模块3 Unit 2 知识点讲解.doc

模块3 unit 2 知识点一. 单词和短语1. confuse vt. 1) 搞乱, 使糊涂, 使混乱；使迷惑We tried to confuse the enemy. 我们试图迷惑敌人。I was confused by all the noise. 一片嘈杂声把我弄得昏头昏脑。They confused me by asking so many questions. 他们提一大堆问题，把我都弄糊涂了。2) 混淆；混同; 分不清两物之间的不同confuse black and white 混淆黑白confuse Mr. A with Mr. B分不清甲先生和乙先生Dont confuse Australia with / and Austria.2. confused adj. (表示人)糊涂的, 困惑的, 烦恼的; 混乱的, 慌乱的All your changes of plan have made me confused.a confused shouting 乱哄哄的喊叫 a confused sea 波涛汹涌的海洋3. confusing (表示物) 莫名其妙的 难以理解的The instructions on the box are very confusing.4. be made up of 由- 组成 Animal bodies are made up of cells(细胞). consist of 由- 构成 The committee(委员会) consists of ten members.5. mix sth with sth Oil doesnt mix with water. mix A and B together Youre always mixing me up with my twin sister. 你老是把我和我孪生妹妹弄混了!6. contribute v. 捐助, 捐献, 贡献, 投稿（常与to连用）contribute food and clothing for the relief of the poor.捐助食品和衣物救济贫民。 contribute sth to / towards sth The volunteers contribute huge amounts of their own time to the project.contribute to有助于，是的成因之一7. contribution n. 捐献, 贡献, 投稿Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory. (量子理论) Day centers for the elderly make a valuable contribution to the overall service. 照顾老人的日托中心为整个服务事业作出了可贵的贡献。8. despite prep. = in spite of 尽管,不管, 任凭 Despite all our efforts to save the school, the County decided to close it. She went to Spain despite the fact that the doctor had told her to rest. 9. raise vt. 1) 抬高；举起He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。I will not raise a hand against you. 我不会做任何不利于你的事。She raised her eyes when he came in.2) 提高；增加raise salaries提高工资 raise the rent 提高租金3) 招募 raise an army招募一支军队4) 养育；栽培 raise a family 供养一家人 The peasants here used to raise pigs, and nowadays many of them have moved to cities.5) 提出（常与up连用）I wanted to raise a question to the chairman but in a moment I lost my nerve.我想向会议主席提一个问题,但立刻我又没有了勇气。 A number of questions were raised at the meeting.6)建造；建立（常与up连用）raise a memorial 建造纪念碑7) 发出（声响） raise a laugh 发出笑声I raised the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke. 我一看见冒烟就发出警报。8) 引起；造成His absence raised fears about his safety.他的不在引起人们对他安全的担心。The use of animals in scientific tests raises some difficult ethical questions.用动物做科学试验引起了一些棘手的道德问题。10. increase 1) vt., vi. 增加；增大；增多My wages have increased this year. 我的工资今年增加了。The population of this town has increased.His employer has increased his wages. 他的雇主增加了他的工资。 They have increased the price of petrol(汽油) by almost 20%.increasing difficulty越来越多的困难2) n. 增加；增大；增多an increase in wages工资的增加 on the increase正在增加an increase in crime 反义词 decrease 1) vi., vt. 减少；变少；降低The number of children in the school has decreased this year.今年在校的儿童人数减少了。Your hunger decreases as you eat. 饥饿感在吃饭时会渐渐消失的。2) n. 减少；减弱There was a decrease in the number of children in school.在校的儿童人数有所减少。11. standard n. 标准；水准；规范；规格 standard of living 生活水平 The teacher sets high standards for his pupils. 这位老师给自己的学生定下高标准。 Your recent work has been below standard / hasnt up to standard. 你最近的工作没有达到规格。12. ban vt. (过去式banned) （法律上）禁止Smoking is banned in school. 在学校禁止吸烟。After the accident he was banned from driving. The new government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的政府禁止罢工和示威活动。