英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结.docx

此文档收集于网络，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除虚拟语气:表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。一、 条件状语从句中的用法从句 谓语形式主句 谓语形式现在were/ did would/could/should (+not)+ do过去had done would/could/should/might (not)+ have done将来1. were/did2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might(not)+ do 简单记法：if were/did, would doif had done, would have doneif were to do/should do, would do举例：If I were you, I would do nothing about it.If you had taken your teachers advice, you wouldnt have made such a mistake.If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldnt go shopping.附注：虚拟语气，条件状从倒装状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should如：If I were you, I would give up.Were I you, I would give upIf you had taken the advice, you would have.Had you taken the advice, you would haveIf the world should come to an end,Should the world come to an end另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today.(popularization 普及，publicity 宣传)Without your help, I would have failed.Well go earlier, otherwise we wouldnt get a seat. （表示可能性小）但其实，高中英语考试也常考：错综虚拟语气条件句即： 假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致，此时，主句和从句要根据各自的时间而定。举例：If our government had known better how to lay out the road construction, the traffic jam problem would not be so serious today.(lay out 规划、设计、安排、陈设、摆放 layout n.布局、规划)二、特殊句式：1. wish +宾语从句现在Weredid过去Had done将来Would/could/might do 去掉shouldI wish my parents wouldnt punish me.I wish I hadnt made such an irrevocable mistake. (irrevocable不可撤销、不可以挽回的)2.十个词一坚持：insist （表示坚持主张、认为，不表示坚持说）二命令：order, command三建议：advise, propose, suggest （表示建议，不表示表明、显示、暗示）四要求：desire, demand, require, request (两R两D)这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用 (should +) do的形式 should可省略例：We suggested that Tom （should）have a rest.Its suggested that the plan be carried out before long. (before long, 不久之后, long before很久以前)尝试翻译：他坚决要求我到场 同时，这些动词的名词形式构成的名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、同位语）也要用虚拟语气order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire.例Its an order that the soldiers obey the rules in the army.My suggestion is that everyone of us three finish one part of this project and then we integrate them together. (integrate整合)3. would rather 宁愿 从句当中谓语形式现在过去时过去过去完成时将来过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had been to the movie instead of me.Dont come today, I would rather you came tomorrow.4. 部分As if/though 句子 好像、似乎Tom told me this fairy tale in a manner as if it had happened for real yesterday.5. If only. 要是就好了从句中谓语动词形式：现在过去式过去Had doneIf only she knew that its I who sent the gift to her.6. Its ( about/ high) time that 是时候做+ 1、过去式 2、should doIts time that you went to bed.说到这里，补充两个句式：It is the 1st (2nd /3rd ) time that have/ has done.It was the 1st time that had done.7. Its necessary/ strange/ natural/ important/essential that. 从句动词用 (should) doIts essential that we master a foreign language when doing international trade and business. (essential 必要的、本质的、基本的.)8. 情态动词+have donewould have done 本来要做could have done 本能够做（却没做）might have done 本来可能should/ought to have done 本来应该做shouldnt/ oughtnt to have done 本来不应该做neednt have done 本来不必要做你本来不应该告诉她真相。当时我没有足够的钱，否则我会买那本书的。练习：1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken2. He talked as if he _ for years. A. is living there B. was living there C. has lived there D. had lived there.3. _ you listened to the doctor, you _all right now. A. Had, would be B. Had, would have been C. If, would be D. If, would have been4. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would be C. could have been D. would have been5._ today, he would get there by Friday. (双选) A. Had he left B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave E. Would he leave6. He treated me as though _ his own son. A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were7. _I be free tomorrow, I could go with you A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must8. Should it rain, the crops_ A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved9. Have you ever been to Tokyo? -No. but I wish I _.A. have B. will C. do D. had10 .I wish I _ there then.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be11. She was so upset that she burst into tears. I would rather you _her all about it,A didnt tell B. hadnt toldB. dont tell D. wont tell12. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _free A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set13. He made the demand that the journalists _ at once _Iraq A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for14. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey15. Its time that we _ to bed. A. must go B. will go C. went D. have gone16. If only I _ my watch. A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt D. dont17. If only I _ as young as you are. A. being B. am C. be D. were E. was18. A few minutes earlier and we _ the train. (双选) A. have caught B. had caught C. were to catch D. could have c