短文改错形容词副词解析及练习.doc

短文改错专题（一）形容词和副词一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的语法作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。视觉成像以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough、修饰名词前置，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。(6)形容词变副词：规则例外：不规则变化（9个）good many such fast prettyearly enough no right（7）特殊形容词副词下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常be deadly tired pretty相当be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地be prettily dressedclose近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). hardhardly3、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。（3）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.比较级构成视觉成像表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。修饰比较级如：He works even harder than before.He found he got 2cm higher than one year before when he measured himself yesterday.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting.A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.比较级的特殊结构另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length, depth, width, size ,weight etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）。The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义1)-What do you think of her performance-She couldnt behave better. /I havent seen such a better one before.2)-How do you like the movie?-It cant be _. It is so boringA. goodB. badC. worseD. better(4)最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?He is the tallest(boy)in his class.最高级完整结构： (7)重要的词语辨析（A）ago、before, ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B）already、yet、still, already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。(C)too、also、either, too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。本次课重点视觉成像课堂练习真题演练1. My friend Nick told me a story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. (10全国)2. I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. (12 全国)3. We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. (2012 陕西)4. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. (2012重庆)5. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (2014 全国)6. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! (2014 全国)7. So really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests. (2014 全国大纲)8. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. (2014 陕西)9. Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a seriously problem. (2015 全国)10. Much rare animals are dying out. (2015 全国I)11. Dad and I were terrible worried. (2015 全国II)12. Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. (2015 四川)13. I could easy see the football field. (2015 浙江)14. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world. So I decide to ask her for help. (15 陕西)15. I thought the biscuits were really well. (2015 陕西)16. Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain industry. (2013 全国II)17. I remember my grandfather very much. (2013 全国I)18. When the teacher asks us very difficulty questions, Ill think quickly and stand to answer. (2013 全国)19. Nang is a specially kind of cake in Xinjiang. (2011全国卷1)20. Ifyoudliketomake atriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide. (2011全国卷2)21. Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. （2016全国卷1）22. At one time , I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.（2016全国卷3）23. They were also the best and worse years in my life . （2016全国卷3）能力提升1. For one reason, what you are studying is bad needed nowadays in our country.2. I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face! 3. It, of course, will be beneficially to your understanding of the Chinese language.4. When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back.5. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did.6. Unfortunate, the problem was the journey home.7. The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister, but I just thought it was funny!8. Some people are against the plan, but much more support it.9. Betty stood closely to her teacher and watched closely what he was doing.10. Ill also do plenty of exercise, which wont do me any harm too.11. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily.12. You wont be able to get any farther information until tomorrow.13. When I came back into the house, it was raining more harder and harder.14. If all the people drive such cars in the future, there will be fewer pollution in the air.15. He knew such little French that he couldnt make himself understood.16. Some people online shopping is more convenient and the goods are cheap.17. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes opening.18. Everyone tried their best to reach the top of the hill as faster as they could.19. This morning on my way to school I was deep moved by what I saw outside a bank.20. The old man counted the money again and found that not a single bill was missed.21. Some students may wonder why, as they think being a teacher is hard while the pay is little.22. In size, New Zealand is bigger than Guangdong Province, yet has a much small population.23. In addition, having a glimpse of the vivid pictures and living videos on the Internet contributes to regaining my energy.24. It is a beautiful car, but it is not worthy the price that I paid for it.25. Thats why an American gets uneasy when a listener is silence and show no change of expression.26. He is possible to come to help us if he doesnt have to attend the meeting.27. Maybe I feel comfortable and relaxed in totally darkness.28. Road safety has aroused the widely attention of the public.29. It is what we have experienced along the way to success that we treasure and enjoy mostly.30. The internet also has bad effects on people, specially on teenagers.课后作业：语法填空练习十Enough sleep is important to health. The amount of sleep needed 1_ on the age of the person and the conditions in 2_sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than 3_ old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups. Some can do with 4_ than this amount, but others may need more. Every person knows his own need. 5_ is then a matter of good judgment to satisfy his need. Sleep 6_ always be enough to make one bring back his 7_ (strong) and get ready for a days work.Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. So it is not without reason for some people 8_think that it is practicable to sleep in the open air. A bath at bedtime, 9_ hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful to sleep. Sleep producing drug(帮助睡眠的药物) should never be taken except when 10_ (suggest) by a doctor.语法填空练习十一I asked my uncle, who plays 1_ piano well, 2_ he would assess (评定) the tone of a second-hand piano I was hoping to buy. We arrived 3_ the house and Uncle Frank looked the piano over, then 4_ (sit) down and played a mixture of honky-tonk numbers and classical pieces. When he finished, we told the family that we would call 5_ in 15 minutes.Outside, Uncle Frank said that 6_ the wood was battered (坏掉的)，the sound was good and we should buy it.When I phoned the woman back, she sounded as if she was crying. Concerned, I asked, “Whats the 7_?”“We didnt know the piano 8_ play like that,” she replied. The piano wasnt 9_ sale, and 10_ daughter had to resume(重新开始) taking piano lessons.语法填空练习十二InNorth Americapeople are always in 1_ hurry. Children have special lessons or sports activities 2_ school. Parents often work late and 3_ get home until 7 or 8 oclock at night. Most North American families dont have time to prepare a meal. That is 4_ fast food is so popular inNorth America. People 5_ about 40% of their dollars on fast food.People usually buy fast food from restaurant chains 6_ they can enjoy pizza, sandwiches and so on. Fast food saves work and time, but it is not 7_ (nutrition).American fast-food companies now have restaurants all over the world. But not 8_ is happy about the spread(扩展)of fast food. A group of people inItalywant to fight 9_ the spread. They dont like the idea of more fast food chains 10_(open) restaurants in their country.短文改错1.【2012全国新课标】I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents bought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, Thats it. No more toys to you. My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.2.【2012陕西卷】My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.3.【2012浙江卷】Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. 1 called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do.形容词副词答案真题演练1. interested interesting 2. little less 3. comfortably comfortable 4. happily happy5. taste tasty6. wonderfully wonderful7. really real8. immediate immediately9. seriously serious10. Much Many11. terribleterribly12. many much13. easy easily14. better best15. well good16. Interesting Interestingly17. much well 18. difficulty -difficult19.speciallyspecial 20.better-more21. steadysteadily 22.freelyfree23.worseworst 能力提升1. bad badly 2. hardly hard3. beneficially beneficial4. slow slowly5. rich richer6. Unfortunate Unfortunately7. embarrassing-embarrassed8. much many9. closely close10. too either11. happily happy12. farther- further13. more 删掉14. fewer less15. such so16. cheap -cheaper17. opening open 18. faster fast19. deep deeply20. missed missing21. little low22. small smaller23. living live 24. worthy worth25. silence silent26. possible likely27. totally total28. widely wide29. mostly most30. specially -especially 语法填空练习九1 it2 was given3 ages4 no5 how6 a7 than8 especially9 with10 more语法填空练习十1 depends2 which3 the4 less5 It6 should7 strength8 to9 neither10 suggested语法填空练习十一1 the2 whether/if3 at4 sat5 them6 though/although7 matter/trouble 8 could/should9 for10 her语法填空练习十二1 a2 after3 dont4 why5 spend6 where/and7 nutritious8 everyone/everybody9 against10 opening1.【答案】little-less【解析】根据文意：我不得不多一些耐心而少一些挑衅性。此处l