英语论文材料.doc

作及取得的研究成果。论文中除了特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或其他机构已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。其他同志对本研究的启发和所做的贡献均已在论文中作了明确的声明并表示了谢意。作者签名:日期论文使用授权声明本人同意上海海事大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即:学校有权保留送交论文复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅;学校可以上网公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或者其它复制手段保存论文。保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定。作者签名:导师签名:日期TO E.CTRANSLATIONOFBUSINESSCONTRACTSVJB YanRanran物 dertheSuPervisorof ProfessorChenHailong AThesisSub而 ttedtotheCollegeofForeignLanguage ShanghaiMaritimeUniVersity inPartialFulfillmentof theRequirementfortheDegreeofMA ShanghaiMaritimeUniversityJune，2007seholarswhoinonewsyor anotherhaveassistedtheauthorinthedeveloPmentofthisthesis， manywhose helPhasbeeninValuablemustberecognized.TheWorkCouldnothaVebeendone WithOUtthem. Firstofall， 1wouldIjketothankmysuPervisorProf.ChenHaiI0ng， forhisPatient， insPiringandinsighttulguidanCeandhisConstruCtiVeCOmmentSand SuggestionSduringthewholePeriodofWritingthisthesis.Furthermore， 1wouldliketoaddressmyheartfeltaeknowledgementstoall Professorsandinstruotorsfromwhom1havebenefitedimmenselyduringmy Poatgraduatestudies:ProfessorMaoJunehun， ProfessorFanMiaofu，Professor WengFengxiang， ProfessorZuobiao， ProfessorHanZhonghua， ProfessorWangDawei， ProfessorWangJuquan， ProfessorZhengLixin， anda!1theotherteaehers. MygratitudealsogoestomyroommatesandnumerousfriendsWhohave 9ivenmevaluableinformationandsuggestionsintheeourseofwritingthisthesis.Finall丫 !wouldliketoaeknowledgeasPecialdebttomyParenis.TheirIove，suPPort， understandingandeneouragementhavegreatlyeasedmyburdenand heIPedmeovereomeallobstaelesandProdueethePresentthesis.学校代码:10254论文编号:上海海事大学 SHANGHAMAR!TMEUNVRSTY硕士学位论文MASTERDSSERTATION论文题目:学科专业:作者姓名:指导教师:完成日期:从文体特征看英文商务合同的汉译外国语言学及应用语言学颜然然陈海龙副教授二00七年六月sContraetsABSTRACT ASamemberCountryoftheWTO， China15inVolvingitselfintheworld，s economymoreandmoreProfoundlyandwidely.As15knowntoall，business contraotsare， intheeontemPorary卜ighly一， egalizedsoeie饥 Playingan eVer-increasinglyimPo曲 ntroleinPeoPle 5eeonomicaCtivities， andthusthe translationofbusinesseontraCtS污 moreoftenthannotanurgenttaskawaiting comPetenttranslators. AlthoughthetranslationofbusinesseontraCtshasaIotineommonwiththe translationofdoeumentsofanyotherkind， languageinbusinessContraCtshasits uniquestylistiefeaturesandshallbegivenenoughattentiontowhensueh doeumentsaretranslated.Unfortunatel丫 therehasbeenanabseneeofProfound andsystematietheorytyPiea!ofthetranslationofbusinesseontraets.It15aPitythat skillsinvolvedinthetranslationofbusinesseontraCtsareonlydiseussedingeneral， whereonlyfewexamPlesareillustrated. BeginningwithananalysisOfbusinesscontraets， thethesisintendstodiseuss themethodstobeemPloyedintheE Ctranslationofbusinesseontraets，witha foeusonthelexieonandsyntaXlevels.Fr6mtheexamPlesgiveninthisthesis，it eanbeseenthatthetranslationteehniquesdiseussedPlayanimPortantroleintheE一 CtranslationOfbusinesseontracts. ThethesiseonsistsoffiveehaPtersandaeonelusion.ChaPteroneconduCtsa discussionofstylisticsandCOntraCtSfromageneralPersPeCtive.ChaPtertwoStartS