FPGA论文基于FPGA的PC-104和多路UART扩展系统的研究与.doc

FPGA论文：基于FPGA的PC/104和多路UART扩展系统的研究与开发【中文摘要】UART和PC/104总线具有结构简单、操作方便、工作可靠、抗干扰能力强、可利用资源丰富等众多优点,在嵌入式领域特别是工业控制领域有着广泛的应用,深受广大用户的喜爱。在工控领域经常遇到一个主控制器同多个协控制器或设备通信,这需要多个UART来实现,但目前市场上对多UART的扩展有两种方法：使用软件模拟和使用专用的UART扩展芯片来扩展。这两种方法实现起来麻烦、操作复杂、费用较高,而且存在着资源的大量浪费,满足不了对大量的串行通信接口的要求。PC/104总线控制器以X86架构的处理器作为控制芯片,但它功耗高,板子体积大,而且价格昂贵。由于FPGA具有用户可编程性,可以灵活地实现所需的功能,经过20多年的发展,集成度有了极大的提高,达到几千万门；速度越来越快,主频最高可以达到600MHz；功耗进一步降低,内核电压只有1.2V；稳定性也有长足的发展,工业级可以应用在-40100的各种环境中；已经成为IC产业发展的一个趋势。FPGA利用硬件实现所需的功能,比软件稳定性好,速度要快。论文分析系统设计的功能,对比各种可行方案,决定使用FPGA进行设计；从FPGA的设计流程出发,对设计作出总体规划,确定的芯片选型,并对系统硬件的电源模块、FPGA配置模块进行了描述。详细分析了PC/104总线的协议以及操作时序,将所要设计的PC/104总线控制器模块的主要功能归纳为一个有限状态机,使用Verilog硬件描述语言描述,并对程序代码作简要分析,利用ModelSim进行功能仿真。从UART工作原理和数据传输格式出发,对可配置的多UART模块的功能进行了整体划分,利用两个FSM实现接收数据和发送数据的功能,并在ModelSim中进行功能仿真。将两个大功能部分组合起来,进行功能仿真,并利用统合工具Synplify Pro进行综合,最后在Xilinx公司Spartan-3系列FPGA上进行实现,完成扩展板所需的PC/104总线控制器功能和16个可配置的全双工的UART功能。基于Freescale公司的嵌入式操实时作系统作系统MQX完成了PC/104总线驱动和可配置多UART模块的驱动并对系统进行实地测试。【英文摘要】The UAPT and PC/104 bus are very popular with customers and adopted widely in Embedded Systems field, especially in industrial control field due to they are simple in structure, easy to operate, reliable to work, strong in anti-interference capability and rich in applicable resources. It is common in industrial control field that a main-controller communicates with many equipments, which requiring several UARTs. Currently, there are two methods in market for extension of multi-UART: simulating using software and specific chips for extension of multi-UART. However, both of them are expensive and exist great wastes of resources, can not satisfy the demand of the large number of serial communication interface equipments. PC/104 bus controller usually employs the X86 architecture processor as the control chip, however, it is expensive and has high power consumption and large size.FPGA has the feature of being programmable and can flexibly implement the functions needed. After 20 years of development, FPGA has gained many advantages: its high integrated has been greatly improved up to several million gates; its speed has been ever increased with its highest main frequency up to 600 MHz; its power exhausting has been decreased and its core voltage is only 1.2V; and its industrial level product can be used in the environment that temperature is between -40and 100.FPGA has becoming one of the development tendencies of IC industry. FPGA is realized by hardware, thus is better in stability than software, quicker in speed and more economical.The dissertation analyzed system functions, compared several feasible cases and decided to use FPGA. Then starting from FPGAs designing process, the paper made a general plan for the design, determined the chip type, and described the system power module and FPGA configuration module. It elaborated upon PC/104 buss protocol and operating timing sequence, summarized the main function of PC/104 bus controller into FSM, used Verilog HDL to describe it and simulate its function in ModelSim. Starting from UARTs operating principle and data transferring format, this dissertation divided configurable multi-UARTs function, utilizing two FSMs to realize the function of receiving and sending data, and simulated in ModelSim too. The dissertation combined the two parts and made function simulation, and synthesized by Synplify Pro, at last actualized in PFGA of Xilinx companys Spartan-3, satisfied the expanded systems needs of PC/104 bus controllers function and sixteen configurable full-duplex UARTs. At last this dissertation made texts on the spot.【关键词】FPGA UART PC/104 MQX FSM【英文关键词】FPGA UART PC/104 MQX FSM【目录】基于FPGA的PC/104和多路UART扩展系统的研究与开发摘要3-5ABSTRACT5-6目录7-10第一章 绪论10-171.1 工业控制领域发展现状10-111.2 课题来源与意义11-121.3 主控板简介12-151.3.1 主控板芯片简介14-151.4 论文研究内容安排及创新15-17第二章 相关知识简介17-292.1 PC/104总线概述17-202.1.1 PC/104总线的优点17-182.1.2 PC/104引脚介绍18-202.2 UART总线概述20-212.2.1 UART总线的优点212.3 FPGA概述21-232.3.1 FPGA的前景222.3.2 FGPA的结构22-232.4 Verilog HDL概述23-242.5 FSM概述24-262.5.1 FSM设计流程和原则24-252.5.2 FSM设计技巧25-262.6 EDA工具简介26-272.6.1 ISE简介262.6.2 ModelSim简介26-272.6.3 Synplify Pro简介272.7 开发环境MQX简介27-282.8 本章小结28-29第三章 系统整体方案设计29-403.1 系统功能分析293.2 方案分析29-313.3 FPGA开发流程31-343.4 系统功能划分343.5 芯片选型34-363.5.1 XC3S200芯片简介35-363.6 硬件电路设计36-393.6.1 电源电路设计37-383.6.2 FPGA配置模式设计38-393.7 本章小结39-40第四章 PC/104总线控制器设计40-514.1 PC/104总线功能分析404.2 PC/104总线时序分析40-454.2.1 PC/104总线10读写时序40-434.2.2 PC/104总线DMA时序43-444.2.3 主控处理器与PC/104总线控制器间操作时序44-454.3 PC/104总线控制器设计45-504.3.1 PC/104总线控制器功能45-464.3.2 PC/104总线控制器仿真46-504.4 本章小节50-51第五章 UART模块设计与系统实现和测试51-635.1 UART时序