M5U2Reading预学案.doc

M5 U2 The environmentReading 预习案一、Revision 1.Recite and master the new words from “economy” to “queue up” on page70-71, and then do EX. D, E on page 24. 2.Listen and read the passage , making clear :1) where the new word lie in the text and 2)what they mean according to the context.二、Fast reading 1.Read the text quickly to finish some questions in Part A on page 22.三、Careful reading 1.Read the text carefully and answer the questions in Part C1,and C2 on page 24.四Detailed reading 1.Go over the passage and finish the Ex.(一) (二)on page 39 .课课练五、Find out important phrases in the text (on page22-25).101.自由发言讨论2.产生大量有害的化学物质3.导致，引起4.增长了六倍5.削减、减少产量6.减少/增加.的数量7.变成一个大问题8.关心目前的情形9.违背环境10.逃避他们的责任11.对环境有害12.对.造成破坏13.认为.是.14.同意某人的说法15.砍倒,砍伐;削减,缩短16.四处打听17.愿意做某事18.付更高一点的价格19.对环境友好20.付更高的税21.为.付费;为.付出代价22.记住；牢记23.生产大量的商品24.用完更多的原材料25.倘使.怎么样？26.用完；耗尽27.只要28.整顿环境六、Figure out important sentences and language points 1.Then we will open the floor for discussion.(page 22, Lines 8) 之后我们将展开自由讨论。l 句中的the floor 的意思是“发言权”。 open the door 意思是“自由发言”。e.g.1).学生们自由发言讨论，并一个接一个地回答了我的问题。 _.【拓展】： take the floor 发言 have the floor 有发言权 e.g.2).There comes the time to _. Do feel free to say what you want to. A. hold the floor B. sweep the floor C. open the floor D. fix the floor2. First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste.(page 22, Lines 10-11) 今天我首先要谈的是化学废物如何破坏着世界上的大片区域。l the way 是先行词，后接定语从句，way后面的关系词that/ in which/关系词省略。e.g. I dont like the way_you speak to her. A. that B. which C. in that D. where What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it . A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which3.These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs.(page22,Lines15-16). 这些捕捞船捕捞大量的鱼，而不留时间给他们产卵。l lay vt. 放置；产卵，下蛋；铺设e.g.1).看完书后，请把书放在桌子上。 _. 【注意】 lie-lied-lied-lying vi. 撒谎;说谎 lie-lay-lain-lying vi. 躺，卧；位于lay-laid-laid-laying vt. 放置；产卵,下蛋e.g.2). I always feel relaxed when I _in bed, listening to music. Would you please _ the books on the table? You should always be honest and never tell_ to your friends. Cuckoos(布谷鸟) _eggs in other birds nests. 3). The boy _on the ground _ to his father that the hen _ two egges that day.A. laying ;lied; laid B. lying; lied; laid C. lying; lay; lied D. lay; lied; laid4).Having _ down the heavy burden, he _ down on the ground to relax. A. laid; lay B. lay; laid C. lain; laid D. lain; lay 5).Across the Yangtze River _ more than one bridge, the Nanjing Changjiang Bridge being the first one. A. lay B. lie C. lies D. laid 【搭配短语】： lay the table 摆放桌子 lay off 解雇 lay. aside 把.放在一边 lay down 放下l 词组large/great numbers of = a large/ great number of / lots of. 后面跟复数名词。意思是“许多的；大量的”。 e.g.6).许多学生自愿帮助灾区的人们。 _in the disaster area.4.This will result in a smaller of number of fish left for us to eat in the future.(p22, Lines16-17) 这将导致我们食用的鱼的数目越来越小。l 词组result in 的意思是“lead to/cause/ contribute to/ bring about” “导致；引起”。e.g.1).汤姆学习不用功，导致他考试不及格。 _ in the exams. 2). Success _ hard work while laziness _ failure. A. leads to; results from B. results in ; contributes to C. results from; leads to D. contributes to; results inl 单词number的意思是“人或物的数量”。The number of .放在句首做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。number的前面可以用large, big , small 来修饰。 e.g.3).路上汽车的数量在过去几年里已经翻倍了。 _ over/ in the past few years. 4).The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were; was B.was; was C. was; were D. were; were5.The worlds population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.(page22, Lines19-20) 与1800年的人口相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。