bydistinguishingstylistiefeaturesofbusinesseontractsfromthePersPeCtiVesof lexieonandsyntaxandthenmovesontoaProPosalforthecriteriatobeadoPtedin thetranslationofbusinesseontraots.InehaPterthree， theauthoreontrasts trsditionslChinesetranslationtheorieSandWGSterntranslationthG0rieS.And sPeeifietranslationeriteriaforbusinesseontraetsaresummarizedastwo equivalenees:theequivaleneeofsemantiemessagefromsoureeIanguageto targetjanguageandtheequivaleneeofstylistiemessagefromsoureelanguageto targetIanguage.ChaPterfourandehaPterfivearethemostimPortantPartsofthis thesis.QuiteafewexamPlesareelabo以 edfromthePersPeetiveofE一 Ctranslation onbothlexieonandsyntaXlevels.AffertheseexamPlesareanajyzed， it15 eoneludedthatsuehteehniquesasdiseussedinthisthesisarewidelyemPloyedin(一essCOntraets摘要中国加入世贸组织之后，国内市场进一步对外开放，中国与世界各国的经济和贸易往来与日俱增。而在当今这样一个高度法治化的社会，商务合同与人们的经济生活己经是休戚相关，商务合同的翻译也显得尤为重要。商务合同翻译与一般性文件的翻译既有相通之处，又有其自身特点。但是有关商务合同翻译迄今并未得到深入研究，目前也未见有一套成熟的商务合同翻译理论体系。此外，有关商务合同翻译的实践，如翻译技巧等，虽有文章涉及，但却给人的感觉往往是泛泛而谈，点到为止，且举例甚少。这不可不说是一种缺憾。本论文从商务合同的文体特征入手，分析了商务合同英汉翻译的方法，尤其是深入挖掘了在词汇和句法层面的翻译技巧，并通过大量举例证明这些翻译技巧在商务合同的翻译中极为有用。本论文共分六章。第一章简单介绍文体学及合同的基本知识。第二章从论述商务合同在词汇和句法方面的文体特征入手，提出商务合同翻译的标准和基本要求。在论文的第三章，作者介绍了有关的翻译理论。在论述国外的翻译理论时，提到了泰特勒的翻译三原则和奈达的“功能对等”理论。介绍国内翻译理论时，提到了玄类的“忠实”、“顺畅”，严复著名的“信”、“达”、“雅”，以及鲁迅的“宁信而不顺”的观点。作者提出了商务合同翻译的标准:语义信息对等及风格信息对等。第四、第五两章是本论文的重点，通过一系列的举例说明，从词汇和句法层面深入探究了商务合同翻译的技巧。本论文从词汇和句法文体特征层面研究了商务合同的英汉翻译技巧，虽然相对于建立一套商务合同翻译理论体系而言，微不足道，但毕竟在商务合同翻译理论探索中迈出了一小步。在中国翻译界，商务合同的翻译是一个新领域，要求译者理论联系实际，不断提高语言能力。本文旨在抛砖引玉，真心希望在我国商务合同翻译领域内尽快有一套完整而成熟的商务合同翻译理论出现。关键字:商务合同;文体特征;翻译标准;英译汉技巧Contracts thetranslationofbusinesseontraCtSandtheyareeffeetivemeanstoaehievethe elosestnaturalequivaleneeintheE一 CtranslationofbusinesseontraCts. ThethesisdiseussestheE一 Ctranslat!onteehniquesfromthePersPeotiveof lexiconandsyntaxstylistiefeatures.Althoughiteannoteontributemuehtothe establishmentofasystematietheoryofthetranslationofbusinesseontraets，the thesis15atterallan8t temPttoCombineE一 CContrastivestudywiththetranslationof bUSineSSCOnt泊cts， ThetranslationofbUSinGSSContraCtS15abrsndn6wfieldinChina， 5translationeireleanditrequiresflexibleaPPlieationofvarioustranslation teehniques;ontoPofthat， itrequiresIanguageProfieieneyandeonsistentserutiny onthePartofatranslatorIt15theauthor 5SineerehoPethatthethesiswillthrow someIightonthetranslationofbusinesseontraCtSandaProfoundandsystematie theoryofthetranslationofbusinesseontraetswillbeeomeuPwithsoon. KEYWORDS:businesseontraCts， stylistiefeatures， translationeriteria，E一C translationteehniquesContractsContentS ChaPterlIntroduction.，.1 1.1Stylisties.，.1 1.1.1Style.1 1.1.2Stvlistics.2 1.2C0ntracts.3 1.2.1UgalLangUageasaVarietyofLangUage.，.3 1.2.2ContractsasaSub.、恤 rletyofLegalTexts.4Ch叩 ternStylisticFeaturesofBusinessContracts.52.1玫 xiconFeaturesofEnglishBusinessConiracts.5 2.1.1AdoptionofLiter盯 yorBigWbrds.5 2.1.2UsageofArchaism.6 2.1.3Terms.7 2.1.4JuxtaPositi0n.8 2.L4.ICoordinatinnofSynonymsorNear一synonyms.C。 rdinatfonofAntonyms二.9八， nU11勺，丹J月“.J、 J00OQ0O002矛nU月 1111.立，内一啥哎月今J叮J哎7口J点J，l一吠J，陇Jl、 .122222222222111111112111勿22么么 CoordinationofRelative叭 /Ords 2.1.5UsageofFuzzy叭 /ords 2.1.6CaPitalization. 2.2SyntaxFeaturesofEngllshBusinessConiraCts. 