甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断考试英语试题.docx

甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断考试英语试题第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 AChileThis long, skinny slice of South America successfully packs a powerful punch, with strange charms in Valparaiso, excellent wine in the Maipo Valley and diverse landscapes across the Arcadian Desert, Chilean Patagonia and Easter Island.Flying is the most convenient way to get around, but flights are not cheap. Buses are more wallet-friendly, and Chiles bus system is efficient, but bus journeys can easily take 17 to 36 hours.MontenegroThe countrys coastline is its best feature, and its winding coastal roads and mountain-meets-ocean scenery create the perfect background for a road trip. Sleepy seaside towns along the Bay of Kotor are home to mom-and-pop restaurants and elegant hotels, while the walled city of Koror offers views of the classic red rooftops of the Adriatic.MadagascarMadagascar，the worlds fourth-largest island one of the most biodiverse (生物多样的) places on the planet, has been rapidly affected by climate change.Visiting the country can serve as an educational opportunity for travelers who want to understand the bad effects of global warming and irresponsible human actions, Some cant-miss experiences in Madagascar include swimming and snorkeling around Nosy Be, spotting lemurs (狐猴) in Ranomafana National Park, admiring the rocky landscapes of Isalo National Park and a sunset walk along the Avenue of the Baobabs.Abu Dhabi, the UAEAfter 10 years of planning and nearly $2 billion in costs, the Louvre Abu Dhabi celebrated its grand opening on Nov. 11, 2017. Now, lovers of art and architecture are racing to the United Arab Emirates capital to sec its newest feat of modern design - the product of French architect Jean Nouvel. The Louvre Abu Dhabis slogan, “see humanity in a new light”While in Abu Dhabi, travelers can also check out the citys other famous architectural wonder - Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque - which was rated the worlds second-best landmark in TripAdvisors 2017 Travelers Choice Awards.1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of travelling by bus in Chile?A. It is very expensive.B. It may not help you save time.C. Buses dont run at busy hours.D. Buses are always very crowded.2. What do you know about travelling in Madagascar from the passage?A. Its much cheaper lo go around by bus than by plane.B. You can take a good trip along the beautiful coastal roads.C. You can learn more about the impacts of climate change,D. Its a good chance to sec green mountains and red rooftops.3. If you are interested in art and architecture, you can travel to _.A. ChileB. MontenegroC. MadagascarD. Abu Dhabi, the UAEBJim was 12 years old, who was the laughing stock of the whole town. He never remembered having a kind word spoken to him in his whole life. One day as Jim walked down the street, he saw some flowers slip from a little ladys arms just in front of him. Jim gathered up the flowers and replaced them in her arms. “Thank you, dear; you are a nice little boy.” she said kindly, and went on her way after giving him a bright smile.Jim was amazed. These were the first kind words he had ever heard in his whole twelve years of existence. He stood and stared after her until she was out of sight, then he made straight for a stream. He sat down on the bank of the stream and did some thinking. “Thank you, dear; you are a nice little boy,” he thought. Finally the boy pulled from his pockets a piece of broken mirror and looked at himself. He saw nothing but dirt. He went down to the water and washed his face carefully, almost painfully. Then he looked again. He scarcely recognized himself. He stood straight and looked up instead of down for the first time since he could remember.A feeding of self-respect awoke within his being. At that moment the course of his life was changed; a determination to be worthy of the kind words spoken to him by the little lady, and to pass them on, took possession of his soul. After telling this story of Jim, the speaker paused and then he shocked the audience by saying, “Gentlemen, I was that boy. That gentle woman implanted in my life the first seed of kindness. As a tribute to her memory I have told you this story.”4. What does the author mean by “the laughing stock” in paragraph 2?A. Jim liked playing jokes on others.B. Jim was always laughed at by others,C. Jim was good at making others happy.D. Jim had interest in telling funny stories.5. Which of the following words can be used to describe the lady?A. Brave.B. Clever.C. Friendly.D. Honest.6. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Jim wanted people to say kind words to others.B. The lady became very famous because of that story.C. It was the first time for Jim to tell his story to others.D. Jim made a tot of money by telling his stories to others.7. What is the best title for the text?A. A Story of JimB. A Good Lady C. A Kind Word D. A Successful BusinessmanCChildren all over the world who have tried the potato or lemon battery experiments know that an electrical current can be generated by creating a reaction between the food and two different metals. However, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have found a way to harvest power from trees. They use the same metal for both electrodes (电极) specifically in order not to confuse this effect with the potato effect.While proving that trees can provide a source of power is a significant step, a key question remains: can the tiny voltage (电压) produced by a tree be used for anything useful? Now scientists are debating over how to use this power source for human benefits.The most practical thing is fire alarm for forest department, originating from the tree itself. Trees electric power can charge a battery. This battery in turn will be connected to a small sensor. This sensor will power a brief radio transmission (传送). That radio signal will transport daily soil and air condition measurements to a network of much larger, solar powered Forest- Service environmental monitoring stations. Those sensors wilt also give out a crisis signal in the event of a sudden rise in-air temperature-that might indicate the outbreak of a forest fire.“I truly believe it has potential,” said Victoria Henderson, branch chief for equipment and chemicals at the Forest Serviced National Interagency Fire Center. “If this can enhance (提高) our existing technology to a degree that would gain us a lot more fire protection, then wed look at a plan to purchase it for our nationwide infrastructure (基础设施), which is huge.”Researchers have discovered that the greater the pH difference between the tree and the soil the more the energy will be produced. Some researchers also admit that “tree power” isnt as practical as solar energy, but believe that the system could be scaled-up as a low-cost option for powering tree sensors that help detect environmental conditions or forest fires, Using the electronic output to keep track of a trees health is another possibility.8. Why does the author mention the potato battery experiment in the first paragraph?A. To explain what it is.B. To stress the importance of electricity.C. To introduce the power source from trees.D. To encourage people to try this experiment.9. What do we know about the fire alarm mentioned in the third paragraph?A. The fire alarm can make a very loud sound.B. Smoke from a fire can cause the alarm to go off.D. It has been widely used in the forest department.10. Whats Victoria Hendersons attitude towards the fire alarm system?A. Cautious.B. Favorable.C. Disapproving. D. Unconcerned,11. What causes trees to create electrical currents?A. The sensor implanted in the tree.B. The new way adopted by the researchers.C. The special metal used in the battery experiment.D. The pH difference between the soil and the trees.DIn the last few years, you may have noticed the terra “microplastics” in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded (丢弃的) plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and oceans. Because they are so tiny and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastics pollution in our oceans, estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic are floating in the worlds oceans. