M5unit2教师版.doc

Module 5 Unit 2 (教师版)The environment1. environment n. 环境 environmental adj. 环境的，与环境有关的 environmentally adv. 环境上，与环境有关地 environmentalist n. 环境保护论者，环境论者e.g. Some of these chemicals are very dangerous to the environment. 这些化学物质中有一些对环境很有害。 An unhappy home environment can affect a childs behaviour. 不幸的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响。 This breed of environmentalist opposes everything.这帮环境保护论者反对一切。 2. debate vi.&n. 争论，辩论，讨论 debate on/about. 就辩论 debate with sb. about sth.和某人就某事辩论 have a debate进行讨论、辩论 under debate在辩论中，在讨论中 eg. They had been debating for several hours without reaching a conclusion.他们已经争论了好几个小时，仍然没有得出一个结论。The two sides debated with each other about who was the best for a whole day.双方就谁是最优秀的问题相互争论了一整天。He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend.他当时正考虑是去散步还是去拜访一位朋友。debatable adj. 可争辩的，有争议的 debater n. 辩论者 【易混辨析】debate/argue/discuss(1)debate指在正式场合，和意见对立的一方进行全面地、彻底地、比较正式地争论，重在各述理由，双方交锋。(2)argue指就自己的看法、立场条理清楚地提出赞成或反对某事的理由，以说服他人。(3)discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分。 eg. A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.一场围绕着减税的辩论正在激烈进行中。Theyre always arguing with each other about money.他们总是为钱争吵 Have you discussed the problem with anyone?你与谁商量过这个问题？3. flow. n/vi流动,；流入；源自 （flowed- flowed-flowing）. 将下列短语或句子译成中文，并说明flow 的词性： 1). stop the flow of blood from the soldiers wound 流名词 2). Her wavy hair flows down to the middle of her back. 垂下（不及物）3). hear constant screams of traffic flowing past （如液体似地）流动（现在分词）4). prevent air from flowing into the patients lungs 流（动名词)5. pick out选出，拣出Here are sone magazines. You can pick out those you want.这里有一些杂志，你可挑出你想要的。pick up捡起，拾起；偶然发现，得到；学会；得到知识，利益；收听到；搭载；恢复；She picked up the telephone on her desk and began to dial.她拿起桌上的电话开始拨号。Young children soon pick up words they hear their elders use.小孩很快就学会了他们听到大人们讲的那些话。We picked up signals for help in the radio.我们在无线电里收到了呼救信号。The bus stopped to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来让乘客上车。She was ill for some time, but she is now picking up.她病了一阵子，不过现在正在康复。辨析：pick out, choose和selectpick out指“仔细挑选”，表示选择时的小心谨慎；choose是一般性选择，在明确两 者之间选一个时，用select侧重于从许多不同种类中进行挑选时的挑剔态度6. economy n.经济 economic adj. 经济的，经济上的economical adj.节约的，省俭的，经济的7. lay v. 下蛋，产卵 ； 放，搁，置eg. These boats catch large number of fish without giving then time to lay eggs.（Line15-16） Lay your coat on the bed. 原形过去式过去分词现在分词放置、产卵laylaidlaidlaying说谎lieliedliedlying躺、位于lielaylainlying用表格中的词填空，并说明其意义。 The boy lay on the grass, with his hands laid under his head, and that the eggs which were laid/lying on the table were laid by the snake. 8. cut back on 削减，缩减 e.g. Try to cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar. 要尽量减少吃脂肪和糖分过高的食品。 As these new products are not selling well, the manager has decided to cut down on production. 因为新产品市场销售不好，经理决定削减产量。 拓展：cut away 割掉；砍掉cut down 砍倒cut in 发动、打断、插嘴cut off 中断、切掉cut out 突然熄火、停止运转9. production n. 生产，制造 ；产量 in production 在生产中 go out of production 停止生产 a decline/fall in production产量的下降 an increase in production 产量的增加 produce v. 生产，制造 n. 农产品product n. 产品 producer n.生产商 productive adj.生产的；多产的10. responsibility n. 责任，负责；(2)职责，任务的take responsibility for对承认责任 be responsible for sth. 对某事负责 be responsible to sth. 