初中英语宾语从句讲解.ppt

宾语从句ObjectClauses 一 教学任务宾语从句学习二 教学重点1 宾语从句的概念2 宾语从句的引导词3 宾语从句中的语序4 宾语从句的时态变化 Weknowhim WeknowhelikesEnglish 主s 主s 谓v 谓v 宾o 宾o 宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 简单句 复合句 一什么是宾语从句 试比较 1 Iamsure that itisaruler 2 Ithink that itisabusstation 3 Wecansee that theyareskatinghappily 4 Doyouthink that itisarailwaystation 主句 引导词 宾语从句 Back DoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut 宇航员 Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone Idon tknowifhewillcometonight Let sfindoutwhat sontonight FindouttheObjectClauses WeareproudofthatBeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld 二 宾语从句三要素 连接词 时态 语序 一 连接词 1 that引导2 whether if 是否 引导3 连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4 连接副词whenwhywherehow hewillbebackinanhour Ihear Ihear hewillbebackinanhour Hewillbebackinanhour个都是什么种类的句子 A 陈述句B一般疑问句C 特殊疑问句 引导词 that whether if who whom what which Whose Where when how why that 引导词的选择 当宾语从句是陈述句时 用that引导 宾语从句 主句 1 TheseflowerswerefromGuangdong Hesaid Hesaid theseflowerswerefromGuangdong 2 Lightgoesfasterthansound Myteachertoldme Myteachertoldme lightgoesfasterthansound that that Ithink youwilllikehim A thatB ifC whyD how that 2 hemissedusverymuch hesaid 3 theearthmoves aroundthesun theteachertoldus Hesaidthathemissedusverymuch Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun 注 that在句中无词汇意义 在从句中不能充当成分 在口语当中往往省略 二 由从属连词whether if引导的宾语从句 if或whether引导由一般疑问句句变来的宾语从句 DoesMrLilivehere 宾语从句 Couldyoutellme 主句 DoesMrLilivehere 是什么句型 A 陈述句B一般疑问句C 特殊疑问句 Couldyoutellme Mr Liliveshere Whether if 1 Doeshestillliveinthatstreet Idon tknow Idon tknow hestilllivesinthatstreet if whether 2 Dotheywantfriedchicken Heaskedtheboys Heaskedtheboys they friedchicken ifwanted 3 Dotheyliketogoskiing Heasked Heaskediftheylikedtogoskiing 1 Heasked 2 Doyouknow 3 Heasked 4 Doyouknow 5 Pleasetellme 6 Canyoutellme 7 Couldyoutellme whocouldanswerthequestion whomtheyarewaitingfor whosebikewasthebestintheclass whenwe llhaveameeting whereheis howIcangettothestation whythetrainislate 三 由连接代词Who whom whose which what和连接副词where how why when引导的宾从 代词或副词连接主句和从句 并在从句中担任句子成分 具有一定的意义 不可省略 1 Theyoungmanasked it ssummerorwinter A eitherB thatC weatherD whether2 Wedon tknow theydidit A howB whoC whatD which3 Theteacherasksus Jimcancomebackontime A thatB ifC whenD whattime4 Doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot A ifB whereC whetherD that D A B C Haveatry HelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime 二 宾语从句的语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句 宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序 即是 主语在前 谓语在后 的顺序 练习 将下列句子改成陈述句语序 1 Isthereabanknearhere 2 IsitonFifthAvenue 3 Aretheydoinghomework Thereisabanknearhere ItisonFifthAvenue Theyaredoinghomework 1 Wheredidsheputhercar Doyouknow Doyouknow hercar 2 Whatdoesheoftentalkabout Thegirlwondered Thegirlwondered often about 3 Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly Idon tknow Idon tknow atthedoorsoloudly 4 Whendoesthetrainarrive Pleasetellme Pleasetellme wheresheput whathetalked whoknocked whenthetrainarrives 注 当从句的原句为以下句子以及what who作主语时 语序不变 What swrong What sthematter What shappening Whathappened eg Idon tknowwhat sthematter Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere 三 宾语从句中时态的变化 填一填 was is willcook issinging hasbeen wasplaying