Myers-社会心理学复习题(6-13).doc

第六章 从众The correct answer for each question is indicated by a . 1CORRECTYou go out to dinner with three of your good friends. Friends 1 and 2 order dessert. Next, Friend 3 orders dessert. When the waiter gets to you, even though you are dieting, you order dessert. Why?A)conformity.从众B)Compliance顺从.C)obedience.服从D)persuasion.说服Feedback: Correct.2INCORRECTWhen you have complied to a request and have internalized a belief that your behavior is justified, you are showingA)private obedience.B)private acceptance.C)public compliance.D)public obedience.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is private acceptance.3INCORRECTAfter Marilyn Monroes suicide there were 200 more suicides in the United States than was typical. This was due to the suspected effects ofA)mass hysteria.B)mass destruction.C)mass suggestibility.D)mass ignorance.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is mass suggestibility.4CORRECTThe Salem witch trials may be an example ofA)mass ignorance.B)mass compliance.C)mass destruction.D)mass hysteria.Feedback: Correct.5INCORRECTThe teacher/learner paradigm, which has been extensively used by researchers to investigate a variety of phenomena, was used byA)Asch, to investigate conformity.B)Milgram, to investigate obedience.C)Bandura, to investigate social learning theory.D)Zimbardo, to investigate the power of the situation.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is Milgram, to investigate obedience.6CORRECTOne salient突出 factor in Milgrams study on obedience was the experimenter. When the experiment was varied so that the experimenter gave orders over the phone, obedienceA)dropped to下降 nothing.B)was greatly reduced.C)was unchanged.D)increased.Feedback: Correct.7INCORRECTMilgrams study was so successful because it usedA)the bogus pipeline假管道 technique.B)the low-ball technique.C)the door-in-the-face technique.D)the foot-in-the-door technique.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is the foot-in-the-door technique.8INCORRECTMilgram foundA)ignorant people accept commands more readily than smart people.B)high-status people accept commands more readily than low-status people.C)attractive people accept commands more readily than unattractive people.D)low-status people accept commands more readily than high-status people.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is low-status people accept commands more readily than high-status people.9INCORRECTIn a variation on Aschs study of group pressure, researchers had subjects go first, followed by the confederates. In this case, how many people conformed after voicing their opinions?A)almost none.B)30 %C)60%D)90%Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is almost none.10INCORRECTWhen a person conforms to gain acceptance, we say they are bowing to屈服于A)informational influence.B)qualitative influence.C)Normative规范性 influence.D)Proximal邻近的 influence.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is normative influence.11CORRECTGroups often reject people who consistently deviate from social roles. These people appear to be unaffected byA)proximal influence.B)normative influence.C)informational influence.D)qualitative influence.Feedback: Correct.12INCORRECTConcern for social image involves _ influence; the desire to be correct involves _ influence.A)normative; informational.B)qualitative; proximal.C)informational; normative.D)proximal; qualitative.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is concern for social image involves normative influence and the desire to be correct involves informational influence.13INCORRECTPersonality 个性，人格is a good predictor of behavior whenA)the decision is important.B)social influences are strong.C)attitudes are weak.D)social influences are weak.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is social influences are weak.14INCORRECTCross-cultural replications of obedience studies have found the highest rate of obedience inA)Japan.B)America.C)China.D)Munich.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is Munich.15CORRECTIf your parents tell you that you cant drink until you are 21, you may well go out drinking before then. Psychologists refer to this asA)repression.压抑B)Catharsis发泄.C)reactance.反抗，反作用D)reaction formation.反向作用Feedback: Correct.16INCORRECTBaumeister and others argue that a man may become frustrated over his restricted freedom if the woman hes trying to have sex with refuses his advances. Such a man may become sexually aggressive due toA)reactance.B)catharsis.C)repression.D)reaction formation.反向作用Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is reactance.17INCORRECTAn increased desire for forbidden activities is often the result ofA)catharsis.B)reactance.C)repression.D)reaction formation.