研究生论文摘要.doc

【中文题名】民用建筑供电系统静止同步的研究【英文题名】Research of Civil Power Supply System STATCOM【作 者】黄小梅【毕业年份】2010【学 位】硕士【专 业】控制理论与控制工程【研究方向】智能建筑与自动控制【指导教师】李伟【中文关键词】无功补偿，谐波滤除，静止同步补偿器，准能控性，整体设计，仿真实验【英文关键词】reactive power compensation, harmonic filter，static synchronous compensator, quasi-controllability, The overall design, Simulation experiments【中文摘要】静止同步补偿器在电力系统中的应用日益广泛，起到了提高电力系统功率因数、消除高次谐波的作用，显著提高了电网的供电品质，减小了馈电线路的线路损耗。目前静止同步补偿器主要应用于高压大容量的场合，在民用建筑中低压小容量的供配电系统中的应用还不多见。本文针对民用建筑中大量存在的变配电所研制一种系统电压为380/220V、容量在100kvar及以下的静止同步补偿器。由于民用建筑中低压供电系统包含大量的照明负荷和电热负荷，由单相供电，系统通常都是三相不平衡的，因此，这种静止同步补偿器必须具有在不平衡供电系统正常工作的能力，并且除了补偿不平衡低压配电网络的无功、滤除高次谐波之外，还应起到平衡三相电流的作用。本文所提出的静止同步补偿器可以应用于民用建筑供电系统三相不平衡无功负载的补偿，具有消除部分低阶高次谐波、消除电源侧零序电流的功能。本文的主要工作和结论如下：选用四桥臂变流器作为这种静止同步补偿器的主电路，建立了四桥臂静止同步补偿器的数学模型，对该模型的能控性进行了分析，在其状态不完全能控的基础上提出了静止同步补偿器的准能控性。准能控性的提出为静止同步补偿器误差电流范围的计算和选取提供了理论依据，具有重要的意义。对静止同步补偿器进行了整体设计：选用基于广义瞬时无功功率理论的误差电流检测方法，这种检测方法在电压波形发生畸变的情况下，仍然保持良好的测量精度，生成给定电流指令；误差电流控制选用双闭环控制的方法，这种方法基于非奇异坐标变换，将三相电流和三相电压变换到0直角坐标系，以更加明确的方式给出无功电流、有功电流以及零线电流，再进行逆变换，确定各相补偿电流和零线补偿电流的给定值；对系统的重要元器件进行了计算，列出了参数的计算过程和计算结果，这些计算结果使研究过程达到了扩大初步设计的深度。在研究过程中尤其是末期，在MATLAB上对系统作了仿真试验。仿真结果验证了该静止同步补偿器具有较好的补偿不平衡系统无功功率的性能，其动态响应令人满意，并且能够有效地滤除系统中低阶的高次谐波电流和零序电流。作为区别其他补偿器的特色，尽管三相负荷具有显著的不平衡状态，加入补偿器之后，电源端显示出良好的平衡状态，零序电流基本被消除了。民用建筑电气设计规范规定供电系统的低压配电半径不应超过250m，因此在民用建筑供电系统中低压变电所非常密集，功率因数补偿装置用量很大。因此可预计低压静止同步补偿器有良好的应用前景。 【英文摘要】Static synchronous compensator is widely used in electric power system, which reacts on improving power factor of electric system and eliminates the harmonic. It enhances the quality of power supply remarkably, and decreases the ullage of electric line. At present, static synchronous compensator is mainly used in the area of high voltage and huge capacitance, but is rarely used for low-voltage and small capacitance of civil building. The paper tries to develop a kind of static synchronous compensator which can work at 380/220V system voltage, have 100kvar capacitance, or lower. As there are a lot of lighting and electro thermal load, which works under single alternating voltage, three-phase low-voltage power system is unusually unbalanced. Therefore, the static synchronous compensator must have ability of working normally at unbalanced power system, and act on balancing three-phase current, besides compensating unbalanced reactive power of low-voltage power system and eliminating the harmonic. Static Synchronous Compensator proposed in this paper, can be used in power supply system of civil architecture. The technique can perform effectively on compensating unbalanced reactive power of low-voltage power system and eliminating the high harmonic and zero-sequence currents. The main works and conclusions are as follows: With four-leg converter designed as the main circuit, the mathematical model of Static Synchronous Compensator with four legs is established, and the controllability of this model is theoretically analyzed. The paper proposes the concept of quasi-controllability on the basis of incomplete controllability. This concept offers theoretical bases to calculate and extract the scope of error current of Static Synchronous Compensator and is of great importance. Static Synchronous Compensator is designed by method of detecting the scope of error current based on the generalized instantaneous reactive power theory. Compared with other