英语复习----名词.doc

名词专项训练 第一部分：高考真题1.【2012浙江卷7】Your_ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.A. operation B. growthC. performanceD. characterC【解题思路】句意：作为学生，如果你养成这样的习惯对自己的学习方法进行反思，你的表现将会非常出色。Performance 表现；operation手术操作 growth成长 character个性。根据句意可知选C项。2.【2012福建卷25】一 Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?一 Well, you know, English is my_. So it is my best choice.A. strength B. talent C. abilityD. skillA【解题思路】句意：你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？哎，你是知道的，英语是我的强项，所以这是我最好的选择。Strength优势，长处。符合句意故选A。3.【2012湖北卷30】The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct _ in applying for a visa. A. pattern B. procedure C. program D. perspectiveB【解题思路】句意：官员坚持说，Michael在申请签证的时候没有遵循正确的程序。Pattern模式，方式 procedure程序，步骤 program节目，计划 perspective态度，观点 此处表示“正确的程序或步骤”，因此选B。4.【2012江苏卷21】 Can I help you with it? I appreciate your , but I can manage it myself.A. adviceB. questionC. offer D. ideaC 【解题思路】“我能帮助你吗？”“我很感激你的好意，但是我自己能完成。”offer主动提议，建议。符合语境。此题容易误选advice建议，而此问句是能为你提供帮助吗？故只能用offer.5.【2012江西卷29】 Youd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future .Apurpose Breference Cprogress DmemoryB 【解题思路】句意：你最好把那家餐馆的电话号码写下来以便将来查看。reference查看，查阅。符合句意。 6.【2012四川卷15】He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. Its just a matter of _. A. luck B. value C. time D. fact选C。 句意：他迟早会理解你的努力的，这是时间问题。A matter of time时间问题。7.【2012全国II，19】 The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great _ in this city. A. quantity B. progress C. production D. demand选D 句意：哈利波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。Be in demand意为“广受欢迎，需求大”，符合句意。8【2012天津卷】You were working too hard. Youd better keep a _between work and relaxation. A. promise B. leadC. balanceD. diary选C 句意：你工作太劳累了。你最好使工作与休闲保持均衡。Keep a balance保持均衡, keep a promise遵守诺言, keep a diary记日记.9.【2011江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _.AconsequenceBindependenceCcompetenceDintelligence选C句意：教师必须不断更新自己的知识以维持他们的专业能力competence能力，胜任10.【2011福建卷,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _of global climate change.A. result B. cause C. warning D. reflection选B【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。” result “结果”； cause “原因”； warning “警告”； reflection “反映， 反射；回响” 。 cause 与 global climate change 存在着因果关系，故选 B 。 11.【2011浙江卷,18】Anyway, I cant cheat himits against all my _.A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions选B【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他这违反我的原则。” emotion “情绪”； principle “原则，准则”； regulation “规定，规则”； opinions “意见”。根据句意选 B 。 12.【2011四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens . A. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance选C【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。” out of touch “不联系，不接触”； out of sight “看不见 , 在视野之外”； out of reach “手够不着 , 达不到”； out of distance “ 远离 =far away ” 。根据前面的交代的危险品，选 C 。 13.【2011湖北卷,21】“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with_ clearly in her voice.A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic选D【解析】 考查名词的辨义。句意：“ Tommy ，快跑！快点！房子着火了！母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌 。” Anger “生气”； rudeness “粗鲁”； regret “后悔”； panic “惊慌，慌乱”。根据句意选 D 。 14.【2011湖北卷,22】Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big_, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition选B【解析】 考查名词的辨义。句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。 ” project “项目 , 计划 , 方案 , 课题” ； commitment “决心，承诺，许诺，保证”； competition “比赛 ， 竞争”； ambition “抱负，雄心，野心”。 commitment 与后面的 decision 相呼应，故选 B 。 15.【2011湖北卷,30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _ younger men.A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of选C 句意：当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿 意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。A项指就-而言，B项指需要，C项指赞成支持，D项赞扬，称赞，故选C项。16.【2011江西卷31】Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?A. sympathy B. theme C. object D. point【解析】sympathy 同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point 意 义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他 的意义是什么？