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is reactance.18CORRECTAs humans, we seem driven to be not only different from average-others but, more importantly, BETTER than average-others. This is due toA)self-serving bias.B)the fundamental attribution error.C)the actor/observer effect.D)self-presentation.Feedback: Correct.19CORRECTThe _ technique is defined as a technique for gaining compliance with a request by first persuading a person to comply with a small request, then following up with a larger request.A)bogus pipeline.B)low-ball.C)foot-in-the-door.D)door-in-the-face.Feedback: Correct.第七章 说服The correct answer for each question is indicated by a . 1CORRECTPersuasion isA)the process by which a message induces attitude change.B)a change in behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure.C)the process by which a message induces a change in behavior.D)a change in behavior or belief as a result of a direct order from someone.Feedback: Correct.2CORRECTWe tend to call information _ when we believe it and _ when we do not.A)a fact; a lie.B)educational; propaganda宣传.C)a lie; a fact.D)propaganda; educational.Feedback: Correct.3INCORRECTWhen people are presented with information and they are naturally analytical or the information is highly involving they are likely to be persuaded via the _ route to persuasion. When people are not engaged with the information or they tend to make snap judgments, they are more likely persuaded via the _ route.A)Periphera外围l; central.B)Elaborative精细的; peripheral.C)central; peripheral.D)central; elaborative.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is people are better persuaded via the central route if they are highly analytical or the information is engaging and the peripheral route when they make snap decisions.4INCORRECTWhich of the following is more likely to produce change?A)elaborative route persuasion.B)peripheral route persuasion.C)implicit route persuasion.D)central route persuasion.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is central route persuasion.5INCORRECTCredibility isA)the same as liking.B)perceived expertise and trustworthiness.可信性C)the same as attractiveness.D)how likely you are to be persuaded by someone.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is perceived expertise and trustworthiness.6CORRECTWhen someone speaks confidently and quickly we assume they areA)smart.B)likable.C)attractive.D)credible.Feedback: Correct.7INCORRECTBeing persuaded by information that is exclusive is the principle of _. Being persuaded by feeling that you owe someone is the principle of _.A)scarcity; reciprocityB)exclusivity; retaliation排他性;报复C)reciprocity; scarcity.D)uniqueness; obligation独特性；强制性Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is being persuaded by exclusive information is the principle of scarcity and being persuaded being feelings of obligation is the principle of reciprocity.8INCORRECTJaimes mother died of a smoking-related illness. He is now fervently anti-smoking because of the strong emotional component of his attitude. What type of anti-smoking message is he more likely to be persuaded by?A)a credible communicator.B)an attractive communicator.C)the reciprocity factor.D)an emotional appeal.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is an emotional appeal.9INCORRECTWhich of the following is more likely to be persuasive?A)positively framed messages.B)happiness-producing messages.C)fear-arousing messages.D)messages conveyed by an attractive communicator.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is fear-arousing messages.10INCORRECTOne of the problems with using fear-arousing messages is that they can be overwhelming. They lose effectiveness if theyA)dont include information on how to avoid the danger.B)arent realistic.C)are presented by an attractive communicator.D)are presented by someone in authority.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is dont include information on how to avoid the danger.11CORRECTYou are going to meet someone who is intelligent, industrious, impulsive, critical, stubborn, and envious. Because I first described him as intelligent, youre more likely to feel favorably toward him than you would if I had started by saying he was envious. This is due toA)a framing effect.B)a primacy effect.C)a serial-order effect.D)a recency 近因effect.Feedback: Correct.12INCORRECTPersuasion _ as the significance and familiarity of the issue _.A)decreases; increases.B)stays the same; increases.C)increases; decreases.D)increases; stays the same.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is persuasion decreases as the significance and familiarity of the issue increases.13INCORRECTOne criticism of the studies on why people join cults is that those studies are subject toA)self-identity factors.B)the overconfidence effect.C)the self-fulfilling prophecy.D)the hindsight事后聪明 bias.