英语阅读理解分类汇编-科普知识类.doc

科普知识类第一部分 五年高考题荟萃Passage 1(09上海C篇)“Get your hands off me, I have been stolen,” the laptop, a portable computer, shouted. That is a new solution to laptop computer theft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken. The program allows users to display alerts on the missing computers screen and even to set a spoken message. Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind. Owners must report their laptop missing by visiting a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow “lost or stolen” sign appears on its screen when it is started. Under the latest version（版本）of the software, users can also send a spoken message. The message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how many times the thief closes it.” One customer sent a message saying, You are being tracked. I am right at your door,” said Carrie Hafeman, chief executive of the company which produces the program, Retriever. In the latest version, people can add a spoken message. For example, the laptops speakers will say: “Help, this laptop is reported lost or stolen. If you are not my owner, report me now.” The Retriever software package, which costs $29.95 but has a free trial period, has the functions of many security software programs .Owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear that the thief has also got hold of the access details. If a thief accesses the internet with the stolen laptop, Retriever will collect information on the internet service provider in use, so that the police can be alerted to its location. Thousands of laptops are stolen every year form homes and offices, but with the use of laptops increasing, the number stolen while their owners are out and about has been rising sharply. Other security software allows users to erase data remotely or lock down the computer. 72. The expression “to give the thief a piece of their mind “can be understood as “_” A. to give the thief an alert mind B. to express the owners anger to the thief C. to remind the thief of this conscience D. to make the thief give up his mind 73. Different from other security software, Retriever can . A. record the stealing process B. help recognize the lost laptop C. lock down the computer remotely D. send a spoken message 74. One function of the program is that it allows the owner to at a distance. A. change some access details for switching on the laptop B. turn on the laptop by using the original password C. operate the laptop by means of and alternative password D. erase the information kept in the stolen laptop 75. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage? A. With no Retriever, thousands of laptops are stolen every year. B. A new soft ware provides a means to reduce laptop theft. C. Retriever has helped to find thieves and lost computers. D. A new program offers a communication platform with the thief. 答案 72.B 73.D 74.A 75.BPassage 2(09安徽C篇)Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are rub of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt （柏油） roads?Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside. The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them ran from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground. When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer （蓄水层） into which several heat exchangers （交换器） have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warning the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store. In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice. 64. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?A. Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss. B. Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities. C. The Dutch engineers system has been widely used. D. Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads. 65. For what purpose are the diving pipes used?A. To absorb heat from the sun. B. To store heat for future use. C. To turn solar energy into heat energy. D. To carry heat down below the surface. 66. From the last paragraph we can learn that _A. some pipes have to be re-arranged in winterB. the system can do more than warming up the buildingC. the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface答案 64.D 65.D 66.B Passage 3(09安徽E篇)A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world. In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources（资源）：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the worlds wood supply. Rainforests are often called the worlds drug store. More than 25 of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However，fewer than lof rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the worlds shrinking rainforests. 72. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they . A. reflect more heat into the atmosphereB. bring about high rainfall throughout the worldC. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6D. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth73. What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?A. We will lose much more than we can gain. B. Humans have begun destroying rainforests. C. People have a strong desire for resources. D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests. 74. It can be inferred from the text thatA. we can get enough resources without rainforestsB. there is great medicine potential in rainforestsC. we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained landD. the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns75. What might be the best title for the text?A. How to Save RainforestsB. How to Protect NatureC. Rainforests and the EnvironmentD. Rainforests and Medical Development答案 72.D 73.A 74.B 75.CPassage 4(09北京C篇)How Room Designs Affect Our Work and FeelingsArchitects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors, But now scientists are giving this feelings an empirical（经验的, 实证的）basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation. Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a rooms ceiling affects how people to think. Her research indicates that the higher callings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupants ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention. Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design Planning Laboratory at University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots. Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim（暗淡的）light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax. So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so were almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）, ”architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? Thats what were all struggling with. ”64. What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?A. LightB. CeilingsC. WindowsD. Furniture. 65. The passage tells us that_. A. the shape of furniture may affect people, s feelingsB. lower ceilings may help improve students creativityC. children in a dim classroom may improve their gradesD. Students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed66. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _. A. the problem is not approached step by stepB. the researches so far have faults in themselvesC. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detectD. research in this area is not enough to make generalized pattens67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?CP: Central Point P: point Sp: Subpoint（次要点）C: Conclusion答案 64.B 65.A 66.D 67.CPassage 5(09湖北B篇)Three years ago, five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona, thousands of miles from the Channel Islands in Jersey sher they had been looked after by zookeepers. No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new Landscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their king for 50 years. To the researchers surprise, they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time. Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure, and the poor birds were back in cages, on their way to the safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme. Ever since then, the programme has enjoyed great success, mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild, confiscated （没收） on arrival north of the border, and raised by their parents in the safety of the programme. The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and psychology（心理） of parrots, as Peter Bennett, a bird researcher, points out:” Reintroducing species of high intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult. People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pers or valuable collectables. ” Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out, biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds. Last year was an important turning point: conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds. Research on parrots is vital for two reasons. Forest, as the Arizona programme showed, when reintroducing parrots to the wild, we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home. We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots keot as pets, particularly as the Trusts campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice, but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans. 55. What do we know about the area where the five parrots were reintroduced? A. Its landscape is new to parrots of their king. B. It used to be home to parrots of their kind. C. It is close to where they had been kept. D. Pine trees were planted to attract birds. 56. The reintroducing experience three years ago shows that man-raised parrots _. A. can find their way back home in Jersey B. are unable to recognize their parents C. are unable to adapt to the wild D. can produce a new species 57. Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage? A. The Trust shows great concern for the programme. B. We need to knows more about how to preserve parrots C. Many people are interested in collecting parrots. D. Parrots intelligence may someday benefit people. 58. According to the passage, people are advised_. A. to treat wild and caged parrots equally B to set up comfortable homes for parrots C. not to keep wild parrots as pets D. not to let more parrots go to the wild 答案 55.B 56.C 57.B 58.C Passage 6(09四川E篇)All too often, a choice that seems sustainable(可持续的)turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(乙醇) for fuel from corn. Corn is a renewable resource you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea. One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but thats not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazilinto farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide (CO) into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help. You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete life-cycle analysis of its environmental(环境的) costs. Even then, technology and public keep developing, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis. 57. What might directly cause the loss of the forest according to the text? A. The growing demand for energy to make ethanol B. The increasing carbon dioxide in the air C. The greater need for farmland D. The big change in weather. 58. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ ” A. the energy benefit B. the forest loss C. climate change D. burning ethanol 59. The author thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is . A. impractical B. acceptable C. admirable D. useless 60. What does the author mainly discuss in the text? A. Technology B. Sustainability C. Ethanol energy D. Environmental protection 答案 57.C 58.A 59.A 60.BPassage 7(09天津D篇)Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when youre doing your holiday shopping online, make sure youre holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisionsthose are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.Psychologists have known that one persons perception（感知） of anothers “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlows work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that desc