明确句子八大成分.doc

第一周明确句子八大成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。一、主语主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.(2013安徽高考书面表达)最近，违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯，给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。(动名词作主语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。(动名词作主语)Mastering_a_foreign_language will be of great help in our life.2使我印象最深的是他们都经过了专业培训。(主语从句)What_impressed_me_most was that they had had professional training. 二、谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。谓语只能由动词(短语)充当，有人称、数和时态的变化。I am delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public are being collected as to selecting the location for the exhibition, which encourages me to write to express my ideas.(2013上海高考书面表达)我非常高兴地得知，上海博物馆将组织一个著名的艺术展览，对于展览的地点正在向公众征求意见，这鼓励我写信来表达我的观点。即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。(动词短语作谓语)When he got_up at 7：00 am, a big plan occurred_to him.2他们会沉迷于电脑游戏，这会对他们的学习有不良影响。(动词短语作谓语)They may_be_addicted_to computer games, which will_have_a_bad_effect_on their studies.三、宾语宾语是动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语和从句等。On the other hand, I will organize some interclass and interschool English communication and competition with the students from other universities to help us students enhance our ability.(2013天津高考书面表达)另一方面，我会组织一些班级之间、学校之间的交流以及与其他学校的学生的竞赛来帮助我们学生提高自己的能力。(名词作宾语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。(动名词作宾语)Suddenly he thought of seeing_the_beautiful_views_of_the_city_again before setting out.2首先，我认为一个人在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。(不定式作宾语，而it作形式宾语)First of all, I think it very important to_make_more_friends_abroad.四、定语定语是用来描述名词或代词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。In reality, different students have different learning habits, which I think influence their learning efficiency greatly.(2013四川高考书面表达)实际上，不同的学生有不同的学习习惯，我认为这会极大地影响他们的学习效率。(定语从句)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找听英语的机会。(不定式作定语)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to_hear_English_spoken_as_much_as_possible.2李华多么后悔浪费在电脑上的宝贵时间！(定语从句)How Li Hua regretted the valuable time (that)_he_had_wasted_on_the_computer!五、状语状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。With the beautiful moon up in the sky, we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruits, sharing our stories.(2013辽宁高考书面表达)美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，一块分享我们的故事。(with复合结构和现在分词作状语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。(形容词作状语)After a weeks trip, he returned home, tired_but_very_happy.2当遇到困难时，他看上去不够坚强，不敢接受挑战。(状语从句的省略句)When_faced_with_difficulties/When_facing_difficulties,_he appears weak and dare not meet the challenges.六、补足语补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.”(2013浙江高考书面表达)它也帮助我更好地理解谚语“熟能生巧”的含义。(不定式作宾语补足语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。(形容词作宾语补足语)Well try our best to make our country more_and_more_beautiful.2因此，不要让你的孩子在温室里成长。(不定式作宾语补足语)Therefore, dont let your children grow_up_in_the_greenhouse.3有人再次发现他流浪在城市街头。(分词作主语补足语)He was once again found wandering_along_the_city_street.七、表语表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语(系表结构)，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。The best way to set up a correct outlook on life is to be aware of ones ability, accept ones reality and adopt a positive attitude to ones dreams.(2013北京高考满分作文)树立正确人生观的最好方式是了解自己的能力、接受现实并采取积极的态度向着梦想前进。(不定式短语作表语)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1我认为好书对学生非常有价值。(介词短语作表语)I think, good books are of_great_value to students.2我们的目的是帮助他们摆脱困境。(不定式短语作表语)Our aim is to_help_them_(to)_get_out_of_the_trouble.八、同位语对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。In the meantime, those volunteers hold the opposite view that they are fed up with the earth life and eager for living on the Mars.(2013上海高考书面表达)同时，那些持相反观点的志愿者认为，他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星居住。(同位语从句)即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1我是李华，一位来自中国的中学生。(名词作同位语)Im Li Hua, a_middle_school_student_from_China.2我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。(同位语从句)I hold the opinion that_we_should_go_to_help_them_(to)_overcome_the_present_difficulty.综合演练提升.分析下列句子成分1. .答案：主语谓语宾语宾补状语2. .答案：主语定语谓语(系动词表语)3. .答案：谓语宾语状语4. .答案：状语主语谓语主补5. .答案：主语谓语宾语状语6. .答案：主语谓语同位语.按要求完成小作文Dear Mr. Headmaster，Im Li Yue, _ (高二一班的学生，用名词作同位语). I am writing to draw your attention to improper behaviour, _ 其中最常见的是随意乱涂(scribble)和乱丢垃圾(litter)，用定语从句. It makes our school _ (脏乱不堪，用形容词作宾补) and does harm to the image of our school. I always feel ashamed _ (每当我看到这点，用状语从句). It is not appropriate _ (对学生来说随意乱涂和乱丢垃圾，用不定式的复合结构作真正主语). I wonder _ (是否学校能够放置更多的垃圾箱，用宾语从句) and set up special rules against such behaviour. At the same time, students _ (应该鼓励，用被动语态作谓语) to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become _ (一个更令人愉快的地方，用名词短语作表语) in the near future. Thank you for your consideration.Yours