hadlearned 1 当主句是一般现在时 宾语从句的时态不作限制 我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态 需要性原则 2 当主句是一般过去时的时候 宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态 从而达到主句和从句的相互一致 呼应性原则 1 HewillgotoHongKong 2 Heissick 3 Heisreadingabook 4 Hehasfinishedhiswork 1 HetoHongKong 2 Hesick 3 Heabook 4 He 辨一辨 wouldgo was wasreading hiswork hadfinished 3 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时 就不用受到主句时态的限制 仍是用一般现在时态 特殊性原则 Hetoldme that SummerisafterSpring Iwastold that thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon Myparentstoldme that nonewsisgoodnews 比一比 确定从句的时态 根据主句时态 主句时态 从句时态 连接前 连接后 一般现在时 时态保持不变 一般过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 Theradiosaysit cloudytomorrow be Theheadmasterhopeseverything well go Tomsaysthatthey play basketballatsixo clockyesterdayevening Ihearthey return italready Hesaidthatthey membersofthePartysince1948 be Heaskedwhatthey ateightlastnight do Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight fasterthansound travel Ithinkyou aboutthemurdernow talk willbe goes wereplaying havereturned hadbeen travels aretalking weredoing Exercise fillintheblanks 宾语从句三要素 that 陈述句 if whether 一般疑问句 特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句 主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态 语序 宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序 客观真理自然现象公式定理名言警句时态不变 七 本课小结 宾语从句中应该注意的问题 1 If与whether的区别 2 祈使句 If与whether的区别 Idon tknow hewillcomeornot Idon tcareof heishandsome Hewondered tostayherethenextweek hewillcomeisnotdecided 与or或ornot连用只能用whether 介词后只能用whether 与todo不定式连用只能用whether 作主语只能用whether A Doitbyyourselves 2 祈使句 Teacheraskedme todoitbyyourselves B Don tlaughatothers Fathertoldus nottolaughatothers C Don tplayinthestreet Hewantedhim nottoplayinthestreet 祈使句不能变成宾语从句 但可以用不定式连接 宾语从句与简单句的转换 主主从主 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同 且主句的谓语动词是hope wish decide agree choose等时 从句可简化为不定式结构 主 间 宾从主 当宾语从句的主语和主句的宾语相同 且主句的谓语动词是know remember forget learn等词时 从句可简化为疑问词 不定式结构 比一比Idon tknowwhereIshouldgo TellmehowIcandoit Idon tknowwheretogo Tellmehowtodoit 你有什么发现 结论 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 疑问词 todo的简单句 条件 1 主主从主 2 主 间 宾从主练一练1 Idon tknowwhatIshalldonext 变为简单句 Idon tknownext 2 Johndidn tdecidewhichbookhewouldbuy 变为简单句 Johndidn tdecide 3 Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop 变为复合句 Canyoutellmethebusstop 4 PleasetellLucyhowtousetheMP5 变为复合句 CanyoutellLucytheMP5 五 宾语从句与简单句的转换 Whattodo whichbooktobuy howIcangetto howshecanuse A Hewon tgoswimming Ithink 4 否定前移 Idon tthink thathewillgoswimming B Hedidn tfinishit Weguess Wedon tguess thathefinishedit C Tomcan tdance Webelieve Wedon tbelieve thatTomcandance Back 当宾语从句表示否定的意义 主句为第一人称 动词为think guess believe时 常将从句的否定移到主句上 Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem 1Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive 2SheknewthatDannyisastudent 3Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn 4Doyouknowwhocaritis was is whose 六 课堂检测 1 A Heaskswhenhewillgotothelibrary B Heaskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 A Idon tknowwhathewantstobuy B Idon tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy 3 A Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet B Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet Answer A Answer A Answer A Couldyoutellme A wherethetw