IS8124-1SafetyofToysPart：MechanicalandPhysicalProperties(doc 92)英文1.doc

ISO8124-1 (FINAL DRAFT)EN71-1:1998F963-96aNotes and CommentsIS 8124-1 Safety of Toys Part 1: Mechanical and Physical PropertiesCompared with EN-71-1:1998 and ASTM F963-96aNote: The comparison below is for reference and evaluation of differences only. This document should not be used in place of the original standards and is not guaranteed to be accurate. See last page of this document for information on obtaining the actual standards.ISO8124-1 (FINAL DRAFT)EN71-1:1998F963-96aNotes and CommentsSCOPEThe requirements in this part of ISO 8124 apply to all toys, i.e. any product or material designed or clearly intended for use in play by children under 14 years of age. They are applicable to a toy as it is initially received by the consumer and, in addition, they apply after a toy is subjected to reasonably foreseeable conditions of normal use and abuse unless specifically noted otherwise. The requirements of this part of ISO 8124 specify acceptable criteria for structural characteristics of toys, such as shape, size, contour, spacing (e.g. rattles, small parts, sharp points and edges, hinge-line clearances) as well as acceptable criteria for properties peculiar to certain categories of toy (e.g. maximum kinetic energy values for non-resilient-tipped projectiles, minimum tip angles for certain ride-on toys).This part of ISO 8124 specifies requirements and test methods for toys intended for use by children in various age groups from birth to 14 years. The requirements vary according to the age group for which a particular toy is intended. The requirements for a particular age group reflect the nature of the hazards and the expected mental and/or physical abilities of the child to cope with them.This part of ISO 8124 also requires that appropriate warnings and/or instructions for use be given on certain toys or their packaging. Due to linguistic problems that may occur in different countries, the wording of these warnings and instructions is not specified but given as general information in annex C. It should be noted that different legal requirements exist in many countries with regard to such marking.This part of ISO 8124 does not purport to cover or include every conceivable potential hazard of a particular toy or toy category. Except for labeling requirements indicating the functional hazards and the age rang for which the toy is intended, this part of ISO 8124 has no requirements for those characteristics of toys that represent an inherent and recognized hazard that is integral to the function of the toy.NOTE: An example of such a hazard is the sharp point necessary for the proper function of a needle. The needle is a hazard that is well understood by the purchaser of a toy sewing kit, and the functional sharp point hazard is communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process as well as at the point of purchase by means cautionaryAs a further example, a toy scooter has inherent and recognized hazards associated with its use (e.g. instability during use, especially whilst learning). The potential hazards associated with its structural characteristics (sharp edges, pinch hazards, etc.) will be minimized by compliance with the requirements of this part of ISO 8124.Product not included within the scope of this part of ISO 8124 are:a) bicycles, except for those considered to be toys, i. e. those having a maximum saddle height of 435 mm (see E.1);b) slingshotsc) darts with metal points;d) public playground equipment;e) compressed air and gas operated guns and pistols (see E.1);f) kites (except for the electric resistance of their strings, which is included);g) model kits, hobby and craft items in which the finished item is not primarily of play value;h) sporting goods and equipment, camping goods, athletic equipment, musical instruments and furniture; however, toys that are their counterparts are included;i) models of aircraft, rockets, boats and land vehicles powered by combustion engines; however, toys that are their counterparts are included (see E.1); j) collectible product not intended for children under 14 years of age;k) holiday decorations that are primarily intended for ornamental purposes;l) aquatic equipment intended to be used in deep water;m) toys installed in public place (e.g. arcades and shopping centers);n) puzzles having more than 500 pieces or without a picture, for specialists;o) fireworks including percussion caps, except percussion caps specifically designed for toys;p) products containing heating elements intended for use under the supervision of an adult in a teaching context;q) steam engines;r) video toys that can be connected to a video screen and operated at a nominal voltage grater than 24V;s) babies pacifiers (dummies);t) faithful reproduction of firearms;u) electric ovens, irons or other functional products operated at a nominal voltage greater than 24V;v) bows for archery with an overall relaxed length exceeding 120cm;w) fashion jewelry for children (see E.1).SCOPEThis part of EN71 specifies requirements and methods of test for mechanical and physical properties of toys. The standard applies to toys for children, toys being any product or material designed or clearly intended for use in play by children of less than 14 years of age. It refers to new toys taking into account the period of foreseeable and normal use and when the toys are used as intended or in a foreseeable