英语类毕业论文初稿.doc

鞍山师范学院高等职业技术学院2 2013届学生毕业论文 题 目：CultureLearningand LanguageLearning 系 别： 外语系 专业年级： 应用英语专业10级1班 姓 名： 孙欣甜 学 号： 10614128 指导教师： 莫莉 完成时间： 2013年 3月1日 中文摘要语言作为一种文化现象在人类社会长期的发展中不断演化而来。不同的社会状况产生不同的文化，而文化则孕育了对人类社会文明的发展起决定作用的语言。作为一名英语专业的学生，对目标语言背景文化的了解是否应该作为语言学习中的“必修课”一直以来都是学术界热论的话题。在大学英语学习的过程中，笔者发现对于英美国家文化的了解在英语语言的学习的过程中至关重要。无论在英汉互译还是在英语写作过程中，只有熟悉了欧美国家的文化背景，才能创造出出色的作品。 关键词：欧美文化 语言学习 翻译 写作 口语 AbstractLanguage, as a cultural phenomenon, continually evolves in the long-term development of human society. Different social conditions generate different culture, while culture tends to create languages which play a vital role in the civilization development of human society. As a student majoring in English, whether knowing about the common sense of the target language should be set as a compulsory course has been the hot topic in the world of academy.While studying English at college, I find it is vital to learn about the culture of Europe and America. Not only the translation between English and Chinese, but also English writing needs a well knowing about relevant cultural backgrounds. Only in this way, can we accomplish an excellent work.Key words: culture of Europe and America language learning translation writing spoken EnglishContents中文摘要 II Abstract IIIContents IVI.Language learning is related to culture learning VIII.Explanation for culture and language VIi.Language evolvement VI ii.The difference between western and the orientalculture VII iii.Linguistic characteristics for English and Chinese VIIIIII.Culture learning in English Learning IX i.Culture application in English-Chinese translation IX ii. In the process of interpretation IX iii.English writing XIV.How to mix culture and English learning XI i. Professional training XI ii.Accumulation XII iii.Being prudential XII V.Conclusion XII References XIIICulture Learning and Language LearningI.Language learning is related to culture learningLanguage, as a typical kind of human cultural legacy, is not only a handy tool for man to exchange both their emotion and the information, but also the foundation of the development as well as inheritance of human history and civilization. Chinese Ethnic People with 5000 brilliant history, ranging from the oracle bone inscriptions which was creatively invented by original human beings to the consistently existing Vernacular Chinese and newly-emerging net words which is pretty popular among the young, are able to inherit to us times, all of which owes to the language serving our social development, the work and daily life of humankind just as hitherto. Without the various language throughout the world, we can not imaging how the world would be like today. Under the distinct cultural background in different historical periods, the patterns and organizational forms of language or its functions are also different from each other. At all around the world, English is regarded as the universal language, so as a student majoring in English, it is crucial that we learn about the language and culture of its native country. II.Explanation for culture and language i. Language EvolvementWhen it is in the original society, mainly with body language and sound do ancient people communicate with each other. With the further development of the society, it is far from facilitating for people to mange to communicate only in this means. In order to solve these tough problems, people began to invent some marks and signs such as vertical bars and lines or circles which seemed to be something strange or special, which made it possible to express their intentions or taking note of simple materials. As these noting marks becoming more and more formal and larger in quantity, early characters appeared. In ancient Egypt times, western people were quite curious about the mystery of the ancient Egypt and devote themselves to the study and research of them. It was confirmed that the letters of English originated from the Latin alphabet, the Latin origins in the Greek alphabet, and Greek letters by the Phoenician alphabet evolved. About 13th century BC, the Phoenician in the history of mankind has created the first batch of letters, a total of 22 letters (without vowels). This is the Phoenicians of the great contribution to human culture. Phoenician alphabet is one of the world earliest writing letters. In the West, it is derived from the ancient Greek alphabet, which is in turn the development of the Latin alphabet and the Slavic alphabet. In the East, it is derived from the United States and Asia Allah letter, which has evolved in India, Arab, Hebrew, Persian, and other peoples letters. In fact the Britain was forced to bring in the original English due to the invasion. From the development history we can obviously draw a conclusion that English is filled with culture, politics, and custom of its people. So before we learn English, we have to learn as much as possible relevant to it. ii.The Difference between Western and the OrientalCultureLanguage is the carrier of culture. Any language is a culture reflection. Its profound cultural connotation let us have some knowledge of western culture, which will enhance the cultural exchange and learning, and promoting the nation culture mutual profits, fusion, innovation and development is the top priority! Regional and human cultural differences are the main reason for the cultural differences, as