故选D。17.【2011山东卷,34】Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship选A【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时， 他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition 传统；balance 平衡； concern 关心；relationship 关系，联系。句中somebody 与they 相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition 作【答案】。18.【2011江苏卷,32】Wed better discuss everything _ before we work out the plan.Ain detail Bin general Con purpose Don time【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定 计划。In detail 详细地； general 一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose 故意地；on time 准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划， 选A。19.【2009 福建】The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any _when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. A. delayB. effortC. scheduleD. consideration 答案A delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力； schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑, 体谅；关心。题干意 思是：当H1N1 型流感2009 年4 月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫 不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。20.【2010 江苏】The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization选B 【解析】reputation 名声 expectation 期望 Contribution 贡献Civilization 文明 句意：这位医生很擅长治疗心脏病，从不接受病人的任何礼物，所以他有着非常好的声誉。 21.【2009 山东】-He says that my new car is a _ of money. -Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lackB. loadC. questionD. waste选D 句意：-他说我的新车简直是浪费钱。-你不觉得这些话只是酸葡萄。22.【2006天津】Finding information in todays world is easy. The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge选C 【解析】challenge 意为 “挑战, 艰巨任务, 难题”, 句意:由于我们现 在正处于信息爆炸的时代, 在当今时代中找到信息是一件很 容易的事, 但区分出这些信息是否有用的确是一个难题。23.【2008湖北卷】The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation. A. predictionB. promiseC. planD. contribution选B。句意为：这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将 努力自食其力。make a promise 许诺, 答应, 其后的that 从句 为同位语从句, 补充说明先行词 promise 的内容, 其他选项不 合句意。24.【2007 上海春】AIDS control and prevention is a to China as well as the whole worldAsurprise Bchallenge Creaction Dthreat选B，句意为艾滋病的防治不仅对中国还有全世界都是一个挑战。25.【2010 天津】）James took the magazines off the little table to make_for the television. A. room B. area C. field D. position选A 【解析】句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电 视腾出空间。make room for 是固定搭配, 意思是 “为让 空”的意思, 其中的room 是不可数名词。26.【2008福建】 Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion选C【解析】句意：有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢？ sense “感觉, 思考, 意义”；matter “事件, 问题, 原因”；case 事, 案例, 容器opinion “意见, 看法, 主张”。27.【2007山东】I cant say which wine is beatits a (n) _ of personal taste. Aaffair Bevent Cmatter Dvariety选A【解析】句意：我无法说哪种酒最好这是个人口味爱好的 问题。A matter of 关于-的问题。28.【2006全国3】It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way 选A， its no use doing sth做某事是没用的。 29.【2006江西】It is said that dogs will keep you_ as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. safety B. company C. house D. friend 答案B30.【2007 湖北】Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A. pointB. ideaC. attitudeD. sight选C【解析】point 点;意义;idea主意, 念头;attitude态度, 看法;sight 视力。句意为:尽管对一个人的饮食的态度有着很大的不同, 但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特殊的东西。31.【2010安徽】I havent seen Sara since she was a girl，and she has changed beyond A. hearing B. strength C. recognition D measure选C【解析】hearing “听力”；strength “力气；力量”； recognition “认出；识别；认识”； measure “测量； 措施”。句意为 “-她变得认不出来了。”32.【2007 天津卷】One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living _. A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges选B 【解析】句意为：一月1 000 美元不是一笔财富, 但是能帮助 支付我的生活费用。A 项为 “账单”；B 项为 “花费；费用”；C 项为 “价格”;D 项为 “价格；索价”。33.【2009 天津】Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late. A. tradition B. convenienceC. habit D. leisure选C 句意为, 我一直试图改变起床晚 的习惯。tradition 传统, 常规；convenience 方便；leisure 休闲 时间, 闲暇。34.【2010 湖北】After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide _for the homeless families. A. accommodationB. occupationC. equipmentD. furniture答案A35.