21世纪大学实用英语教案.doc

Unit Four TEACHING OBJECTIVES: After studying this unit, the students are expected to be able to:1. master the basic language and skills to express personal interests and state likes and dislikes;2. understand the main ideas of Texts A, B and C, and master the useful sentence structures and words and expressions found in the relevant exercises of the first two texts3. know clearly how to use the present perfect and the past perfect;4. know how to write a business card in English5. understand the signal words in an English passage (2)TEACHING AIDS: tape-recorder TEACHING KEY POINTS: understand the main ideas of Texts A, B and C, and master the useful sentence structures and words and expressions found in the relevant exercises of the first two textsTEACHING DIFFICULTIES: understand the main ideas of Texts A, B and C, and master the useful sentence structures and words and expressions found in the relevant exercises of the first two texts TEACHING TIME: 8 periodsTEACHING PROCEDURE : The 1st & 2nd periodsDATE: WHAT TO TEACH: 1 Listening and speaking1). Expressing personal interests2). stating likes and dislikes3). listening practice2 Learning the new words for text ADifficult Points: Expressing personal interestsand stating likes and dislikesHOW TO TEACHStep One Expressing personal interests1. Do a warm-up activity by asking students to express their personal interests;2. Solicit the language for personal interests and present it on the chalkboard during the class interaction before listening.3. Listen to Exercise 1 twice and fill in blanks with the missing words4. Ask two students to read aloud the short talks to check their written responses;5. Ask other students to express their personal interests using the structures given in Exe. 2Step Two Stating likes and dislikes1. Go through the following words and expressions which may be new to you and listen to the conversation twice while filling in the missing words.2. Work with the question and answer the exercisescreatively;3. Look for the language used to state likes and dislikes.4. Act out the dialogue5. go through the second conversation with the same steps.6. Study the structures presented in exercise 4 , and create situations for the dialogue in which students can state likes and dislikes.Step Three Listening practice1. Exe.5 Listen and choose the best answer(adbda) When you are listening to the dialogue, you should pay attention to the key words.2. Exe.6 Listen and choose the best answer(cddba) In this part, when you are listening, you should pay attention to what kind of question it is. For example: Are you a student? You can only answer with “yes, no.”3. Exe.7 Listen and choose the best answer(ababb)This time, pay attention to numbers: 13/30; 14/40You had better write down some information when listening.4. Exe 8 Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words. The first time listening is more important. This time you can write with some letters to remind you of the word. If you dont listening clearly, dont stop,just go on listening. This time understanding is more important. The second time, you should write as quickly as you can.Step Four Learn the new words for text AStep Five Homework 1. Exercise 9 and 10. Next time some of the students will answer the questions in Exe. 9 and 10. 2. Review the new words and try to remember themReflection:The 3rd & 4th periodsDATE: WHAT TO TEACH: To learn Text AFocus: learn the text as a wholeLearn some words:and phrasesDifficult Points: Expressing personal interestsand stating likes and dislikesHOW TO TEACHStep 1: Leading in the topic 1. Check the homework2. The teacher begins with the assignment mainly to review the functional and notional language the students acquired in the previous unit. The teacher asks some students to answer the questions in exercise 9 and 10 of the listening and speaking section and invite at least two students to give an oral presentation in class, telling their classmates of their likes and dislikes.3. Starter After a brief explanation of the instructions, the teacherA.Organizes group discussion among the students to list the benefits of running and other physical exercise; B. aska the studentsa) to report their discussion.( can use the information about the benefits of physical exercise provided in the following Part III Background informationb) to complete Exe.1 in starterStep 2 Text A1. Read the text A in 10 minutes and fand do Exe. 2 on Page 1162. Language points1) actually: really; in fact I didnt actually see herI just heard her voice. Actually Im busy at the moment- can I phone you back?2) by learning and practicing.3) technique: method of doing or performing sth. Farming tecchniques She is wirking with her piano teacher to improve her techniques4) basic: simplest or lowest level Basic requirements/ the basic vocabulary of English My knowledge of physics is pretty basic5) require: depend on sb./sth for success, fulfillment, etc; need We require extra helpThe radio requires two batteries.6) up and down: backwards and forwards along sthRunning up and down the roadHes walking up and down outside our house.7) entire with no part left out; whole; complete She spent the entire day in bed. The entire family was looking at him.8) special: not common, usual, or general What is your special interest? Shes a special friend of mine9) known as: called or labeled as A heavyweight boxer known as “The Greatest” This area is known as the “Sun Island”10) think ofas : regardas I will always think of Shanghai as my second hometown. The all thought of him as an excellent teacher11) separate: forming a unit by itself; existing apart The children sleep in separate beds./ The flat consists of four separate rooms.12) increase: become or make greater in number, quality, size, etc. The population of this town has increased greatly. They have increased the price of petrol by 3%13) .do help us run He did find a regular job/ I do feel sorry for Marry14) keep from: prevent from/ stop from She could hardly keep herself from crying./ I just managed to keep myself from falling.15) quite a bit: a large amount She has made quite a bit of money. It takes quite a bit of time to get from Beijing to guangzhou.16) rather than: instead of I think Ill have a cold drink rather than coffee. Its the manager thats at fault rather than the employeesStep 3 Homework Do all the exercises of text AReflection:The 5th & 6th periodsDATE: WHAT TO TEACH: To do exercises of Text AGrammar: Verb tenses(4)Focus: learn the tensesDo exercisesDifficult Points: TensesHOW TO TEACHStep 1: Review 1. Check the words 2. Review the textStep 2. Exercises1. Vocabulary 1) Exe. 5., 6 ,7 and 8The adj./adv.+er, the adj./adv.