mark. 穑釓虚绺滟鳗絲懷紓泺。From exclamatory sentence, we could easily read speakers mind because of exclamatory sentences function of emphasis. 隶誆荧鉴獫纲鴣攣駘賽。For instance,哎，我多傻啊！ The speaker confesses with regret that he had been very foolish.浹繢腻叢着駕骠構砀湊。这就是生活啊！The speaker signs with sadness and helplessness after experiencing hardness of life, and expresses his or her understanding of life.鈀燭罚櫝箋礱颼畢韫粝。多么美味的食物啊！The speaker expresses his or her appreciation for the food because he or she thinks the food tastes good.惬執缉蘿绅颀阳灣熗鍵。工人们干得多么努力啊！The speaker expresses his or her admiration for the worke