【2010 浙江】The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _ .A. solution B. target C. measure D. function选A 句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析 问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。solution 解决方法；target 目标；measure 措施；function 功能。36.【2008天津卷】 Most air pollution is caused by the burning of _ like coal, gas and oil. A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products答案A 【解析】coal, gas and oil 均为 “燃料(fuels)”。37.【2008山东】 I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real_.A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business答案B 【解析】bargain 用作名词时, 意为 “廉价货, 便宜货”, a real bargain 意为 “真便宜”。38.【2008安徽卷】To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our _” A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices答案D 解析】由语境可知, 此处指人类的语言, 而语言是人类说的, 因此用voices, 而不用其他选项。39.【2009湖北】To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values答案A 为了是队员们表现得更出色，教练首先必须得了解他们的长处和弱点。 40.【2009湖北】In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a_ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure选A 【解析】根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择 signal。41.【2007 安徽卷】The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common _in many parts of the city. A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance答案C 【解析】街边晾晒衣服在这个城市的许多地方随处可见。42.【2007 福建卷】You are always full of . Can you tell me the secret? Taking plenty of exercise every day.A. powerB. strengthC. forceD. energy答案D 43.【2007 陕西卷】He and his wife are of the same ;they both want their son to go to college.A. soulB. spiritC. heartD. mind答案D 【解析】 the same mind 为固定短语，意为“对看法相同，注意一样”44.【2006上海春】Put the _ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound. A. tip B. top C. peak D. pole 答案A 【解析】当你在发音时用舌尖顶住上齿。45.【2006辽宁】School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous _. A. states B. conditionsC. situationsD. positions选C 句意：学校的孩子们必须学会如何应对危险的处境。States状态 condition条件,情况 situation形势，情境，局面 position位置。 故选C第二部份：跟踪检测1. This restaurant has become popular for its wide_ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle答案C 这个餐厅因为其能满足各种口味和消费水平的食物范围广受欢迎。Range范围2. Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a(n)_ of 40,000 per year. A. averageB. numberC. amountD. quantity答案A 3. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy_to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passage C. way D. approach答案A 解析：这套系统设计的目的是为了让学生快捷方便地享用图书馆的资源。access to固定短语，意为“有权使用，有机会接近”。passage通道，道路；way方式，方法；approach方法。4. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character答案D 句意：独自徒步旅行很有趣并且对健康有益。它也可能有益于性格的形成。5. Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry. This is not the right _ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. A. moment B. situationC. place D. chance答案A -不好意思。现在不是时候，我太累了不想出去。Moment符合句意。6. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_.A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon答案A，这两国家的最高领导人正在一个友好的氛围中举行会谈。7. Every ton of this recycled paper uses 90 litres of water in its _. A. structure B. manufacture C. construction D. organization答案B 句意：这种回收纸在制造时每吨要使用90公升的水。8. My morning _ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast. A. drillB. actionC. regulation D. routine答案D 句意：我早晨的惯例包括在公园里慢跑和早餐时读报。routine “常规；惯例；例行公事” drill操练，训练. regulation规章，规则 action行动，没有“练习”的含义。9. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _ of exercise. A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand 答案 B. 句意：健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼息息相关。10. Of the seven days in the a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ for a wedding in some countries. A. way B. situation C. event D. choice 答案D 句意：一个星期的七天中，据说在星期六举行婚礼是一些国家中最受欢迎的选择。11. - If you like I can do some shopping for you. - Thats a very kind of you for your_. A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion答案A offer 也可以表示提议而且是对方主动提出来的。