大学英语自学考试英语二下册unit7教案.doc

UNIT 7Text ALeisure and LeadershipI.课文简介title:leisure: free time, spare time, freedom from work 休闲lead v. 领导 a. 领导的 n. 领导；铅leader n. 领导人；leadership n. 导向，引导第一部分：现代 人 越 来越 重 视休 闲活 动与生 活 质量。Paras.1-2 As far as quality of life is concerned, leisure plays an important role in life.第二部分：不同的人对休闲时间的利用也不一样，主要取决于他们的工作性质和生 活方式。Paras.3-6 The specific use of leisure varies from person to person.第三部分：我们需要从社会中获得各种兴趣。大众在积极利用休闲方面需要指引和 领导。Paras.7-9 We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our society.第四部分：休闲有可能影响我们的工作。Para.10 Leisure will in return encourage academic work.（说明：研究表明，在就业工作中的劳动者不能发挥任何创造性，而玩乐的作用之一，就是帮助人们表达在就业工作中被压抑的潜在性，重新找回自我。在今后我国将会出现娱乐指数，出现休闲支出的年增长率，这可能成为国家经济发达与否的一个隐性指标。）II.New Words词汇精讲:1.attach :vt. 固定住，系；附加；把（重点）放在She attached a chain to the dogs collar. 她把链条拴在狗的项圈上。She attaches great importance to being financially independent. 她认为在经济上独立很重要。Passengers should attach labels to their bags before boarding the airplane. 旅客在登机前必须在提包上拴上标签。2.possession: n.有，拥有，pl.财产（总称，不强调每件东西的价值） 对比belongings n.派生词：possess v. 拥有，有He lost most of his possessions during the war.战争期间他丢失了大部分财产。 Hes had possession of the house for ten years.他拥有这所房产已有十年。She has never really been interested in material possessions.她从未对物质财富产生过兴趣。satisfy v. 满意relax v. 放松3.desirable：a.称心的，合意的，理想的派生词：desire v.希望，愿望用法：用在It is desirable that 句型中，that 从句里谓语动词要用(should) + 动词原形。It is desirable that he should attend the meeting.他参加会议是最理想的了。He has a highly desirable job.他有一份非常称心的工作。We desire your early reply to this inquiry.我们期待对这个询问早日回复。occupy v.占领，占用describle 描绘suburban a.郊外的stress v./n. 紧张， 压力renewal v. 重新开始，更新lie v. 躺 过去式和过去分词：lay, lain; 现在分词：lyinglay v. 放置 过去式和过去分词：laid, laid portray v. 描绘，描写，描述The painting portrays a beautiful young woman and her pet dog.这幅画画的是一位年轻漂亮的女子和她的爱犬。 The writer portrays life in a working-class community at the turn of the century.作者描述了世纪之初一个工人阶层社区的生活。4.acquire：vt. 获得，得到 同义词 obtain v. She acquired an original painting by Van Gogh. 她得到了一幅梵高的原画。I acquired a little Spanish while I was in Peru. 我在秘鲁时学到了一点西班牙语。 区别：acquire 与require require v. 需要，需求recognize v. 认出 认识impart 同义词：giveimpart v. 把分给；给予；传授；告知I spoke to Don but he didnt have anything of note to impart.我跟唐谈过，但他没什么重要的东西可告诉我。 I was rather quiet as I didnt feel I had much wisdom to impart on the subject.我一言未发，因为我觉得我在这个问题上实在想不出什么主意。 She imparted the secret to her boyfriend. 她把秘密透露她的男朋友。 5.positive：a.明确的，确实的；积极的，反义词：negative a. 消极的，否定的active a. 积极的反义词：passive a. 消极的He gave positive instructions. 他给了明确的指示。Can you be positive about what you saw? 你能肯定你所见到的东西吗？He always adopts a positive attitude when correcting students mistakes. 他在纠正学生的错误时总是采取积极的态度。Motivate作“激励，鼓励”讲时，同义词：encourage v. 激励，鼓励motivate v. 作为的动机；激发They are motivated by a desire to help people.他们是被一种帮助别人的愿望激发起来的。 We are looking for someone who will be able to motivate the staff to work hard.我们正在寻找能够激发员工们努力工作的人Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge. 考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。6.relevant : a. 贴切的，中肯的，与 有关的派生词：relevance n. 相关； irrelevant adj. 不相关的，不贴切的用法：be relevant to 与 相关Topics for conversation should be relevant to the experience and interests of the students. 谈话的题目应该与学生的经历与兴趣有关。Any relevant information should be given to the police. 任何有关信息都应交给警察。His colour isnt relevant to whether he is a good lawyer. 他的肤色与他是否是个好律师无关。communicator n. 传播者、发报机。其动词为：communicate v. 交流communicator n. 传播者；发报机participant n. 参加者 a.参加的participate v.参加attain v. 1. 到达，达到；2. 获得He has attained the highest grade in his music exams.他在音乐考试中获得了最高分。 We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives.我们得找到达到目标的最佳途径。 India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.在经过几十年的斗争后，印度于1947年取得了独立。 attainment n. 1. 达到，到达；2. 常pl. 成就，造诣Student levels/standards of punctuality, behaviour and attainment are very low.学生们关于守时、慎行、有成的标准相当低。 The department has been set some very high attainment targets. 已经给这个部门制定了相当高的成绩目标。 词组： 1.be concerned with：关于，关切，关注Her job is something concerned with computers 她的工作与电脑有关。Your parents are concerned with your health.你父母总是很关心你的健康。相关词组：be concerned about 关心，担心2.to attach importance to 认为很重要3.to take to： 养成. 的习惯；开始喜欢She was so depressed she took to drugs.她极度沮丧以至染上了吸毒的习惯。Shes taken to tennis like a duck to water. 她开始喜欢上网球，而且如鱼得水。相关词汇：take up 从事，占据；take over 接管，接任；take on 具有，承担，呈现4.to putto use 使用；利用to put to good use 充分利用5.on the part of : 就 而言There was no further hesitation, at least on his part, as to what was to be done. 至少对他来说，关于下一步要做什么没有在犹豫。as to = as for 关于至于I have done nothing wrong on my part. 我什么也没做错。on ones part of 在某人这一方面6.to set as objective：把 作为目标The company tries to set the improvement of quality as their objective. 这个公司把提高质量作为他们的目标。Schools should set students development in an all-round way as their objective. 学校应该把学生的全面发展作为自己的目标。all round = all-around 全方位的be involved in 参与，介入to amount to 等价于，等同于，实际上to come into contact with 与。接触attach to possess be satisfied with satisfaction satisfactory satisfying satisfied The _satisfied_ customer left the store with a smile. His answer is far from satisfactory_. He is living in a satisfying way. Relax relaxed relaxing It is desirable thatshould occupation profession X Underlie the theory Lie lay lain lying Lie lied lied Underlying principle Acquire acquisition require Recognize passive positive negative Motivate sb to do sth Motive motivation irrelevant to The teacher attaches great importance to grammar. The country attaches little importance to education. Cast light on What underlies his lack of motivation? What he said is irrelevant to the topic in question. III.课文精讲P.160第一部分：Paras.1-2第一段：1. Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. 观察与研究成果表明，生活在先进的工业化社会的人们越来越关心休闲的机会和休闲中他们能干些什么。be concerned with意思是关心、关切、关注，后接两个并列的宾语opportunities for leisure和what they can do ；increasingly是副词，在此处相当于more and more，意思是越来越。2. The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern. 人们赋予带薪休假的重要性和大众娱乐服务的快速发展是日益关注这一问题的标志。此句主语较长(划线部分)，分为两个部分， 即：The importance people attach to paid holidays paid holidays意为 “带薪假期”（人们对带薪休假的重视）和the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation（大众娱乐服务的快速发展）。其中 people attach to paid holidays是定语修饰 importance。 该句主要结构是The importance and the rapid development are signs.这是主系表结构，主语的第一个名词the importance后接定语从句，第二个名词the rapid development后接介词短语作定语，表语名词signs后接介词短语作定语；attach importance to 意思是重视；increasing是形容词，修饰名词concern（关注），意思是越来越多的。第二段：1. The term quality of life is difficult to define. difficult 后接to do，表示被动意义，不必说成difficult to be done；类似的还有easy, hard, simple等形容词。2. It covers a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. such as意思是例如；and so on表示等等。3. Generally speaking, the quality of life, especially as seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual. especially as seen by the individual 是定语从句，其中的关系代词as 作主语，相当于which is，谓语动词中省去了is 。意思是特别是在个人看来（个人所认为的生活质量）词组 in terms of 的意思是“根据，按照；在方面，就而言”。例如：In terms of education, every person should have opportunity. 就教育来说，每个人都应该有机会。 to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual 是定语从句修饰 the degree 。一般来说，生活质量，特别在个人看来，其意义是由这些不同的生活领域可以供个人享受或者可以使个人满意的程度来衡量的。词组 to degree 到 程度;degree和extent前面常用介词to搭配。例如：Were all involved in this matter, but to different degrees. 