detection methods, this method can keep well detection precision all the same and get reference current, when the voltage wave is freaky. To control the error current, a way of controlling current directly is used in this paper which is based on nonsingular transform. It transforms the three-phase voltage and current to 0 coordinates, and definitely presents the coordinates composed by reactive current, active current and zero-sequence current. Finally, reference value of compensating current of each sequence and the zero-sequence current can be obtained after inverse coordinate transformation. During the research period, the paper analyzed the parameter of important organ, and listed the calculating process and results of them, which extend the preliminary design of the research. During the research period, particularly in the end, the paper did simulation with MATLAB. The simulating results show that the Static Synchronous Compensator based on this papers theory can well compensate reactive power in the three-phase unbalanced power system, its dynamic response is highly enhanced and it can effectively eliminate the harmonic and zero-sequence current. As its feature different from other compensator, the source shows favorable balance state after this device working, in spite of the load is remarkably unbalanced in each phase, and the zero-sequence current is eliminated. “Designing Criterion of Civil Building”ordains that the radius of the low-voltage distributing power system should not exceed 250 meters. So the low-voltage transformer substations distribute quite densely in the power supply system of civil buildings, and the dosage of the device used for improving power factor is huge. Finally, we can forecast that the applying foreground of the low-voltage static synchronous compensator would be favorable. 【总页码】90【发布时间】2010-06-24 15:50:34【中文题名】基于Linux和图像处理的照明节电系统研究设计【英文题名】Research and Design of Electricity Saving Control System【作 者】翟丽华【毕业年份】2008【学 位】硕士【专 业】检测技术与自动化装置【研究方向】自动化装置的智能化与集成化【指导教师】赵秀珍【中文关键词】节电，人数检测，图象处理，ARM，Linux操作系统，网络【英文关键词】electric power saving, people counting detection,image processing, ARM,Embedded Linux,internet【中文摘要】近年来我国的电力工业发展很快，但是电力消费市场发展速度更是惊人，“缺电”已是2003年大幅度拉闸限电以来的热门话题。高等学校集教学、科研和生活于一体，现已成为重要的用电大户，其照明用电量已占总用电量的40%50%以上。而在高校中，照明用电浪费现象严重，长明灯现象非常普遍。为了解决当今高校教室的电能浪费问题，本系统以华恒的HHRAM2410-Study为开发平台，结合嵌入式Linux技术和图像处理技术，开发一套嵌入式照明及用电设备节电控制系统。在客户端完成视频图像采集，对采集到的图像进行图像处理，采取灰度阈值分割法，分离出教室内的学生目标，使用面积法对教室内学生计数，根据教室内人数和照度控制照明；并通过Internet传输图像到主机端，主机端可以对图像处理如解压显示、实时监控，也可通过Internet对客户端进行远程控制。本课题主要完成客户端的设计，包括硬件设计和软件设计两大部分。主要研究内容包括以下几个方面： 综合论述选题的背景和意义，以及照明控制系统的现状和发展情况，提出了基于32位ARM微处理器S3C2410和嵌入式操作系统Linux的平台设计方案，并采用图像处理的方法实现人数检测。 设计系统的总体方案，并以华恒HHARM-Study开发板为硬件平台，扩展光敏电路，搭建系统硬件平台。 搭建本系统的交叉编译环境，完成NFS和TFTP服务器的配置、嵌入式Linux系统移植、文件系统的移植以及PPCBoot的移植。 实现Linux操作系统下USB摄像头的驱动，完成Vedio4Linux下的图像采集。 实现照明节电控制系统的网络通信功能。对采集到的图像进行预处理，采取灰度阈值分割法分离出学生目标，使用面积法对学生人数进行计数。 