2.2.1DedarativeSeniences.2.2.2助 ngsenienee. 2.2.3PassivevoiceandPresentTense. 2.2.4IlnPersonalStructure 2.2.5ModalVerbs. 2.2.6N6minal挽atfon. ChaPtermCriteriaforTranslationofBusinessContracts. 3.IGeneralTranslatlonCritetia. 3.1.1MajorTranslationCriteriainChina. 3.1.2MajorTranslationCriteriaAbroad. 3.2SPeeificCriteriaforBusinessConiractTranslation.Ch叩 terrVE一 CTrallslationforBusinessConiracts. 4.1Onthe址xicon址vel. 4.1.1TranslationofUteraryW6rdsor玩galExPressions. 4.1.2TranslationofAichaism. 4.1.3TranslatfonofTechnical认/Ords. 4.1.4TranslatfonofStringsofSynonymsorNear-synonyms.，.，.，. 4.2ontheSyntaxL启vel. 4.2.1ReadjustingtheSenteneeElements AdjustingtheSu衍ect.-. .1AdjustingtheSubjecttoPredicate，.2Adjustingthesu场ectt00衍ect..3AdjustingtheSubjecttoAttributive.AdjustingtheObject. .1Adjustingtheo坷e以 toSu衍ect..2AdjustingtheObjecttoPredicate.夕ontraets PeoPleatonetime，orev血 overaPeriodoftime. (3)Thewordmaybeusedinanevaluativesense， refetringtotheeffeetivenessofa modeofexPression.( )partlyoverlaPPingwiththetlireesensesjustmentioned， thewordmayreferto solelyliterarylanguage GeoffreyN.玫 eehandMichaelShort(1981)summarizethefollowingeoneePtsof styleins妙 leofFiction:ALingu台 tieIntroduetiontoEnglishFietionalP矛 Ose. (1)Style15awayinwhichlangUage15used:i.e. itbelongstoParoleratherthantolangue. (2)StyleconsistsinchoieesmadefromtherePertoireofthelanguage. (3)Astyle15definedintermsofadomainoflanguageuse(e.g.whatehoicesare madebyaParticularauthor， inaParticulargenre， orinaParticulartext). (4)Style15relativelytransParentoroPaque:transPareneyimPliesParaPhrasability; oPaeityimPliesthatatexteannotbeadequatelyParaPhrased， andthat interpretationofthetextdePendsgreatlyontheereativeimaginationofthereader Accordingt0V/angZuoliang(1987:i)， styleeanbeseenbothfromn二 owandbroad senses.Styleofnarrowsensemeans，i e.literarystyle， 15meantforthesPecialstyleofa eertainwriterwhilestyleofbroadsensereferstovariousstylesofalanguage， suehas eolloquialandwritingstyle. 1.1.2Stylistics Inabroadsense， stylistieseoversthestudyofthevarietiesofalanguagewithits focusontheir即 propriatenessonvariousoeeasions.(王佐良，T往道，1987:111) Accordingto几 eFOntanaDietionaryofMddern几ought， stylisties15abranchof lingUistieswhlchstudiesthecharacteristiesofsituationally一 distinctiveusesoflanguage，withP叭 ieularrefereneetoliterarylangUage， andtriestoestablishPrineiPlescaPableof accountingforthePartieularchoieesmadebyindividualsandsoeialgrouPsintheiruseoflangua罗 .WaleswroteinhisADictionaryof匆 listicsin1989:“ stylisties15thestudy; justasstylecanbeviewedinseveralways， 50thereareseveraldifferentstylistie aPProaches.Thisvarietyinstylistics15duetothemaininflueneeoflinguistiesandliterary eritieism.Byfarthemosteommonldndofmaterialstudied15literary;andattention15 largelytext一 eentered.Thegoalofthemoststylistics15notsimPlytodescribetheformalsContracts ChaPter1Introduction 1.1Stylistics 1.1.1Style InthePastdeeades， manytranslationtheoristsandtranslatorsathomeandabroad havecometorealizethatstylePlaysanimPortantroleintranslation.ACCordingtoNida&几ber(1969:12)， translatingconsistsinreProdueinginthereeePtorlanguagetheelosest naturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage， firstintermsofmeaningandthenin