我们都与此事有牵连，但程度不一样。The number of terrorist attacks has increased to a frightening degree. 恐怖袭击的次数上升到一个令人恐惧的程度。第二部分：Paras.3-6 1. As activity carried out as one thinks fit during ones spare time, leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. 休闲作为空闲时进行的自己认为适当的活动，休闲具有下列功能：放松、娱乐、个人发展。 此句中第一个 as 是介词，意思是作为。 carried out as one thinks fit during ones spare time 是过去分词短语作定语修饰activity 。第二个as 是连词，引导方式状语从句，修饰动词词组 carried out。carry out是固定词组，意思是进行、执行、实行、履行、完成；carried out ones spare time是过去分词短语，修饰activity，该分词短语中，as one thinks fit是方式状语从句，during ones spare time介词短语，作时间状语。2. The importance of these varies according to the nature of ones job and ones life-style. 该句主语是The importance of these (functions)，谓语动词是varies。3. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. 在工作中需要付出很多精力的人，更渴望休闲时放松。who引导定语从句，修饰people，定语从句中的动词exert意思是运用、行使、施加、发挥、尽（力），常出现exert efforts / strength / pressure / influence 搭配；该句主要成分是people will find relaxation most desirable，其中most desirable是宾语补足语成分，find相当于feel，译为觉得4. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure. tend to意思是倾向于、往往会。P.161第二段：1. The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. 对休闲的利用，人与人不同。vary from to 意思是因而异，vary常与from to 搭配；vary from individual to individual也可作vary from one individual to another。2. Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by diffrent individuals.3. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide escape from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in ones environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other peoples life experiences as portrayed in the programmes. a popular leisure activity是television watching 的同位语成分；冒号后面的内容是the following的同位语成分用来解释看电视的不同利用。改变感受来“逃避”工作的压力和紧张;更多了解自己周围正在发生的一切;提供机会理解自己，通过对比节目中描绘的别人的经历。learn about意思是了解。第三段：1. In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more balanced way of life. 在城市社会中，结构紧密、节奏快捷、充满压力的工作笼罩着人们的生活，某种不同性质的经历，不管是看电视还是看鸟，都能导致自我更新和一种更加“平衡”的生活方式。In an urban society in which looms large in life是介词短语作地点状语，其中in which引导定语从句，修饰society；sth loom large (in )意思是某事笼罩心头、压在心上; 显得严重（突出），阴影逼近；该句主要结构是experiences of a different nature can lead to a self-renewal and a more balanced way of life，其中lead to意思是导致、引起；be it television watching or bird-watching是让步状语从句，因为whether被省略而倒装，本应为whether it is television watching or bird-watching；当出现whether + 主语 + is / are or 时，可将whether省略，is / are置于句首并改为原形be, 整个从句改为倒装结构。第四段：1. Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to ones interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction. 由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事，个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好，并以能为自己带来享乐和满足的方式参与某项活动。Since 引导原因状语从句，that 引导定语从句take to意思是培养、从事；get involved in意思是从事、参与。第三部分：Paras.7-91. Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. 我们的喜爱与厌恶、品味与偏爱决定我们选择这样的活动，如：读书、看电影、野营、或者某些文化追求，所有这些活动均与社会环境和学习经历有关。 本句主要结构是：Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. 主语后面有that引导的定语从句，从句中such activities as 意思是诸如的活动；such + n. + as = n. + such as = n. + like ；谓语be related to表示与有关。2. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, and the mass media. acquire interests in相当于get interests in（获得对的兴趣）；a variety of意思是多种多样的、各种各样的。3. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use. 基本上说，上述态度相当于一个共识：休闲是生活的一个重要方面；相当于一个信念：休闲能够并且应该充分利用。amount to意思是相当于、等于、成为、总计、合计；例如：My income for that year amounts to $10，000 . 那一年我的收入达10，000美元。Your words amount to a refusal. 你的话相当于拒绝此句中的两个that 从句都是同位语从句，分别修饰recognition 和belief 。put to (good) use意思是（好好地）利用。P.162第一段：1. Professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways. 