2016高考英语阅读理解解题技巧和方法.ppt

阅读理解高三解题指导 Readingcomprehension 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品 科普文章 公告 说明 广告以及书 报 杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题 考生应能 理解主旨要义 理解文中具体信息 根据上下文推断生词的词义 作出简单判断和理解 理解文章的基本结构 理解作者的意图和态度 7 根据所读 用恰当的词语补全文章提纲 概括关键内容或作要词词语转换 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词义猜测型 命题类 推理判断型 2010年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系 句与句 段与段之间的逻辑关系 ReadingComprehension InferenceQuestions 阅读理解专题 推理判断题 阅读推理判断题 推断题分类 1 Questionforms Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat Fromthetextweknowthat ismostlikely Whenthewritertalksabout whatthewriterreallymeansis Thewritersuggeststhat Thestoryimpliesthat Wecaninfer conclude fromthepassagethat 这类题干中通常含有infer suggest imply conclude等标志性词语 一 如何推断隐含意义 2 技巧点拨1 全面分析2 忠实原文3 不要选择表层信息 1 Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall Diditsoundlikeaclock Ifso itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie Thusthebeetleiscalled thedeathwatchbeetle 1分钟 Thesoundofthisbeetle A pleasedpeople B surprisedpeople C frightenedpeople D excitedpeople Practice 2 Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit Ifyoudon tturnitbackover alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto 依附 theundersidewilldie 1 5分钟 Youcantellthatrocks A hurtseaanimalsB protectseaanimalsC won tbefoundonbeachesD can tbefoundonbeaches 二 如何推断作者观点和态度 1 Questionforms Thewriter sattitudetoward is Thewriterthoughtthat Accordingtotheauthor 2 技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词 副词 动词及所举的例子 推断出作者的弦外之音 1 江西卷 Justascryingcanbehealthy notcrying holdingbacktearsofanger painorsuffering canbebadforphysical 身体的 health Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses Ifyouhaveahealthproblem doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry Butwhenyoufeellikecrying don tfightit It sanatural andhealthy emotionalresponse 反应 2分钟 Accordingtotheauthor whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue A Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers B Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems C Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry D Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure 2 Whyisn tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews AllIreadaboutismurder bribery 行贿 anddeath Frankly I msickofallthebadnews Thisauthor sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto A complainB apologizeC amuseD inform 说明文中作者的态度 objectiveneutral在议论文中 有 1 positive 2 negative 3 neutral 4 approval 5 disapproval 6 indifferent 7 ironic 8 critical 9 optimistic 10 pessimistic 客观的 消极的 漠不关心的 赞成的 不赞成的 乐观的 悲观的 Takingnotes 中立的 积极的 讽刺的 批评的 中立的 三 如何推断写作目的 1 Questionforms 1 考查整篇文章的写作目的A Thewriter spurposeofwritingthispassageisto B Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle C Inwritingthepassage theauthorintendsto 2 考查某处细节的写作意图A Thewriterusestheexampleof toshowthat B Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto C arementionedinthefirstparagraphto 2 常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的 但写作目的通常有以下三种 1 toentertainreaders 娱乐读者 让人发笑 2 topersuadereaders 说服读者接受某种观点 3 toinformreaders 告知读者某些信息 常见于故事类的文章 tomakepeoplelaugh totellaninterestingexperience 常见于广告类的文章 tosellaproductoraservice toattractmorevisitors readers audience 多见于科普类 新闻报道类 文化类或社会类的文章 1 Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid 1 5分钟 Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto A testthereaders knowledgeaboutwavesB drawthereaders attentiontothetopicC showJamieTaylor simportanceD invitethereaderstoanswerthem 2 AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa anearbyvillage Theylivedwiththeman sbigfamily hisparents hisbrothers theirwivesandchildren Thefamilykeptanelephant inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents home havingquarreledwithherhusband Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork Itappearedtobeillandheart broken Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse Itwenttothewoman shome Onseeingher theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband shome 3分钟 Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto A showthatelephantsareverycleverB tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife 1 Questionforms Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear Thepassageismostlikelyapartof 四 如何推断文章出处 2 解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处 1 报纸 前面会出现日期 地点或通讯社名称 2 广告 因其格式特殊 容易辨认 3 产品说明 器皿 设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式 而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间 次数 药量等 1 全国卷 Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine Doyouknowwhatismeantby Takeonlyasdirected Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem Toreducepain taketwotablets 药片 withwater followedbyonetableteveryeighthours asrequired Fornight timeandearlymorningrelief 缓解疼痛 taketwotabletsatbedtime Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty fourhours Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold givehalftheamount 量 Forchildrenundersixyearsold askyourdoctor sadvice Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma 2分钟 A textbookB newsreel 新闻片 C doctor snotebookD bottleofmedicine 2 Morethan30 000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured 受伤 eachyear Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow Wearingaseatbelt 安全带 saveslives itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt Ifyoudonot youcouldbefinedupto 50 Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt Butitwillbethedriver sresponsibility 责任 tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind However youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing 倒退 yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery 发送 orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit Makesurethesecircumstances 情形 applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit 3分钟 Thistextistakenfrom A amedicalmagazineB apolicereportC anadvertisement 广告 D agovernmentinformationbooklet 小册子 Morethan30 000 arekilledorseriouslyinjured 受伤 eachyear youcouldbefinedupto 50 Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt youmaybefined 2 解题技巧推测下文的内容 根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容 关注第一段 特别是文段开始的几句话 五 推断文脉逻辑关系 1 推断上下文内容1 Questionforms Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire however theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees causingthetreestodie Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreaterg