初三英语总复习之——定语从句.docx

定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句作定语在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词，that, which who(宾格 whom,所有格 whose)和关系副词when, where ,why, 关系代词或关系副词在先行词和定语从句之间其联系作用，同时又做定语从句的一个成分。一， 关系代词的用法。 1. that指物，有时也指人，在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可以省略。（1） his father works in a factory that/which makes tv sets. 主语指物（2） Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday.主语指物（3） A plane is a machine that/which can fly.主语指物（4） The coat which/that I put on the desk is black.宾语可省略（5） The books that/which they bought were written by me.宾语可省略（6） 注意：which和that指物时可以互换，但that比which更常见，尤其在口语中，但要注意that可指人而which则不能指人。2. who 指人，that 指物外有时也指人，在从句中做主语或宾语。宾语可省略，作主语不可以省略。（1） the girl who often helps me with my english is from england. 主语（2） the teacher who spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office.（3） Anyone who wants to pass the exam must work hard every day.（4） The boy that /who is playing football on the ground is my brother.（5） The girl who/that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.（6） The girl who/that I like isnt here now.宾语可省略（7） He knew the teacher who/whom/that we met yesterday.3 Whom 指人为who的宾格。其前没有介词时可以用who代替也可省略。 （1）who is the teacher that/whom/who xiaoli is talking to?(2) the doctor with whom she went to the united states last month is very famous.注意：在定语从句中常用介词，当介词放在从句末尾时，who/that/which仍然可以省去，但把介词提到关系代词前，只能用介词加which/whom的结构。这时which不能用that代替。Whom也不可用who代替。 如：the room that/which I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.注意：固定词组，不可把介词提到前边。 如：here are the picture books that/which the chicken are looking for.只能that不能用which引导的定语从句。（1） 定语从句所修饰的词被形容词最高级所修饰时e.g. this is the most interesting story that I have ever heard. 可省略。 （2）定语从句所修饰的词被序数词所修饰时。The children like the second lesson that is about”the football match”（3）定语从句所修饰的词被the only, the very ,the same所修饰时。It is the only word that I know in the passage.可省略This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那个车。（4）定语从句所修饰的词被不定代词，all, any no every little much many等词修饰时，只能用that引导，但something 前有the时 定语从句可由which引出修饰the something.Here is something that I will tell you.I want everything that I wantHere is everything that makese us happy.6. d定语从句修饰词中同时含有人和物时只能用THAT.I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see in the room7.定语从句所修饰词为the one用that引出定语从句。Is it the one that you want?可省略。8.为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后用that引出定语从句。Who is the girl that won the first place?The same.that表示同一个人或物，that只起加强相同语气的作用。即便省去不改变句意，名词前的same也可省略，而the sameas 中的same和as则不能省，只表示。与。一模一样，而不一定是同一个人或物。Eg. I want to buy the same book that you bought. 可以省略。I want to buy the same book as you bought.二关系副词的用法；引导从句的词除了关系代词外，还有关系副词，when, where, why.1 when. 指时， 在定语从句中做时间状语。（1）i still remember the day when I first came to beijing.(2) I will never forget the day when I joined the league.When= on which 指the day.3. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语this is the house where I lived two years ago.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.I know a place where we can swim.4whose 是who的所有格，在从句中用作定语，多指人。You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.The boys whose names were called stood up .Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.人教版新目标九年级Unit 6单元语法精讲 在八年级的学习中，同学们已经认识了宾语从句和状语从句，现在我们来认识一位从句家族的新成员，它叫定语从句。让我先介绍一下吧。1、结构：所谓定语，就是名词和代词的修饰成分，如a good boy中good是定语，bad weather中bad是定语。当定语需要用一个句子才能表达完整时，就出现了定语从句。与前面的good和bad的位置不同，定语从句要放在名词或代词的后面，这时的名词或代词叫做先行词，而从句应翻译在先行词的前面。如：I know the girl who is running. 我认识那个正在跑步的女孩。 （先行词）（定语从句） （定语从句）（先行词）Can you see the book that is on the table? 你看见桌子上的那本书了吗？ （先行词）（定语从句） （定语从句）（先行词）2、关系代词的使用：以上两个例句中的who 和that就是定语从句中的关系代词。关系代词在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个结构，代替先行词在从句中充当的成分。同学们可以参照下表来学习：关系代词指代范围例句that：在从句中可以作主语或宾语指代人That is the PE teacher that plays soccer best.(作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。He isnt the person that I talked to just now.（作宾语）他不是刚才我与之谈话的那个人。指代物I like the cat that has four white feet.（作主语）我喜欢那只长着四只白色爪子的猫。This is the cat that I like best.（作宾语）这就是我最喜欢的那只猫。who:在从句中可以作主语whom:在从句中可以作宾语指代人That is the PE teacher who plays soccer best.(作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。He isnt the person whom I talked to just now.（作宾语）他不是刚才我与之谈话的那个人。which:在从句中可以作主语或宾语指代物Can you show me the clothing store which is the nearest?(作主语)你能指给我最近的服装店吗？The book which youre looking for is Toms.(作宾语)你正找的那本书是汤姆的。whose:在从句中作定语指代人Do you know the boy whose mother is our math teacher?你认识那个他妈妈是咱们数学老师的男孩吗？指代物My uncle has bought a new car whose color is light blue.我叔叔买了一辆颜色是浅蓝色的新车。使用关系代词时要注意，关系代词在从句中作宾语时是可以省略的，如上表中的四个例句，还可以理解为：在从句中已有独立主语的情况下，关系代词可以省略。1. The town _ we visited a few years ago is much large than before. A. it B. who C. whichD. when2. Mianyang is a beautiful city _ attracts millions of tourists each year. A. where B. which C. what D. who 3. I like the music _ I can dance to. A. that B. whose C. when D. who4. -Do you like the red car _ is made in Tianjin ? -Sure, it looks terrific. A. where B. who C. which D. when 5. Im a football fan. Im interested in everything_is about the 2006 World Cup. A. who B. that C. where D. when6. 一Is the girl_is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? 