l 倍数的表达方式：(牢记；记牢！) times + as + adj./ adv. + as + times + adj./ adv.(比较级) + than + times + the width (size, length, weight, height, depth, width,) of + times + what 从句e.g.1).The box is four times as light as that box.2).The cotton output was four times greater than that of 1996.3).The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.4).TheYangtzeRiverisalmostthree times whatthePearlRiver is.(1)这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍高。 The new building is _ _ _ _ _ the old one. The new building is _ _ _ _ the old one. The new building is _ _ _ _ _ the old one. The new building is _ _ _ the old one is .(2). At a rough estimate(估计), Nigeria is _Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the size three times ofC. three times as the size of D. three times the size of (3). It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much (4).Ten years ago the population of our village was _ that of theirs.A. as twice large as B. twice as large as C. twice as much as D. as twice much as (5).Much to the couples comfort, their income is now double _ it was five years ago.A. that B. than C. which D. what l grow by = increase by / rise by 增长了； grow to = increase to / rise to增加到 e.g.6).我们学校的学生数已经增长了25%。 _. 7).我的收入已增长到十年前的五倍。 _ ten years ago.6.It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.(page22, Lines21-22) 我们有责任努力削减生产，减少制造和购买的东西的数量。l 句式It is ones duty / responsibility to do sth.意思是“某人有责任做某事, 做.是某人的责任”，在这个句式中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 e.g.1).保护环境不被污染是每个人的责任。 _.l cut back on= cut down on：意为reduce ， “缩减；削减；减少”2).在这种情况下，为了省钱，我们有责任缩减开支。In this case,_ our expense to save money.3).如果我们不能多销，就必须减少生产。If we dont sell more,_. 【相关短语】： cut up切碎 cut off切断;停止.的供应 cut down 砍倒；削减 cut in插嘴 cut out切去，删去 cut away 切除；剪掉l try to do sth 设法努力做某事（没成功）； manage to do sth设法做某事（成功了）try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 e.g.4).I _ my father to quit smoking, but he wouldnt listen. A. persuaded B. tried to persuade C. managed to persuade D. succeed to persuading 7.It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.(page23, Lines 28-29) 显然，你非常担心我们的环境的现状。l It is clear that 很显然/ 清楚，it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。= What is clear is that . 很明显，. what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句 e.g.1).很显然，大城市为年轻人提供更好的就业机会。 _.8.As a business development consultant, Im often seen as being against the environment. (page 23, Lines 29-30) 作为企业发展咨询顾问，我常常被视为是发对环保的。l 句中as 为介词，意思是“作为”。 e.g.1).作为他的秘书(secretary)，他想要我和他一起去。 _. 【拓展】：as 还可以用作连词，引导时间、原因、方式、让步等状语。e.g.2).当我离开房子的时候，我记起了我的钥匙。_ I remembered my keys. 3).我们很难知道做什么，因为我们不是他的父母。 _. 4).我按照他要求的做。 _. 5).尽管他很穷，但他待人以诚。 _.l see.as. 意思是：“ 把.认为是.”，同意短语有：regard.as.; consider.as.; think of .as.; view.as.;look on. as.; treat.as.。 e.g.6).那个男孩被认为是乐于助人的学生。 _.9.When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes pouring chemical waste into rivers.(page 23, Lines30-31) 一想到工厂，人们就会想到滚滚的浓烟或者向河流倾泻化学废物的管道。l 主句中的动词think后接两个并列的of短语作宾语，由or连接。第二个of短语中的pipes pouring chemicals waste into rivers 是动名词的复合结构，由“名词+ 动名词”构成。在这一结构中，名词通常为动名词的逻辑主语。e.g.1).你喜欢杰克和我们一起住吗？ Do you like the idea _?2)._ made her parents worried a lot. A. Her not to come back B. Not her to come back C. Her not coming back D. Not her coming back10.People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.(p 23, L32-33) 人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这未必是正确的。l 句中that引导的是同位语从句，说明belief的具体内容。除belief以外，idea, news, question, fact, word, promise等名词后面也常接that引导的同位语从句。 e.g.1).大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。 _.l not have to 的意思是“不一定，不必”。 e.g.2).虽然很多篮球运动员是高个子，但在NBA获得成功并不一定要个子高。 Though many basketball players are tall, _.11.The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.(page23, Lines38) 这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。l 句中operating的意思是“经营；管理”，现在分词(表主动)用作后置定语(可以转换成定语从句)，修饰名词people。过去分词作后置定语（表被动和完成） e.g.1).你能看到空中正在移动的那颗星星？ Can you see _? 2).I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school, most _ were from Germany. A.study; of whom B.study; of them C.studying; of them D.studying; of whom 3). The professor has received the letter _ to give a lecture in Princeton Institute.A. being invited B. to be invited C. inviting him D. invited 4).The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 12.Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in oder to save the environment.(page 23,Lines40-41 ) 林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所生产的东西的数量。l suggest作“建议”讲时, 与suggestsuggestion有关的主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句均用虚拟语气，should可省略。suggest还可作“暗示”、“表明”“使人想起”等解，这时主语往往是物，后面接宾语从句时，其谓语动词要用陈述语气。 e.g.1). I suggest that a doctor _ immediately. A. be sent for B. was sent for C. must send for D. should send for2). His red face suggested that he _ a lie. A. told B. tell C. tells D. telling3). My suggestion is that he_ a few people to help them. A. sends B. sending C. send D. be sent 4).我的建议是在发展经济时我们要十分注意环境保护。 _ while developing the economy.5).由于天气原因，他建议推迟举行运动会。 He suggested that _.或者: He suggested _.13.However, I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled, and less from raw materials, the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.(page23, Lines43-44) 然而，我非常赞同我们应该利用回收材料制造更多的东西，减少原材料的使用，因为原材料的供应正变得越来越紧张。l 句中do用作助动词，对谓语部分进行强调。强调谓语一般用do/does/did + 动词原形，意思是“的确，确实.”。(回忆一下：如何强调句子的其他成分？)e.g.1).不要相信他，他的确经常说谎。 _.2).如果她的确因她所做的向你道歉了，你本该原谅她。_.3).It was only as I grow older _ I got more curious about my background. A. that B. than C. then D. when 4).If you have set a goal, _ yourself to it until you have achieved great success. A. do devote B. devoted C. devoting D. dont devote l 该从句中the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词raw materials.5).The house, _ was damaged, has now been repaired.A. which the roof B. the roof of which C. which roof D. that whose roof6).The poor student, _ and living expenses are paid by the Hope Project, is admitted by the Peking University. A.all of which books B. all of his books C.whose all books D.all of whose books14.Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.(page 23, Lines48-49) 我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。l 短语ask around的意思是“四处打听”。asking around是现在分词短语在句中作状语，相当于when I ask around,. e.g.1).我要四处打听一下，看有没有人能够帮忙。 _if anyone can help. 2).向右拐，你将找到一条通向他公寓的路。 _, you will find a road _. 3). _ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of life. A.Seeing;frightened B.Seeing;frightening C.Seen;frightened D.To see; frighteningl 短语be willing to do sth.的意思是“愿意、乐意做某事”。e.g.4).我将记下今晚愿意上班的人名。 I will write down _.15.What if they run out? 如果他们用光了怎么办？l What if . ? 意思是“倘若/ 如果.会怎么样？”e.g.1).如果自然资源用尽了，我们会怎么样？ _ our natural resources? 【拓展】：what for? 为什么？ So what ? 那又怎样？ What / how about.? . 怎么样？ how come ? 怎么会这样？ If only . 但愿.; 要是.该多好呀！e.g.2).You must obey every word of mine. - _ I dont ? A. What if B. So what C. How if D. Only if l run out (不及物动词短语) ，意思是:“用完，耗尽”= give out , 没被动语态。run out of (及物动词短语) = use up ， 有被动语态。 e.g.3).我们的食物要吃完了。 