从事娱乐业的专业工作者也会发现，培养大众积极的休闲态度对促进他们以创造性的，满意的方式利用休闲时间十分必要。此句中find 后是that 引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中，从句的主语是动词不定式 to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public , 谓语是系表结构 is essential。 2. Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure. 因此，可以这么说，我们在不同环境中接触的人都可能对形成我们的态度、兴趣、甚至对如何处理休闲时间的技巧产生某些影响。此句的主干结构是主语从句it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that the people . handle leisure。在主语从句中，主语是the people，with whom we come into contact in these various contexts 是其定语。“我们在这些不同环境中接触的人” come into contact with 是固定搭配表示“与 相联系”，“与接触”。 在本句中，介词 with 提前到whom 前面。谓语是are all likely to have exerted some influence“很可能产生某些影响” shaping 后接三个并列宾语，即our attitudes, interests 和skills; be likely to do sth意思是可能，该句中的likely不可替换为possible或probable；试比较：3. Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.第二段：1. Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. 父母、学校的老师、工作中的同事、大众媒体的传播工作者都能对我们的兴趣产生潜在的影响。be capable of意思是能够、能胜任；arouse是及物动词，意思是唤起、唤发、激起。试比较：arouse，arise（不及物动词，意思是出现、发生），raise（及物动词，意思是提高），rise（不及物动词，意思是增加、提高）Rise rose risen Arise arose arisen Arouse aroused aroused Raise raised raised 1. The problem of money _arose_ once he lost his job. 2.The problem of money was_raised_ again at the meeting by the director. arouse： v. 唤醒, 唤起, 鼓励, 引起 e.g Her latest book has so far aroused little interest.到目前为止，他的新书没有引起人们多大的兴趣。 The new law has aroused much public concern.新法律引起公众很大的关注。 They are trying to arouse sympathy for their cause.他们努力唤起人们对他们事业的同情。 I was aroused from my deep sleep by a loud scream.一声尖叫把我从熟睡中唤醒。2. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students. 学校鼓励参加游戏、运动和文化活动的程度和方式可能对形成学生的休闲态度起一定作用the degree后面有to which引导定语从句，the ways后面有in which引导定语从句，因为degree和way前面的介词分别用to和in；由于两个定语从句除了介词不同外，其他部分相同，所以第一个定语从句省去了与第二个定语从句相同的部分。be likely to表示可能；contribute to意思是促使、促进、有助于；on the part of sb = on sbs part意为就而言、从方面来说、在方面。第四部分：Paras.10 1. Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. 学校常常把达到个人均衡发展定为它们的教育目标。句中 set as objective 把 看作是目标 。 the attainment of a balanced development of the person; 是set 的宾语。 as their educational objective 是宾语补足语，因为宾语较长，所以后置。2. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged. 对此追求得越认真，就越可能鼓励人们对待休闲和学术工作持积极态度。The more , the more 是一固定句型，表示越，越；this指代their educational objective；此句中的academic work指教学活动。1. Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. 观察与研究发现表明，生活在发达工业社会的人们越来越关心休闲的机会和在休闲时间他们能够做的活动。 1.The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of service for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern. 人们对带薪休假的重视和大众娱乐服务业的快速发展标志着人们对这一个问题的日益关注。 （to attach importance t认为很重要，重视） We should attach primary importance to a firm and correct political. 我们要把坚定正确的政治方向放在第一位。2.Generally speaking, the quality of life, especial as seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.3.As activity carried out as one thinks fit during ones spare time leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development.4.Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide escape from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in ones environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other peoples life experiences as portrayed in the programmes.5.In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more balanced way of life在城市社会中，结构严密，步调迅速，充满压力的工作笼罩着人们的生活，某种不同性质的经历，不管是看电视还是看鸟，都能导致自我更新和一种“平衡的”生活方式。 Loom large:（庞然出现）压在心头；威胁着；笼罩着 The treat of a nuclear war loomed large in peoples mind. 核战争的威胁压在人们的心头。 be it television watching or bird-watching,是一个让就状语从句，句中无连词。Be与主语倒装，是虚拟语气形式6.Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as readin