一Yes，she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whomB. which C. who D. whose 7. The spaceship _ will be launched (发射) in 2008 will be called Shenzhou VII. A. who B. that C. what D. when 8. The number of people _ lost their lives in Indonesian earthquake（印尼地震） reached as many as 6200. A. which B. who C. whom D./ 9. The movie is about a true story _ happened in Korea in 1945. A. it B. who C. which D. when 10. A. A girl called Liu Fangyan takes good care of her blind mother. 同意句变化 B. The girl who _ _ Liu Fangyan looks after her blind mother carefully. 答案：1、C 2、B3、A4、C5、B 6、C7、B8、B9、C10、is called初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习I.单项填空 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？ -Yes， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agreesB. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D. who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in 、用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _we live in is very old. 5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？ 参考答案： I.1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD如何区分定语从句？简单句 a red coat 定语（作coat的定语，起限定的作用） 定语从句复合句I have a coat which is red 定语从句（来限定说明coat） 先行词 关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词） 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一个名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句。它位于被修饰的词后面，其作用相当于一个形容词。被修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句常由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as 和关系副词when, where, why 引导。如何使用关系代词一、 先行词指人时，关系代词可用who, whom, that。who在从句中只作主语，whom在从句中只作宾语，that在从句中可作主语或宾语，若在从句中作宾语则常被省略。如：1. A friend who/that helps you in time of need is a real friend.2. The students whom/that you teach are now doing experiments.二、 行词指物时，关系代词用that 或which, 在从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时，可省略。如：1. These are the trees that/which were planted last year.2. Is this the book that/which you are looking for？ (look for寻找)三、that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。 1.The book (that) you are reading is mine. 2. The book which you are reading is mine. which在本句中作宾语则不能省略四、whose 前的先行词多数是指人，也可指物。如：1. The book whose cover is red belongs to（属于） me.2. The girl whose coat is red is my sister.如何使用关系副词一、先行词是一个表示时间的词如：time, hour, day, month, year时，其所对应的关系词如在定语从句中作时间状语，则用关系副词when。 (即先行词是时间时，关系副词用when).I still remember the day _ C _ I first met Mary.A. that B. which C. when D. Who三、 先行词是一个表示地点的词时，关系副词用where。.Is this the factory _ B _ he worked ten years ago?A. that B. where C. which D. the one.This is the city_A_lived two years ago. A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in which四、行词是the reason时，关系副词用why,也可省略。如：.That is the reason (why) I did it.Do you know the reason(why)she has changed her mind?定语从句练习：一、将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。1. He is the young writerHe wrote the book2. Do you know the doctor? He comes here once a month3. I ve received the bookFather sent it to me4. Whats the name of the girl? Her grandpa took part in the Long March5. The man looks like the actorIve heard his songs on TV6. Do you see the bridge? It was built last year7. The old man is a professor He teaches chemistry in a college8. The bike was not good You wanted to buy it三、选择填空1. Do you know the girl _necklace has been stolen? A. her B. which C. that D. whose2. When she came back from London, she told us about the schools and teachers_ she had visited.A. why B. that C. which D. where3. The notebook_ cover is red is mine. A. who B. which C. whose D. that4. The best books _I borrowed from the library are all here. A. where B. that C. what D. whatever5. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one6. Is this factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the oneHe is the young writer who wrote the book. Do you know the doctor who comes here once a month.Ive received the book which Father sent to me.Whats the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in the Long March.The man looks like the actor whose songs Ive heard on TV. Do you see the bridge which was built last year.The old man is a professor who teaches chemistry in a collegeYou want to buy the bike which is not good.DBCBAD初中英语语法：定语从句语法专项训练用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study.7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19. This is the way_he did it.20. Who is the student _was late for school today?21. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother_you didnt like?23. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.24. He lives in the room, the window_faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point _Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought itC. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agreeC. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we liveC. where we live in D. we live in. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？KEYS:1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where参考答案：I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that【中考范例】1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题) -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。2. (2004年常州市中考试题) The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。3. (2004年扬州市中考试题) -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。4. (2004年益阳市中考试题)I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。【满分演练】【中考范例】1.-Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who2. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that3. -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which4. I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1. The boy is my younger brothe