2019 谓语动词的时态和语态.doc

谓语动词的时态和语态一谓语的概念谓语动词指在句子中充当谓语的动词，有行为动词，系动词，情态动词和助动词等几种，其中行为动词又包括及物动词和不及物动词。谓语成分就是用来说明主语的动作或状态的，一般由动词或动词短语承担。如果句子中没有动词充当谓语的时候，就使用“be”动词。Toms garden is beautiful.My aunt always looks young. He cannot swim.Some women are washing clothes by the river.I have got a new job. We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.The rabbit was shot dead.They will be invited to attend the meeting.The child opened his eyes, looking at his mother for a while.No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements.谓语动词的时态时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的。英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时.表一、谓语动词时态一览表时态谓语动词形式Be(动词)单数形式Be(动词)复数形式Write（普通动词）单数形式Write（普通动词）复数形式一般现在时am, is;are writes;write现在进行时am/is being;are beingam /is writingare writing现在完成时has been;have been has written;have written现在完成进行时has been writing,have been writing一般将来时am/is going to be;shall be, will be; are going to beshall be, will be;am/is going to write, will write, shall write;are going to writewill write, shall write;将来进行时will be writingwill be writing一般过去时was;were wrotewrote过去进行时was being,were being; was writing were writing过去完成时had been, had beenhad writtenhad written 过去将来时would be was going to be would be, were going to bewould write, was going to write; would writewere going to write表二、 各种时态常用的时间状语时态时间状语一般现在时always, usually, often, constantly, frequently, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, on Sundays, every morning,一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now, one day/ morning/evening现在进行时now, at present, currently, nowadays, at this moment 过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten, last year, when, while, as现在完成时recently, already, never, ever, just, yet, so far, up to now, by now, in/over the past/last 40 years, always, ever since, since then, since+过去具体时间, for+一段时间,现在完成进行时all day/ morning/ night过去完成时by the end of last year/month/ week, two hours/ minutes/ days earlier, when, after, before, as soon as一般将来时next week, month, year, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in the future, in+一段时间, before+具体时间一般现在时（the simple present tense）1. 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, on SundaysI leave home for school at 7 every morning. He sometimes stays in bed until lunch time.My mother never comes to see me. They often listen to the radio in bed.Mike usually goes to bed at 10 oclock. Our teacher frequently checks our homework.2. 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Laziness results in poverty.London stands on the Thames. Reading broadens ones horizon. 3. 表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情,下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes.4. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句，如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时来表示将来。If it rainstomorrow, I will stay at home. Ill let you knowas soon as he arrives.即时练：用括号中词语的正确形式填空AThe Sawyers live at 87 King Street. In the morning, Mr. Sawyer 1_ (go) to work and the children go to school. Their father 2_ (take) them to school every day. Mrs. Sawyer 3_ (stay) at home every day. She 4_ (do) the housework. She always 5_ (eat) her lunch at noon. In the afternoon, she usually 6_ (see)her friends. They often 7_ (drink)tea together. In the evening, the children 8_ (come) home from school. They arrive home early. Mr. Sawyer 9_ (come) home from work. He 10_ (arrive) home late. At night, the children always do their homework. Then they 11_ (go)to bed. Mr. Sawyer usually 12_ (read) his newspaper, but sometimes he and his wife 13_ (watch)television. BI carried my bag into the hall.“What are you doing?” my landlady 1_（ask）.“I am leaving, Mrs. Linch,” I answered.“Why are you leaving?” she asked. “You have been here only a week.”“A week 2_(be) too long, Mrs. Linch,” I said. “There 3_(be) too many rules in this house. My friends never 4_(come) to visit me. Dinner 5_(be) always at seven oclock, so I frequently 6_ (go) to bed hungry. You 7_(not like) noise, so I rarely 8 _(listen) to the radio. The heating 9_(not work), so I always 10 _(feel) cold. This is a terrible place for a man like me. Goodbye, Mrs. Linch.” 一般过去时（the simple past tense）一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。