way, bearing in mind the normal behavior of children. It includes specific requirements for toys intended for children under 36 months and for children who are too young to sit unaided. Soft filled toys with simple features intended for holding and cuddling are, for the purposes of this standard, considered as toys intended for children under 36 months. This standard also specifies requirements for packaging, marking and labeling.This standard does not cover musical instruments, sports equipment or similar items but does include their toy counterparts. It does not cover electrical safety aspects of toys. These are covered by EN 50088, Safety of electric toys. Furthermore, it does not cover the following items which are not considered as toys for the purpose of this standard: C12Christmas decorations (see C.1); detailed scale models for adult collectors (see C.1); equipment intended to be used collectively in playgrounds; sports equipment; aquatic equipment intended to be used in deep water; folk dolls and decorative dolls and other similar articles for adult collectors; “professional” toys installed in public places (shopping centers, stations, etc.); puzzles with more than 500 pieces or without picture, intended for specialists; air guns and air pistols (see C.1); fireworks, including percussion caps except percussion caps specifically designed for toys; slings and catapults; sets of darts with metallic points; electric ovens, irons or other functional products operated at a nominal voltage exceeding 24V; products containing heating elements intended for use under the supervision of an adult in a teaching context; vehicles with combustion engines (see C.1); toy steam engines; bicycles designed for sport or for travel on the public highway; video toys that can be connected to a video screen, operated at a nominal voltage exceeding 24V; babies dummies (soothers); faithful reproductions of real firearms; fashion jewelry for children (see C.1). In addition, for the purposes of this standard, the following items cannot be considered as toys: floatation aids such as arm bands (see C.24); swimming goggles, sunglasses and other eye protectors as well as bicycle and skateboard helmets (see C.18); items that are propelled into free flight by a child releasing an elastic band (for example airplanes and rockets). These are considered as catapults (see the eleventh indent above); bows for archery with an overall relaxed length exceeding 120 cm. 1. Scope1.1 This specification 2 relates to possible hazards that may not be recognized readily by the public and that may be encountered in the normal use for which a toy is intended orafter reasonably foreseeable abuse. It does not purport to cover every conceivable hazard of a particular toy. This specificationdoes not cover product performance or quality, except as related to safety. Except for the labeling requirements pointing out the functional hazards and age range for which the toy is intended, this specification has no requirements for thoseaspects of a toy that present an inherent and recognized hazard as part of the function of the toy. Such an example is a sharp point necessary for the function of a needle. The needle is aninherent hazard that is well understood by the purchaser of a toy sewing kit, and this hazard is communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process.1.2 On the other hand, while a riding toy has inherent hazards associated with its use (for example, falling off onto the sidewalk), the possible hazards associated with its construction(sharp edges, exposed mechanisms, etc.) will beminimized by the application of this specification.1.3 This specification covers requirements and contains test methods for toys intended for use by children in age groups through 14 years. Different age limits for various requirements will be found in this specification. These limits reflect the nature of the hazards and expected mental or physical ability, or both, of a child to cope with the hazards.1.4 Articles not covered by this specification are as follows: Bicycles Tricycles Sling shots and sharp-pointed darts Playground equipment Non-powder guns Kites Hobby and craft items in which the finished item is not primarily of play value Model kits in which the finished item is not primarily of play value Crayons, paints, chalks, and other similar art materials in which the material itself or the finished item is not primarily of play value, except that all art materials, whether or not a component of a toy, must comply to LHAMA, in accordance with 4.31.1-4.31.3. Sporting goods, camping goods, athletic equipment, musical instruments, and furniture; however, toys that are their counterparts are covered. (It is recognized that there is often a fine line between, for example, a musical instrument or a sporting item and its toy counterpart. The intention of the producer or distributor, as well as normal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse, determines whether the item is a toy counterpart.) Powered models of aircraft, rockets, boats, and land vehicles; however, toys that are their counterparts are covered.1.5 General guidelines for age labeling toys and toy packaging are contained in Annex A1.1.6 Information regarding packaging and shipping is contained in Annex A2. A table to serve as a guide to the requirements contained in this specification, as applicable to various toy categories, is provided in Annex A3.1.7 