Our food is_. We are _.4).Having walked in the desert for several days, we felt exhausted(筋疲力尽)，but we had to find a pool before the water we had _. A. ran out of B. ran away C. ran out D. ran off 5).Im still working on my project. -Oh, youll miss the deadline. Time is _.A. running out B. going out C. using up D. losing out七、完形填空：My son was badly hurt in a fire. After he 21 from a series of treatments, the doctors told him they would not do any operation for six months 22 it took long for the skin to stop shrinking (收缩). So, he had to return to college with a visible 10-inch 23 on his face.I said to my son, “Keaton, 24 will pay any more attention to your scar 25 you do. If it does not bother you, it will not bother 26 .” He took my advice to heart and returned to school with his head 27 high glad he was alive. 28 , everyone has scars and shortcomings. Some of you may spend much time thinking that people would like you better, 29 you looked different, or dressed differently, or could have a different and newer 30 .But you see, like Keatons scar, people will only judge you by your looks, or your 31 , or your car, if you are judging yourself by these same false 32 .One of my friends in college was very 33 . At first, when people met him, they noticed his 34 for about 10 seconds. This man felt 35 about himself and spent most of his time 36 about other peoples comfort and welfare. 37 , people ignored his looks. What people 38 was his kindness and his concern for them. He didnt act in an ugly way so people didnt treat him as an ugly man.Therefore, concentrate on what you value 39 yourself, because if you can see that beautiful person, everyone you are in contact with will see the same 40 . 21. A. curedB. recoveredC. improvedD. returned22. A. because B. though C. untilD. before23. A. cut B. wound C. injureD. scar24. A. no oneB. anyoneC. everyoneD. someone25. A. asB. likeC. thanD. when26. A. another B. others C. allD. us27. A. put B. heldC. takenD. hung28. A. After all B. In conclusionC. In fact D. Above all29. A. as long asB. if C. even if D. as if30. A. houseB. telephoneC. jobD. car31. A. clothes B. hairstyleC. figureD. salary32. A. meansB. standardsC. commentsD. rules33. A. smartB. optimisticC. rudeD. ugly34. A. mannersB. expressions C. looksD. actions35. A. luckyB. worriedC. goodD. sad36. A. inquiringB. asking C. knowingD. caring37. A. Completely B. GraduallyC. ObviouslyD. Suddenly38. A. wanted B. understood C. broughtD. saw39. A. withinB. beyondC. except D. above40. A. kindnessB. concernC. beauty D. perfection八、阅读理解。（5小题，计10分）AJohn had been on the road visiting clients for more than three weeks. He couldnt wait to get back to Ohio to see his wife and children. It was coming on Mothers Day, and he usually tried to make it back home, but this year he was just too tired. He was in a small town just outside of Little Rock when he drove by a flower shop. He said to himself, I know what I will do, Ill send Mom some roses.He went into the small shop and saw a young man talking to the clerk. How many roses can I get for six dollars, madam? the boy asked. The clerk was trying to explain that roses were expensive. Maybe the young man would be happy with carnations.No. I have to have roses. He said, My mom was sick so much last year and I didnt get to spend much time with her. I want to get something special. It has to be red roses, because thats her favorite. He was firm.The clerk looked up at John and was just shaking her head. Something inside of John was touched by the boys voice. He wanted to get those roses so badly. John had been blessed in his business, and he looked at the clerk and silently mouthed he