cultural differences bring in the language way of thinking differences. The ancestors of the Chinese people lived in the east of Asia North Temperate Zone, the weather is mild, and there were less storm, typhoon, tsunami attack. In addition, the semi-enclosed continental type geographical environment and self-sufficient smallholder economy formed the unity of nature and philosophy. They advocate harmony, believe everything is natural harmony, and that the integration of object and subject. In value, they lay emphasis on ethics, the power of comprehension and simplicity. British ancestors lived in dry plains and the sea, received storm wind and frost attack all around the year in a time that material and culture system culture are not developed, the natural power is ferocious and unpredictable. In order to survive, people managed to keep calm in the face of nature in order to fight against nature. As time passed, the British had formed the habit of observing and analyzing nature, besides, understanding control natural. The relationship knowledge between man and nature of can be comprehended to be the basic concept of western culture, and its also an important characteristic of the British psychological culture. So in western culture, anyone can give a compliment to or be complimented. Especially the women, who are the object of compliment or praising, may be complimented for the replacement of the hair and the change of clothing. On the contrary, in Chinese culture, anyone also can give a compliment and be complimented, but it should have points among humble men, women and children. Womens appearance is often the target; however compliment is usually in women and women. It seems that western people is more straightforward compared to the Chinese who tend to be modest. The deep reason is the cultural differences between them. The western people highlight the individual nature, respect the individual personality, values, dignity, the advocates of individual independence, and the liberation of the individual and the different values. In Chinese culture, group relations, or other peoples things are often much more important than their own, which make complimenting or praising different meaning: they listen to people that they leave others a good impression, please others so that they can turn to them someday in the future. China is a country that has two thousand years of feudal culture, and the traditional feudal hierarchy in peoples mind has a deep imprint in the history of the process. The formation of the Chinese Bureaucracy strict hierarchy, cause not only the gap between the upper and lower levels, but the affinity are different. This is a repression social cultural. Various factors result in the value of the evaluation that they have low self-worth under the suppression. The performance of the communication should be humble obedient as far as possible, but all of these can not bereave their affinity.iii.Linguistic Characteristics for English and Chinese To understand the characteristics of English and Chinese is the foundation of learning English. Seen from the structure, English has a strong logic, and the grammatical features is covertness, the syntactic characteristics are hypostasis, while the meaning of the words can be clear if the integrity of the sentence function are ensured. This kind of language mainly use its own inflected forms to express the meaning of the grammar including by means of word-formation and configuration form.; Chinese emphasis the Parataxis, the meaning of words is often determined only in a sentence or a certain context can determine, and must be on the basis of peoples power of comprehension to understand tacitly. From the word formation, English words itself have different tenses and voice; Chinese vocabulary mainly constitutes from monosyllable and disyllable, and the word combination is more convenient as long as its meaning is reasonable, definite and can be combined together. III. Culture Learning in English Learning i. Culture Application in English-Chinese TranslationThe purpose of the study is to apply it, and translation activities are to replace the original language with the corresponding language materials, and are the integration of the two different type of culture. When we are doing english-chinese translation, word-by-word translating often makes the readers cant completely understand. Only by learning more about the differences between Chinese and western cultural, can you translate the material that the readers can understand according to the different language features. The kernel of the Chinese sentences is center-outstanding, while English sentences can often be translated into several Chinese small clauses. Translation of the word group is also very important, English has a lot of series of vocabularies, these words usually include several absolutely close meaning, but there are subtle differences, so a good translator ought to have not only a solid foundation of basic skills of English as well as Chinese language. In short, in the process of translation, the fuse of both target language and originate language is actually perfection. ii. In the Process of InterpretationInterpreting is a real-time, accurate, verbal highly-demanding translating process. Interpreters only accept assignments for which they are qualified. If an interpreter accepts