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a micropiastics problem, think again - the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard.In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of micropiastics in the water. Setting out from Deale, Md., the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖网) for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a cone-shaped (锥形的) net, whose holes measure 330 microns (微米) wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh (网眼) of net ensures anything suspended m the water is trapped behind.In seven samples, the net picked up algae (海藻) trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing line and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers mm found in face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems filters (过滤器) and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads and other micropiastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans.12. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The description of the trawl.B. The basic data of the water samples.C. The process of collecting water samples.D. The introduction of Trash Free Maryland.13. What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to?A. Bits of bags.B. Chemicals.C. Microbeads.D. Micropiastics.14. How docs the author prove plastics pollution can be harmful to people s health?A. By analyzing the data.C. By giving some examples.D. By referring to scientists views.15. Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To explain some new scientific terms to people.B. To let people learn more about plastics pollution.C. To urge governments to make environmental laws.D. To tell people some new findings in scientific research.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What is friendship? The answers may be different. _16_. We cannot live without friendship just as we cannot live without air and water. Friendship gives us a feeling of safety and warmth, and friendship encourages us to go ahead all the time.Friendship is valuable. It can touch your heart and give you hope. Many people are proud of having a good friend. _18_. If you help your friends for no reason but simply because they are your friends, this means that you regard your friends as yourself. This is true friendship.In fact, friendship isnt always easily kept. _19_, you should treat him or her like you want to be treated. Keep the secrets that your friend tells you. Keep your promise with your friend. Share things with your friend. Stick up for your friend. We should try our best to protect the friendship from being hurt. As an old saying goes, “Friendship cannot stand always on one side.” True friendship should be able to stand ail kinds of tests.Because of friendship, our lives are full of happiness. Therefore, the more friends we have, the more pleasure we can share with them. Lets say “Thank you” to our friends for their love and care. _20_, never forget to keep the beautiful friendship!A. When you want to keep a friendB. If not, their friendship still cannot last longD. Everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendshipE. True friendship must be sincere and must not have conditionsF. But one thing is clear that friendship is the most important thing in our lifeG. Sometimes people have good friends when they are young and studying in school.第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Girls rule, boys drool.” But when that _23_ zone is not around her, she is shy and _24_.This has been challenging for me _25_. “Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to _26_ me. But this has been a year of _27_ for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of _28_. This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team. This year she teamed to ride a bike without training wheels. And this year she _29_ her first kids triathlon (三项全能).s birthday party later in the day, we all went out in the dark of the morning for Kelly to _30_ her first triathlon. We practiced transitions from swim to _31_ and to run with her. We got all the equipment shed need and we kept talking about the _32_. But as we waited the two hours for the older kids to finish before her _33_, she _34_ my leg a little harder and told me she loved me a few too many times. She was nervous but trying to keep calm. And then it was time for her to go. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart _35_ quickly. My daughter _36_ into the most confident human being I had ever seen. She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the _37_ with the biggest smile on her face.I can honestly say that I never felt so _38_ of someone in my entire life. It wasnt because she did a sport or anything like that. It was because she was afraid of something and _39_ that fear with confidence and a fire I hadnt seen before.All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt like I _40_ that clay.21. A. braveB. eagerC. hesitantD. willing22. A. troublemakerB. leaderC. thinkerD. fighterB. dangerC. hardship24. A. scaryB. nervousC. painfulD. thrilled25. A. some timesB. some timeC. on timeD. at times26. A. attractB. catchC. describeD. meet27. A. firstsB. secondsC. finalsD. ends28. A. circumstanceB. confidenceC. coincidenceD. dependence29. A. defeatedB. lostD. quitted30. A. arrangeB. attendC. achieve31. A. busB. bikeC. taxiD. motorcycle32. A. raceB. lifeC. testD. assignment33. A. chanceB. turnC. failureD. success34. A. heldB. pressedC. squeezedD. scratched35. A. settledB. aroseC. sankD. rose36. A. translatedB. transplantedC. transformedD. transported37. A. standB. summitC. deadlineD. finish38. A. ashamedB. sensibleC. proudD. critical39. A. seizedB. conqueredC. graspedD. possessed40. A. wonB. lostC. reservedD. removed第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。41 (make) it different from the similar practice of free running. Parkour 42 43 cool sport. They have great interest in it.The 44 (invent) of parkour cant 45 (give) to one person because many people have worked on it. A French officer developed the earlier form of parkour. The term “parkour” was first introduced by David Belle and Sebastian Foucan in the early 1980s. 46 that time, they were two teenagers. This sport 47 48 makes parkour differed from other sports is its power to bring people together. It allows traceurs to forget the _49 _s thought process by improving self-confidence and critical-thinking skills. In this way, parkour allows one to deal with 50 (difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Yesterday afternoon my friends, Xiao Ming, and I went skating on