+er.When/ Though.doing, the main clause Adj.2) Exe. 9 TranslateStep 3 Grammar: Verb Tenses (4)The Present Perfect and the Past Perfect1. Forming thePresent Perfect tensehas/have + past participleExamples: You have seen that movie many times. Have you seen that movie many times? You have not seen that movie many times. Complete List of Present Perfect FormsUSE 1 Unspecified Time Before NowWe use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. Examples: I have seen that movie twenty times. I think I have met him once before. There have been many earthquakes in California. People have traveled to the Moon. People have not traveled to Mars. Have you read the book yet? Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States. How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?The concept of unspecified time can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics:TOPIC 1 ExperienceYou can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, I have the experience of. You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.Examples: I have been to France.This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times. I have been to France three times.You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence. I have never been to France.This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France. I think I have seen that movie before. He has never traveled by train. Joan has studied two foreign languages. A: Have you ever met him?B: No, I have not met him. TOPIC 2 Change Over TimeWe often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.Examples: You have grown since the last time I saw you. The government has become more interested in arts education. Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established. My English has really improved since I moved to Australia. TOPIC 3 AccomplishmentsWe often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.Examples: Man has walked on the Moon. Our son has learned how to read. Doctors have cured many deadly diseases. Scientists have split the atom. TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are ExpectingWe often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen. Examples: James has not finished his homework yet. Susan hasnt mastered Japanese, but she can communicate. Bill has still not arrived. The rain hasnt stopped. TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different TimesWe also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.Examples: The army has attacked that city five times. I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester. We have had many major problems while working on this project. She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick. Time Expressions with Present PerfectWhen we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important. Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.Examples: Have you been to Mexico in the last year? I have seen that movie six times in the last month. They have had three tests in the last week. She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far. My car has broken down three times this week. NOTICELast year and in the last year are very different in meaning. Last year means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. In the last year means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect. Examples: I went to Mexico last year.I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one. I have been to Mexico in the last year.I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now. USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. For five minutes, for two weeks, and since Tuesday are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.Examples: I have had a cold for two weeks. She has been in England for six months. Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl. Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words live, work, teach, and study are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.ADVERB PLACEMENTThe examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You have only seen that movie one time. Have you only seen that movie one time? ACTIVE / PASSIVEExamples: Many tourists have visited that castle. Active That castle has been visited by many tourists. Passive 2. Past PerfectFORM had + past participleExamples: You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York? You had not studied English before you moved to New York. Complete List of Past Perfect FormsUSE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the PastThe Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.Examples: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand? She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Kristine had never been to an opera before last night. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before. USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.Examples: We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years. Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words live, work, teach, and study are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs. IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past PerfectUnlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.Example:She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. MOREOVERIf the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when before or after is used in the sentence. The words before and after actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct.Examples:She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996. HOWEVERIf the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples: She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Correct ADVERB PLACEMENTThe examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York? ACTIVE / PASSIVE Examples:George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license. Active Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license. Passive Step 4 Practice Do exe.10Step 5 Practical WritingBusiness/Name CardsStep 6 Assignment:1. Review the lesson learned 2. Do exercises in the exercise book3. Preview Text B and CReflection:The 7th & 8th periodsDATE: WHAT TO TEACH: To learn Text B and C and text-related exercisesFocus: learn the text as a wholeLearn some words:and phrasesDifficult Points: learning basic reading skills: understanding signal words (2)HOW TO TEACHStep 1: Text B 1. Learn the new words2. Ask the students to read the text and then do exe. 13 : Answer the questions about the text3. Learn the language points1). (keep) in shape: keep fitShe exercises every day to keep in shape.Youll never be in shape unless you eat less and have more exercise.2) good for (sb. /sth): beneficial to Jogging is good for your health/ Sunshine is good for your pl