现在完成时（不规则动词的变化）.doc

现在完成时 结构：havehas +v-ed(动词的过去分词)1. 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作Now we have planted all the trees.He has just come back.2. 表示过去发生的动作，但强调结果或对现在造成的影响Have you had your supper?I have read the book twice already.在以上两种用法中常跟already,notyet,never ,just ,before,ever,recently等时间状语连用。3. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还会继续下去的动作会或状态，常与包括现在在内一段时间的状语连用He has studied English for six years.Mary has been busy since she came back from Guangzhou过去分词的构成：a. 直接加ed cleancleaned play-playedb. 以字母e结尾的直接加d livelived name-namedc. 以辅音字母加y结尾的，改y为i再加ed, carry-carriedd. 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母再加ed, stop-stopped不规则动词过去式和过去分词 A. 原型：过去式和过去分词完全不同drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swumsing-sang-sung sink-sank-sunk blow-blew-blowngrow-grew-grown know-knew-known fly-flew-flown take-took-takenshake-shook-shakendrive-drove-driven write-wrote-written rise-rose-risenride-rode-riddenspeak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozen forget-forgot-forgotten choose-chose-chosen draw-drew-drawn eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen give-gave-givenhide-hid-hiddendo-did-done see-saw-seenB. 过去式与过去分词完全相同bright-brought-brought think-thought-thought fight-fought-foughtbuy-bought-bought catch-caught-caught sell-sold-soldtell-told-told say-said-said pay-paid-paid send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent burn-burnt-burnt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smeltsleep-slept-slept sweep-slept-slept leave-left-left build-built-built lose-lost-lost get-got-got meet-met-met sit-sat-sat shoot-shot-shot lead-led-led spit-spat-spat have-had-had hold-held-heldmake-made-made stand-stood-stood hear-heard-heard find-found-found dig-dug-dug shine-shone-shoneunderstand-understood-understood win-won-won C.原型与过去分词相同come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-becomeD.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同cast-cast-cast cut-cut-cut put-put-put let-let-letset-set-set hit-hit-hit 和现在完成时态连用的时间状语主要有以下三种：1.句中出现 just，never，ever， already， yet等词时句子一般使用现在完成时。例如：I have already had my lunch.He hasnt found the answer to the question yet.2.for 一段时间或since点时间或引导时间状语从句（一般多为过去时）。例如：He has been a teacher for 20 years.I have known him since we were little-boys.3.so far(到目前为止)，in the past/last表示一段时间的词语。例如：I havent seen him so far.He hasnt talked with me in the past/three days. 四种句式：肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。如： We have just finished our homework She has gone home注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。 2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。 3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他。如： We havent studied Unit 2 yet The train hasnt stopped yet疑问句： 一般疑问Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他。如： Have you read this story book yet？肯定回答：Yes，have（has），否定回答：No，havent（hasnt）特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下： What have you done with my bike? 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） Youve read this story book, havent you? 注意：现在完成时的否定句句末往往加yet，常译为“还没有”巩固练习： I按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。 1、He has already finished his homework（改为否定句） He _ finished his homework _ 2They have found the lost books already（改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答） _ they _ the lost books _？No，they_ 3Julia has not got home from school yet（改为肯定句） Julia _ _ _ home from school 4You have never been to Shanghai before，_ _ ？（改为反意疑问句） 5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?（改为反意疑问句）6Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999（改为同义句） Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999 7. He hasnt left home for 3 days.(同义句) He _ _ _ home for 3 days.8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)II选择正确答案。 ( )1Who is Mary ？ _？I saw you talking with her at the meeting ADont you meet her yet BDidnt you met her yet CHavent you met her yet DHadnt you met her yet ( )2How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black？ Oh ，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited ( )3The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week Adont feel Bhasnt felt Chavent felt D.didnt feel ( ) 4We have lived here _ five years ago Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 11.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.现在完成时专项练习一、单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still 3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. just . ago .before .a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed; good. has changed ; better . changed; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was; studying . will; study. has; studied . are; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. Did; do; finished . Have; done; finished. Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months. been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office. she _ to the library. has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has