对某人负责 make oneself responsible for sth为负责人 e.g Ill bear full responsibility for the consequences.我将对后果承担全部责任 She feels a strong sense of responsibility to her employees. 她对雇员有很强的责任感 responsible adj. 有责任的；责任重大 11. operate v. 经营；操作；运转，工作；动手术 (n. operation 操作，手术) in operation 工作中，有效 come into operation 开始工作；开始生效 put sth. into operation 实施；使运转 operate on sb. e.g We need workers who can operate such equipment. 我们需要操作这种设备的人。 Illegal drinking clubs continue to operate in the city. 非法营救俱乐部继续在城里营业。 The doctor operated on him last night. 医生昨晚给他做了手术。12. credit n. 信誉，信用；赞扬；赊欠；学分 v. 相信，把归功于;是的功劳 do sb. credit/do credit to sb.使某人值得赞扬 be of credit 有名望的 get credit for因而受到好评 have credit with sb.得到某人的信任 on credit 以赊购方式 eg. Your honesty does you great credit.你的诚实值得大加赞扬 To his credit, Jack never told the enemy exactly what had happened. 杰克对所发生的是对敌人守口如瓶，值得赞扬。 Do you credit what the politician said? 你相信那个政客说的话吗。13. quantity n. 量，数量 a large/small quality of 大量的/少量的 qualities of 大量的（均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词） eg. Your homework has improved in quantity and quality this term这学期你的家庭作业在数量和质量上都有所提高。. We have had qualities of flour already. 我们已有大量的面粉。 Large qualities of polluted water are flowing into the sea. 大量的被污染的水流入大海quantify v. 确定的数量,量化 （形）quality质量14run out(of)用完，耗尽 use up用完，吃光 run out为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态(一般表示时间，金钱，食物等的名词) use up用光，用尽，为及物动词短语；give out用完，耗尽，为不及物动词短语（一般指食品，耐心，精力等耗尽） We ran out of milk.我们的牛奶喝完了。 After a month，their food supplies gave out.一个月后，他们的食物贮备消耗殆尽。They had to stop halfway because they had used up the oil. 单选题（1）With his money _，he couldnt go home.Aleaving Bmissed Crunning out Drun out（2）A teachers too long speech can make the students patience _.Ato run out of Bto run out Crun out Drun out of15. clean up收拾干净，清理 clean out 把某物内部彻底打扫干净clean off把刷掉The waiter hurried to clean up the pieces of the broken plates.服务员赶紧把碗碟的碎片打扫干净 16. decrease v.（使某物）变小或变少；减少；n. decrease ( in sth. ) 减少；降低decrease to下降到decrease by下降了（后接分数，百分数等） The price of wheat has decreased by 10%.小麦价格降低了10%。The number of new students decrease from 1,000 to 800 this year.今年新生人数从1000减少到了800. There has been a decrease in population.人口数已有下降。反义词；increase17. drill v./n. 钻孔，打眼；训练，培训 drill sth into sb.反复训练某人，向某人反复灌输某物 China is also spending money trying to find and drill for underground water. 中国也正在投资试图寻找并打井以获得地下水 The children were drilled how to leave the classroom quickly when the fire bell rang. 孩子们接受了如何在火警拉响时迅速离开教室的训练。 易混辨析 drill 强调反复，机械地操练 practice指反复地，不断地实践或练习 train 表示针对某种目标而培养，训练 exercise 指为锻炼心智和体力的联系 eg. She was drilling the class in the forms of the past tense. 她在知道全班学生反复练习过去时的各种形式。 Dogs can be trained to help the blind. 狗可以被训练来帮助盲人。 Taking exercise every day is good for our health. 每天进行体育锻炼对我们的健康有益。18. measure v. 量度，测量；n.措施，办法；尺度take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事beyond measure无可估量，极其in a measure在某种程度上set measure to限制clothes made to measure 订做的衣服The tailor measured me (up) for a suit. 裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服。This room measures 6 meters by 4.这个房间6米长，4米宽。 They took strong measures against reckless drivers.他们对于鲁莽的驾驶员采取了强硬的手段。measurable adj 可测量的 measured adj 慎重的，仔细考虑过的19. range vi.&n. 范围，界限 ；(在一定范围内)变化，变动 out of/beyond/outside the range of超出了的范围 w