a task that is beyond his ability, the resulting poor performance will surely reflect negatively on the opposite. With regard to the work of preparation, interpreters are required to make namely long-term and short-term preparation. A well prepared interpreter is usually confident and relaxed. Long-term preparation is to accumulating the professional knowledge reserve including vocabulary, culture and knowledge of other worlds. An experienced interpreter never stops preparing for the interpreting tasks. Preparation is an interpreters lifelong job. The more preparation they made, the better performance they will have. In order to become a professional interpreter, they are required to have a strong sense of duty, a high level of linguistic proficiency, wide encyclopedic knowledge and a good mastery of interpreting skills. An important task for an interpreter to prepare in the long term is the mastery of broad general knowledge and a large glossary. In contrast with long-term preparation, short-term preparation is more direct and efficient. It reflects to job that can be prepared shortly before the task is taken. Such preparation is highly necessary for the successful accomplishment of a certain interpreting task. In fact, the pre-interpreting preparation usually refers to the short-term preparation. It involves in getting familiar with the target language speaking habits which are very important to the interpreters. Before an interpreter begins to work, they should read through the documents they are able to obtain and organize all the documents in an easily recognizable way so that they can find them immediately when the speaker is delivering his speech. In short, when a interpreter carry on interpreting, speaking with agility and practical, precise and idiomatic expression not only can create a relaxing and pleasant atmosphere to the opposite side, but is a respect for the other partys culture.iii.English WritingEnglish writing, as a written form of initiative skills, is can objectively reflect the learners thinking ability of organization and speech skills. At present, in our country, learners of English, although was written in English, but the words, sentences and even the entire layout is the mode of composition in Chinese. If investigate its reason, we can find there are cultural barriers between Chinese and western. What are the causes of cultural barrier? Firstly, language cultural differences often present the eastern and western peoples different mindset. Westerners emphasis on analysis of logic in writing, analysis of characteristics. The Oriental mindset places emphasis on the intuition integrity, comprehension, and connotation. These thinking patterns create obstacles on different learners English writing. Secondly, every culture has its unique value system, and the system tell people how to distinguish between good and evil, beauty and ugliness. The Chinese nation lays stress on whole consciousness (Group Consciousness), and people praise highly of modesty, courtesy, take the world as it is. But in western culture, taking the world as it is regarded as the performance of the lack of enterprising spirit. They think Individualism (Individualism) as the core, advocate independent thinking and independent judgment, realize their own interests depending on their own ability, and regard personal interests as supremacy. The last point, from the standpoint of communication, code of conduct is appropriate communication mode. In terms of culture, it is moral standard or behavior criterion accepted by society. It tells people what to do and what not to do. Thus, in the writing, we should follow the principle of “when in Rome, do as the Rome does”, respect the custom of different Chinese and western culture, make use of accepted words according with western culture, reduce the cultural conflict. So what is the measure we should take? First of all, establish and strengthen cultural consciousness. Secondly, in each stage of language learning, we should pay attention to the cultural phenomenon and cultural connotation. Then make comparison with Chinese culture, find out the similarities and differences, and enhance the sensitivity of the cultural differences. Finally, we need to carry out a plan systematically to study culture and to take trainings. Make use of the word classification method to deeply look into the cultural differences in vocabulary internal. Widening vocabulary, applying the vocabulary properly accurately is also important. Use sentence patterns comparison methods to find some classic characteristics of the English sentence. Through the contrast study method, we should know the difference of the two languages, so as to learn English sentences unique usage. Another is language and text analysis method. Through the analysis of the reasons, we are required to write and rewrite the text with the purpose of writing training, the next step is understanding the English and Chinese discourse structure modes differences to cultivate logical reasoning ability and analytical generalization ability, thus we are able to fully dig writing potential and creativity so that we can write idiomatic English articles.IV. How to Mix Culture and English Learningi. Professional training For English and Chinese culture and language differences, as an English major student, we need to feel the breath of Engl