13. differ (v.) difference (n.) different (adj.) differ from sth in sth Their house differs from mine in having no garage(汽车库). The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬问题上仍各执己见。14. combine (with) （使）联合；（使）结合；（使）合并 combine theory with practice 使理论与实践相结合They combined their holiday with a visit to their relatives. 他们既度假又走访亲戚。 The two countries combined against their common enemy. 这两个国家联合起来对抗共同的敌人。 Lets combine my scientific research and your business skills and start a company.15. complex adj. 复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 (1) 复杂的，费解的 a complex problem(2) 结构复杂的a complex network of roads connecting Glassgow and Edinburgh 连接格拉斯哥与爱丁堡的错综复杂的公路网(3) 复合的a complex sentence 复合句16. reflect vt., vi.1) 反射A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look in it.当你照镜子时，镜子映出你的形象。White clothes are cooler because they reflect the heat.白色衣服因反射热穿起来比较凉快。2)（常与that, how连用）表达；反映Does this letter reflect how you really think?这封信是否表达了你真实的想法？ 3)（常与on, upon连用）仔细考虑He reflected before answering my question.他在回答我的问题之前仔细考虑了一下。17. symbol The dove(鸽子) is the symbol of peace. White is the symbol of purity. 白是纯洁的象征。 Space exploration provides a symbol of national pride. 宇宙探索是引发民族自豪感的代表事物。 a chemical symbol 化学符号18. opposite 1) adj.（常与to, from连用）相反的；对立的the opinion opposite to mine与我的意见相对立的意见The buses went in opposite directions one went south and the other went north. 这两辆公共汽车朝相反的方向开，一辆向南，一辆向北。Black and white are opposites. 黑和白正好相反。I thought the medicine would make him sleep, but it had the opposite effect.adj. 对面的；相对的the houses opposite 对面的房子Her house is opposite to mine. 她的房子在我的房子对面。The library is on the opposite side of the road from the school.图书馆在学校马路对面。Hes my opposite number in the companys Paris office.他是在本公司巴黎办事处和我干同一职位的人。2) n. 相反的人或物 High is the opposite of low. 高是低的对立面3) prep. 在的对面the houses opposite ours 我们家对面的房子 (= opposite to) The people sitting opposite us looked very familiar.19. direction n.1)前进的方向；方位In which direction are you going, north or south?你准备往哪个方向走？向北还是向南？What direction does this exhibition hall face?展览馆朝什么方向?The thief was last seen heading(前进) in the direction of the cinema. As shot rang out, the crowd ran screaming in all directions. 枪声响起的时候，人群尖叫着四散奔跑。 The girls giggled and pointed in the opposite direction.姑娘们咯咯地笑了，指向相反的方向。2)命令；指示；指令under my direction 由我指挥 3) (pl.) 用法说明Full directions inside. 内附详细说明书。20. stand for 代表 21. pick up拿起，捡起 22. lift up 拿起，举起23. back and forth来回 24. take control of 控制25. result in 结果导致 26. a waste of time浪费时间 27. work as 担当；担任28. as a whole 总体上 29. mainland China中国大陆 30. upper class people上层人士31. mother tongue 母语32. look into ones eyes直视某人 33. ose face丢脸 34. addition n. 加；加起来; 增加物Our baby brother is an addition to our family.新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。in addiction（常与to连用）此外In addition to gene, intelligence also depends on an adequate(适当的, 足够的) diet, a good education and a decent (得体的) home environment.除了遗传基因外,智力的高低还取决于良好的营养,良好的教育和良好的家庭环境。 35. throw away丢掉36. right away立刻 37. in a word 总之38. sort out安排，拣选，分类39. set a standard确立标准 40. take action采取行动 41. what if倘使- 将会怎样The question is what if I still cannot understand the meanings.42.