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is the hindsight bias.14INCORRECTCults are also calledA)new religious movements.B)wingnut groups.C)nothing different than any other religion.D)groups.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is new religious movements.15CORRECTA group characterized by distinctive religiosity that involves isolation from the rest of the world and has a charismatic leader is called aA)groupthink.B)fundamentalism.C)cult.D)crazy.Feedback: Correct.16INCORRECTGenerally, cults gain new followers by inviting prospective members to dinner or warm weekend retreats, not by using overt or high-pressure tactics. In other words, they are usingA)a door-in-the-face technique.B)the foot-in-the-door technique.C)a low-ball technique.D)a bogus pipeline technique.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is the foot-in-the-door technique.17CORRECTSomeone who attracts and directs group members is a(n)A)charismatic.B)observer.C)co-actor.D)leader.Feedback: Correct.18CORRECTAnalytical people who enjoying thinking carefully, showA)a high need to belong.B)a low need for cognition.C)a high sense of self-efficacy.D)a high need for cognition.Feedback: Correct.19INCORRECTWhich of the following messages is NOT likely to be as persuasive as the others?A)messages conveyed by popular and attractive communicators.B)messages that appear to be designed to change our attitudes.C)messages that arouse strong emotions.D)messages presented by communicators who appear to be credible experts.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is messages that appear to be designed to change our attitudes.第八章 群体影响The correct answer for each question is indicated by a . 1CORRECTWhich of the following is NOT a group?A)students working in a computer lab at independent tasks.B)students studying for their social psychology test together.C)a number of people that meet weekly for an AA meeting.D)people who jog together every morning.Feedback: Correct.2CORRECTSocial facilitation is the tendency for the presence of othersA)to affect our likelihood to help.B)to either enhance or impair performance.C)to only impair our performance.D)to only improve our performance.Feedback: Correct.3CORRECTHistorically, social facilitation referredA)to both improvements and detriments to performance.B)only to detriments in performance.C)only to improved performance.D)to an effect seen only when more than 10 people were present.Feedback: Correct.4CORRECTCurrently, social facilitation refersA)to an effect seen only when more than five people are present.B)only to detriments in performance.C)only to improved performance.D)to either improvement or hindrance of performance.Feedback: Correct.5INCORRECTZajonc argues that social facilitation leads to arousal which enhancesA)performance.B)the dominant response.C)the submissive response.D)the self-presentation response.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is the dominant response.6INCORRECTThe dominant response, Zajonc argues,A)should boost performance on easy tasks and hurt performance on difficult tasks.B)should always lead to an improvement in performance.C)should boost performance on difficult tasks and hurt performance on easy tasks.D)should increase the distraction分心 the performer feels.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is should boost performance on easy tasks and hurt performance on difficult tasks.7INCORRECTAn example of an environment that leads to distress紧张忧虑 isA)a cool-temperature environment.B)a low-stimulus environment.C)a wide open space.D)a crowded house.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is a crowded house.8INCORRECTWhen you perform a task in front of others who are blindfolded, social facilitation effects are void. This finding supports which theory of social facilitation?A)social facilitation.B)distraction-conflict.C)evaluation apprehension顾虑.D)mere presence effects.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is evaluation apprehension.9INCORRECTIn a strange but revealing有启迪作用 experiment, Zajonc, et al. found that roaches蟑螂 are affected by the mere presence of other roaches in much the same way as humans are affected by the mere presence of other humans. These findings detracted 转移from which theory of social facilitation?A)deindividuation.B)drive theory.C)social observation.D)distraction-conflict.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is drive theory.10INCORRECTResearcher Ingham found that students pulled hardest on a rope whenA)they believed they were pulling with two people.B)they believed they were pulling with three people.C)they believed they were pulling with four or five people.D)they believed they were pulling alone.Feedback: Incorrect. The correct answer is they believed they were pulling alone.11CORRECTWhich provides the correct order of Zajoncs conception of social facilitation?A)presence of others dominant response arousal.B)arousal presence of others dominant respon