1. 在特定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：just now, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。Yesterday, hewroteaveryformalletterofapologytoDouglas.I borrowed three books from the library last week.2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the yard of my house.Wherever the Browns went, they were given a warm welcome.3. 一般过去时在特殊句型中的应用：1）It is high time that sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该了 It is high time that you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 It is high time that you started to work. 你该动工了。2) would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事I would rather you knew that now than afterwards.与其以后让你知道，不如现在就让你知道。Iwouldratheryousawmeoffattheairporttomorrow.我但愿你明天来机场送我。3) I wish that(与现在事实相反)I wishthis book was written in bigger characters.我希望这本书的字再大一点儿。 I wishI knew all about this matter.这件事我要是全知道就好了IwishyouwouldcomebacktoWashingtonwithus,butthatsforyouto decide.我希望你能和我们一起回华盛顿，但是这由你决定。4）If(与现在事实相反) If you knew English, you could get a job easily. 如果你懂得英语，你就能容易地找到一份工作。If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。即时练CPostcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I 1_(go) to Italy. I 2_(visit) museums and 3_(sit) in public gardens. A friendly waiter 4_(teach) me a few words of Italian. Then he 5_(lend) me a book. I 6_(read) a few lines, but I 7_ (not understand) a word. Everyday I 8_(think) about postcards. My holidays 9_(pass) quickly, but I 10_ (not send) cards to my friends. On the last day I 11_(make) a big decision. I 12_(get) up early and 13_(buy) thirty-seven cards. I 14_(spend) the whole day in my room, but I 15_( not write) a single card！DIn order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise, our school 1_ (organize) a mountain-climbing last Sunday. Hundreds ofus2_ (take) part in it.It 3_ (be) a nice dayAt 8：00 am，we 4_ (gather) at the foot of Daqing Moutain and set out for the top in high spiritsAll the way we were chatting，singing and laughing，enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful sceneryWhen some 5_ (fall) behind，others would come and offer helpAbout 2 hours later，we all 6_ (reach) the topBathed in sunshine，we jumped and 7_ (cheer) with joy The activity 8_ (benefit) us a lotNot only 9_ (do) it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work，it also promoted the friendship among usWhat a wonderful time we 10_ (have)! 概念：现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作。现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”，是指在谈到这件事的时候，这个动作还在进行中。可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语，常用的有：now，thisweek，atthemoment，rightnow等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look，listen（常用于句子的开头，表示提醒听者注意正在发生的事情）。现在进行时的基本用法：1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。We are waiting for you now.Dad is talking on the phone at this time.Listen!OurEnglishteacherissingingthepopularEnglishsong.WhereisMrWang? Oh,heisreadinganewspaperintheoffice.2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。Thesedayswearehelpingthefarmersworkonthefarm.She is learning piano under Mr. Smith these weeks.The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.3. 有些动词从结构来看是现在进行时，但却是表示将要发生的事，而不表示动作现在正在进行。这些动词往往是一些表示位置移动变化的动词，如：go，come，leave，fly，move，start，begin，arrive，stay，return等。NextmonthmyfamilyismovingtoBeijing.下个月，我家就要搬到北京去了。（搬的动作并非现在发生，而将在下个月发生。）MyauntisleavingforShanghaiatelevenoclocktomorrowmorning.明天早上十一点我婶婶将离开去上海。4. 与always, constantly, forever，continually 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.He is constantly complaining about his job. Thestudentsaremakingprogressconstantly.My wife is continually interfering my affairs.5. 作为表语时，英语介词可以表示正在“进行”的动作。He isatwork.(他正在工作。)The houseisonfire!(房子着火了!)The roadisunderconstruction.(路正在修。)即时练ENow I_(sit) in front of my computer writing to you. My mom _ (cook) my favorite dish: roast pork. She _ (prepare) dinner in the kitchen. My father_(watch) his favorite TV program: Discovery, in which a man _ (try) to tame a wild male lion and his wife-a beautiful lioness. My grandmother _ (feed) our pet dog Lucy. Lucy _ (eat) his delicious food now. Thats what my family members _ (do) now . What_ you _(