This consumer safety specification includes the following sections:Title SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology3Safety Requirements 4Material Quality 4.1Flammability 4.2Toxicology 4.3Electrical/Thermal Energy 4.4Impulsive Noise 4.5Small Objects 4.6Accessible Edges 4.7Accessible Points 4.8Projections 4.9Nails and Fasteners 4.10Wires or Rods 4.11Packaging Film 4.12Cords and Elastics 4.13Wheels, Tires, and Axles 4.14Folding Mechanisms and Hinges 4.15Holes, Clearance, and Accessibility of Mechanisms 4.16Stability and Over-Load Requirements 4.17Confined Spaces 4.18Simulated Protective Devices 4.19Projectile Toys 4.20Rattles 4.21Pacifiers 4.22Squeeze Toys 4.23Teethers and Teething Toys 4.24Toys Intended to be Attached to a Crib or Playpen 4.25Toy Chests 4.26Battery-Operated Toys 4.27Flotation Toys 4.28Stroller and Carriage Toys 4.29Stuffed and Beanbag-Type Toys 4.30Art Materials 4.31Toy Gun Marking 4.32Balloons 4.33Marbles 4.34Balls 4.35Preschool Play Figures 4.36Pompoms 4.37Safety Labeling Requirements 5Instructional Literature 6Producers Markings 7Test Methods 8General 8.1Testing for Hazardous Substance Content8.2Method to Dissolve Soluble Matter 8.3Tests for Cleanliness and Preservative Effectiveness 8.4Normal Use Testing 8.5Abuse Testing 8.6Impact Tests 8.7Torque Tests for Removal of Components 8.8Tension Test for Removal of Components 8.9Compression Test 8.10Tests for Tire Removal and Snap-in Wheeland Axle Assembly Removal 8.11Flexure Test 8.12Test for Mouth-Actuated Toys 8.13Tests for Toy Chest Lids and Closures8.14Projectiles 8.15Test for Stability of Ride-On Toys 8.16Identification 9Age Grading Guidelines Annex A1Packaging and Shipping Annex A2Requirements Guide by Toy CategoriesAnnex A3Design Guidelines for Toys Attached to Cribsor Playpens Annex A4Flammability Testing Procedure for ToysAnnex A51.8 The values stated I inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:TERMS AND DEFINITIONS:TERMINOLOGYNOTE: Whenever the term months is used in this part of ISO 8124, it denotes that the designated number of months is completed (i.e. 18 months means up to and including 18 full months of age)For the purposes of this part of ISO 8124, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 accessible(part or component) describing any area of the toy that can be contacted by any portion forward of the collar of the accessibility probe as described in aquatic toyarticle, whether inflatable or not, intended to bear the mass of a child and used as an instrument of play in shallow waterNOTE: Bathroom toys and beach balls are not considered aquatic toys.3.3 ballspherical, ovoid, or ellipsoidal object designed or intended to be thrown, hit, kicked, rolled, dropped or bouncedNOTE 1: This definition includes balls attached to a toy or article by a string, elastic cord or similar tether and also any multisided object formed by connecting planes into, and any novelty item of, a generally spherical ovoid or ellipsoidal shape designed or intended to be used as ball.NOTE 2: This definition does not include dice or balls permanently enclosed inside pinball machines, mazes, or similar outer containers. A ball is permanently enclosed if, when tested according to 5.24 (reasonably foreseeable abuse), it is not removed from the outer container.3.4 backingmaterial adhering to flexible plastic sheeting3.5 battery-operated toytoy having at least one function dependent on electricity and powered by batteries3.6 burrroughness caused by not cleanly severing or finishing the material3.7 collapsesudden or unexpected folding of a structure3.8 cordlength of slender, flexible material3.9 crushinginjury to part of the body resulting from compression between two rigid surfaces3.10 discharge mechanisminanimate system for releasing and propelling a projectile3.11 driving mechanismassembly of linked parts or components (e.g. gears, belts, winding mechanisms), at least one of which moves, powered by a source (e.g. electrical or mechanical means) independent of the child3.12 edgeline, formed at the junction of two surfaces, whose length exceeds 2.0mm3.12.1 curled edgeedge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle of less than 90 degrees with the base sheet3.12.2 hemmed edgeedge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is folded back on the sheet itself through an angle of approximately 180 degrees, so that the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is approximately parallel tot he main sheet 3.12.3 rolled edgeedge in which the portion of the sheet adjacent to the edge is bent into an arc and forms an angle between 90 degrees and 120 degrees with the main sheet3.13 expanding materialmaterial whose volume expands when exposed to water3.14 fastenermechanical device which attaches two or more elements togetherexample: Screws, rivets, staples.3.15 featheringbeveling of an edge (or decrease in thickness moving toward the edge) caused during shearing or cutting of material3.16 flashexcess material that escapes between the mating parts of a molded assembly3.17 folding mechanismhinged, pivoted, folding or sliding assembly that could crush, scissors, pinch or shear during operation example: Toy ironing boards, toy pushchairs3.18 functional toytoy which performs and is used in the same way as, and is often a scale model of, a certain product, appliance or installation intended for adultsexample: Stove with heating properties3.19 fuzzbits of fibrous-type material that can be r