termsofstyle.Snell一Homby(1985:119)Putsfo， ardthenotion， thefactorofstyleintranslating.Newmark(1982)，Mason(1990)，Hat加 (1997)andNida(2001)allattachgreat imPortaneetothematterofstyleintranslatingintheirworks.hiChina， WangZuoliang (1987)andQin 兀ubai(1987)bothstatethatthestudyofstylistics15ofgreat51加fieanee totheirtranslatingwork TheconcePtofstyle， asDavid功 dge(1966:49)Putsit，15“ surelyoneofthemost vexedtermsinthevocabularyofliterarycritieism， andhasgainednewimPetuswithinthe fieldofstylisticsinreeenideeades， whenlinguistsaPPlyittovariousasPectsoflanguage. It15difficulttodemonstrateallthedefinitionsgivenbydifferentstylistietheorists，who havedifferentPurposesintheirstylistiePraetieeandtheirviewsofstylefoeusondifferent asPeetsoflangUage.Therefore， thefollowingareonlysomerePresentativeones. NilsErickEnkVist(1964)demonstratesthefollowingconeePtsofstyle: (1)sayingtherightthinginthemosteffeetivewa多 (2)StyleasashellsurroundingaPre一 existingcoreofthoughtorexPression. (3)Styleasasetofcolleetiveeharaeteristies. (4)StyleasthechoieebetweenaltemativeexPressions. (5)Styleasthoserelationsamonglinguistieentitiesthatarestableintermsofwider sPansoftextthanthesentences. CrystalandDavy(1969)distinguishfourconeePtsofstyleinInvestigatingEnglish匆le. (1)StylemayrefertosomeorallofthelanguagehabitsofonePerson.ForexamPle，ShakesPear 5styleandLuXu 5style，ete. (2)ThewordmayrefertosomeorallofthelanguagehabitssharedbyagrouPofContractsAdjus血gthePredicative.29 .1AdjustingthePredicativetoSubjeet.2.2AdjustingthePredicativointoPredicate.2Adjus血gtheAitributive.30 .1AdjustingtheAitributivetoPredicate.so.2峭ustingtheAitribotivetoAdverbial.304.2.1.SAdjus血gtheAdverbial.31 .1Adjus血9thoAdverbialtotheSubject.，.3.2Adjus血gtheAdvethialtoAitributive.31 4.2.2TranslationofPassiveVoice.，.，.，.，.，.32 TransformingthePassiveVoice.犯 .1TransformingtheAgentofAct1ontotheSubjeet.32 .2Transfo皿ingAdverbialtoSubject.33 .3Transformingthesu坷e以toObjeet.33 TranslationOfPassiveVoice.34 .1TranslatingPassiveVoicetoActiveVoice.34 .2TranslatingPassiveVoicetoPassiveVoice.35 .3Translatingof“nis+RP.structure.36 4.2.3TranslatfonofSubordinateClauses.36 4.2.3.ITranslatinnofAdvethlalClause.，.36 .ITranslatfonofAdvethialClauseofTime.36 .2TranslationofAdverbialClanseofPurpose.37 .3TranslationofAdverbialClauseofCondition.38 .3.1Conditionofsupposition.39 .3.2ConditionofPrerequlsite.41 .3.3ConditionofExeePtion.41 .4TranslatfonofAdverbialClauseofManner.42 TranslatfonofAitributlveClause.43 4.2.4Transfationof，Shall.44 ChaPterVExamPlesofMistranslatinns.46C0ndusion.51BibliograPhy.52多Contracts 1.2.2Con如 etsasaSub VarietyofLegalTexts Ugaltextsaredividedintovarioussub一 varietiessuchasstatues，ordinanees，verdicts， andtreaties， eachconCemingonespecifiele邵l五 spectinpeople， 5life(Mellinkoff， 1963:1). Thewriterofthisthesisholdstheviewthatcontractsshallberegardedasasub一 varietyof legaltextsastheybeartheabove一 mentionedfeaturesoflegallanguage.Accordingto户 Jtlele2oftheCOntractLawofthePeople含 RePublicofChina，“ Contraetreferredtoin thisLawareagreementsbetweenequalnaturalPersons， legalPersonsandother organizationsforthePurposeofestablishing， alteringandterminatingmutualeivilrights ando