12.Always read the _on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 答案B instructions 指令 说明；A项是解释；C项是描述；D项是介绍引入； 13. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of _ . A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 答案B 14. The _on his face told me that he was angry. A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression 答案D 他脸上的表情告诉我他生气了。 15. For professional athletes, _ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.A. accessB. attachment C. appealD. approach 答案A 句意：对专业运动员而言，进入奥林匹克运动会意味着他们有载入史册的机会。16. You will be at a（n） _ if you have thought about the interview questions in advance in application for a jobAfavorBadvantageCbenefit Dprofit答案B 句意：在应聘工作时如果你提前想到面试的问题那么你就有优势些。17. Angela and Ajani will pick up the marriage _ after they meet online several times, which is not sensible.A. acquisition B. identification C. certificate D. qualification解析：选C 根据“在网上见过几次面就要领取结婚证”可知C项证书符合语意。Acquisition获得得到 identification见证 辨认qualification资格 学历18. What do you think of their new house? Its very modern，but they have some antique _in itAfurniture Bfurnitures Cpiece of furnitures D piece of furniture解析：选A 答语“非常现代化，但是里面有些古老的家具” furniture为不可数名词。19. His story of the accident does not make any_He is telling a lie Adifference Bsense Cexcuse Dpoint答案B 20. The black furnishings in his house provide an interesting _ to the white wallsAcomparisonBcontrastCopposition Ddifference答案B 句意：黑色家具和白色墙壁形成很有意思的对比.21. In Mr. Wangs class, you will often hear “a good reporter must have a(n) _ for news”. A. nose B. eye C. gift D. taste答案B 句意：在王老师的课上，你会经常听到“一个好的记者必须要有探测新闻的能力” 。22. According to police _, Mr. and Mrs. Hunt were found dead on the floor of their kitchen. A. assessments B. predictions C. accounts D. principles答案C accounts 解释23. In Rome, its a common_ to have a shot of espresso after breakfast.ApracticeBtasteCsenseDcustom【解析】 A本题考查名词词义辨析。practice惯例，侧重习惯性做某事；taste味道，品味；sense感觉，观念；customs海关。由语境可知，在罗马，早餐后喝杯浓咖啡是个惯例。common sense常识。选A。 24 Mom, can you give me an extra 200 yuan a month? Son, we have just bought a house, and from now on we need to practice strict _.A. economyB. medicineC. self-controlD. patience答案A 根据答语“我们刚买了房子，从现在起我们要例行节约”可知选A 25. Oh, We shouldnt keep him waiting long, for he is not a person of _.A. courageB. determinationC. patienceD. responsibility答案C a person of patience一个有耐心的人26. Many people are worried that so many college graduates each year cant find a job. There is no need to worry about it as the government is now making every _ to provide more jobs.A. effort B. effect C. measure D. action答案A make every effort to do-尽一切努力去做-27. The traffic slowed down because of the heavy snow in Yushu county, presenting a new _ to the recovery from the earthquake.A. sufferingB. disasterC. challenge D. damage答案C 28. The factory near the seaside was closed down as a(n) _ of the terribly bad management and fund shortage.A. summaryB. consequenceC. conclusion D. effect答案B as a consequence of 由于-的结果29. Companies are struggling to find the right _ between supply and demand, but it is no easy task.A. balanceB. processC. equalityD. pattern答案A 句意：公司都力争在供应与需求二者之间找到恰当的平衡，但这不是容易的事情。30.As we all know, the Internet will let people have_to huge amounts of information from their own homes.A. access B. way C. means D. entrance 解析：选A 这里是sb. have the access to sth.有接触到的途径，方法，表示他们能接触到这类东西the entrance to 表示 的入口，一般是the entrance to university/ the cinema 这类的the way to sp. 去的路the way to do sth. 做的方法 31. He finds it hard to keep_with the change of society if he stops learning. A. company B. contact C .faith D. pace答案D keep pace with 并驾齐驱 保持同步 跟上-的步伐32. People often find themselves caught in such a_as “whetheror not”. A.dilemma B.endeavor C.fault D.survival答案A 人们经常发现自己会陷入一个进退两难的境地-33. It was a great_to find that my family was all safe. A.rescue B.regret C.belief D.relief答案D 句意：家人安然无恙，我感到极大的欣慰。34. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; itwas a real_. A.exchange B.bargain C.trade D.busines