论文摘要报送格式要求.doc

论文摘要报送格式要求中文摘要部分题目（黑体小二）作者姓名（宋体四号）（以下内容均宋体五号）指导教师：学科：专业：研究方向：学位授予单位：摘要正文个人简历：作者姓名、性别、出生年月日、籍贯、高校就读以来学习工作简历、现在工作单位、现在从事何种研究工作等。英文摘要（英文部分与以上内容对应）附：范例城市灾害管理和震后应急反应辅助决策研究DISASTER MANAGEMENT FOR CITIES AND STUDY OF AIDED DECISION FOR POST-EARTHQUAKE EMERGENCY RESPONSE汤爱平Tang aiping指导教师：谢礼立 院 士 陶夏新 研究员Tutor: Prof. Li-li Xie Prof. Xiaxin Tao学 科：土木工程Subject: Civil Engineering专业：防灾减灾工程及防护工程(Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering)研究方向：城市防震减灾Research: Disaster Reduction in Urban Area学位授予单位：中国地震局工程力学研究所Awarding Place: Institute of Engineering Mechanics China Seismological Bureau论文摘要自然灾害是人类可持续发展的一大障碍，最大限度地减轻灾害对社会各个方面的破坏作用是整个世界都在努力解决的问题。本文在总结国内外重大自然灾害的基础上，从自然灾害的一般特征出发，探讨了灾害管理学的概念和内容，提出了一个较为合理的自然灾害定义和灾害划分等级，进而对灾害管理学的讨论，提出了我国灾害管理的模式，并指出在现阶段城市防灾减灾是灾害管理的重点，而建立应急反应体系是防灾减灾的重中之重。最后，本文从减轻地震灾害的角度出发，建立了基于GIS的震后应急反应辅助决策系统, 以提高人类在震后的决策能力。本文内容包括如下的几个部分： 第一，从自然灾害发生、发展的一般规律性，总结出自然灾害的一些基本特征，并在综述国内外自然灾害研究的先进成果基础上，提炼出自然灾害、自然灾象和益象的定义，并对三者的区别进行了讨论。本文给出的自然灾害定义为：以自然界作为发生的原动力，使人类及社会结构和人类生存环境承受超过极限的承受力而失去固有的平衡和稳定，造成人类赖以生存的基础破坏或功能失效，以导致人类和社会的损失为特征，并使对象在一定时间内难以依靠自身的力量恢复，人类目前尚无法完全避免和作出防范的突发事件。灾象是指原动力来自自然界，对人类的生存或社会的发展可能会带来潜在破坏作用的自然现象。益象是指原动力来自自然界，给人类的生存或社会的发展带来帮助且利多于弊的事件。区分了自然灾害与自然灾象两个互相关联而又迥然不同的概念。 第二，提高人类抗灾能力的有力工具是灾害管理，本文讨论了灾害管理学的主要研究内容，提出了我国的灾害管理亟待改革的建议和改革的模式。 第三，城市防灾减灾是灾害管理的重点，而建立应急反应体系是防灾减灾的重中之重，将管理学、决策论、控制论思想引入到城市灾害管理的实践中，是提高城市灾害管理的必由之路。在对古今中外城市灾害分析的基础上，讨论了城市发展必然要走综合防灾之路，并进一步建立了我国城市灾害管理模型。城市灾害管理模型的建立，将为城市的可持续发展和综合防灾提供强有力的支持。 第四，选取对城市危害最大的自然灾害之一地震作为研究对象，剖析了现阶段减轻城市震害的一条很有成效的方法震后应急反应。在此基础上，阐述了高科技应用于震后应急反应的明显效果。论证了地理信息系统应用于灾害管理和震后应急反应中的可行性。 第五，简述了地理信息系统的功能以及其在灾害管理、灾害防治、防震减灾中的应用概况。利用地理信息系统软件开发平台建立了震后应急反应的数据库，并在此基础上，建造了大庆油田抗震防灾信息及辅助决策系统的有关部分。在设定地震下，对系统的功能和决策结果进行了检测。 大庆油田抗震防灾信息及辅助决策系统不仅实现了大庆油田抗震防灾预案的计算机管理，还为震后各部门采取减灾的应急措施提供了辅助决策。提高了震后应急的效率。该系统也可用于城市、企业震后应急模拟训练，提高国民的防震减灾意识和技能。 本文在以下三方面取得了一定的进展(1) 将自然现象区分为益象和灾象，将自然灾害与自然灾象区别开来。(2) 提出了自然灾害的新定义和划分灾害等级的新方法。 (3) 建议了适合国情的灾害管理模式 (4) 提出了我国城市灾害管理的新模型(5)将高新技术应用于地震后应急反应中，建立了大庆油田抗震防灾信息及辅助决策系统的有关部分。AbstrctNatural disaster is one of the major barriers in the course of sustainable development of Society. Mitigating natural disaster is one of the major goals of human being. Upon summarizing lessons form great disasters over history, this paper presents a definition as well as a grade for classifying natural disaster, and proposes two models of disaster management, one for the state level of Chinese government, the other for Chinese cities. The paper is focusing on the methodology towards a safer society subjected to natural hazards, in particular, the seismic hazard. The paper consists of six parts. Firstly, based on the lessons and experience accumulated by our predecessors, a new definition of natural disaster is presented. The natural disaster is defined as a sudden eventuality with motive power from nature, of which aftermath may exceed the bearing capacity of society and its environment so that the society can no longer keep balance and stable, the foundation and conditions that citizens rely on for existence are damaged, and eventually lose their functions that cannot be resumed in a short period (in general within 10 day). The natural disaster is distinguished from natural hazards, and a procedure for evaluating disaster grade is proposed. Secondly, disaster management (DM) is emphasized as one of the powerful tool for reducing natural disaster. Some proposals for the system of disaster management in China are also presented. Thirdly，disaster prevention in a city is the key point in minimizing natural disaster, and then restructuring disaster management of cities should be improved . A new model of disaster management for cities is constructed. Management theory, controlled cybernetics and decision-making theory are applied in the model. Fourthly, earthquake disasters are the most severe natural disaster among all natural disasters to cities. Because most cities in China are very vulnerable to earthquake, the post-earthquake emergency response PEER is particularly significant to reduce earthquake calamity at present stage. However, high effective post-earthquake emergency response needs a huge amount of information. This paper devoted a detail study on PEER and discussed the possibility and necessity to apply in PEER. Fifthly, a detail description of geographic information system (GIS) has proved that GIS is powerful tool for post-earthquake emergency response. And the computer aided-decision system have been built up with the Daqing city as a example. At the same time, according to result of earthquake damage forecasting, the computer aided-decision system is tested with the scenario earthquake of magnitude M6. The presented information and computer aided-decision system for the Daqing city provides with not only the post-earthquake emergency response for government, but also provides many useful information and decisions options for daily management for the city.The contribution of this paper could been summarized as follows:(1) Given the new definition of natural disaster, natural hazard, natural profitable phenomenon. Distinguishing natural disaster from natural hazard.(2) Proposing a new disaster grade scale. (3) Proposing a new model of natural disaster management for government. (4) Constructing a new model of disaster management for cities in China.(5) Building a GIS based information & computer aided decisio