【英文摘要】The power industry of China has developed rapidly in recent years，however the demand for electricity has been increasing in a much more faster speed. “Electricity Inadequacy” has become a hot topic ever since the electricity usage restriction in 2003. The comprehensive nature of universities functions, which include both academic and recreational function, has made them become major power consumers. In the meanwhile, the electricity consumption for lighting accounts for approximately 40% to 50% of universities total electricity consumption. Waste of lighting electricity in universities is very severe and the phenomenon of long-time day-lighting is very common. In order to solve the problem of electricity waste in university，the Energy Saving System for Lightning and Other Electricity-Consuming Equipments has been designed by us based on Huaheng Companys HHRAM2410-Study platform using embedded Linux technology and image processing technology. The system can capture classrooms video signal from USB digital camera and judge the number of students in the classroom by image processing technology. Then combining a variety of other related factors such as indoor illumination and integrated control strategy identified at this time, the system is capable of determining whether or not to turn on the lights in the classroom，as well as the number of lights. In this paper we mainly focus on the design of embedded client including both hardware design and software design. The main contents are as follows: The background and significance of the topic are summarized in this thesis, as well as the status and development of lighting control system. We propose the platform design based on 32-bit ARM microprocessor S3C2410 and embedded Linux operating system, and use image processing method to detect the number of people The overall system design scheme is included in this thesis.in the classroom. We expand the photosensitive module and established platform of hardware system Theon the basis of hardware platform Huaheng HHARM-Study development board. cross-compiler environment about embedded development was built in this project. We have accomplished the NFS and TFTP server configuration, embedded Linux Wesystem migration and the transplantation of file system and PPCBoot. studied exploitation of USB equipment driver under the Linux operating system, We pretreated theand completed the image acquisition under Vedio4Linux. images that had been collected, then got the binary images of the classroom with the image segmentation algorithm, and counted the number of the students with The network communication function of the Energythe method of proportion. Saving System for Lightning was achieved. 【总页码】70【发布时间】2008-07-01 11:08:40【中文题名】综合布线专家系统的研究与实现【英文题名】Research and Realize on Generic Cabling Expert System【作 者】王义【毕业年份】2009【学 位】硕士【专 业】检测技术与自动化装置【研究方向】自动化装置的智能化与集成化【指导教师】齐保良【中文关键词】专家系统，综合布线，面向对象，人工智能【英文关键词】expert system, generic cabling system, object-oriented, artificial Intelligence【中文摘要】随着信息技术的发展，信息技术在建筑设计业得到了空前的发展和广泛的应用。目前,建筑设计普遍采用的CAD系统只是侧重于图形的绘制, 主要功能是工程图的绘制和输出，产品设计功能相对薄弱，不能满足建筑信息化的需求。专家系统是一个能在某个特定领域内，用人类专家的知识、经验和能力去解决该领域中复杂困难问题的计算机程序系统。将专家系统与CAD技术相结合，把具有学习、记忆和推理功能的专家系统运用于CAD系统，形成集工程数据库及管理系统、知识库及拟人化用户接口管理系统于一体的智能CAD系统，使系统的性能得到更大的改善，可靠性进一步提高，灵活性更大，能够适应千变万化的工程设计的实际需要。文章首先对综合布线技术的发展状况和CAD技术在综合布线行业的应用情况进行了介绍，对专家系统和面向对象技术适用于综合布线领域的结构和特点进行了阐述，然后详细论述了综合布线专家系统的功能设计，即知识库、数据库、推理机的设计等。通过对关键技术的研究，阐述了开发综合布线专家系统设计软件的思路和方法。本文通过对专家系统的研究，建立了综合布线专家系统，并根据本文的研究思路和方法编写了综合布线施工图智能CAD系统的基本程序。根据综合布线系统的特点，建立了专家知识库和规则库,定义了系统模型和推理机制,对知识库系统中的推理机制从推理算法上进行了数学描述；提出了恢复墙体信息的策略以及墙体匹配原则；在一定程度上实现了建筑底图的识别。系统采用可视化编程语言.NET API和通用绘图工具AutoCAD作为开发工具，运用先进的面向对象技术、人工智能技术、计算机图形处理技术和数据库技术，实现设计、绘图和数据处理的一体化。开发的智能CAD系统能较好地推动了建筑信息化的发展，对于促进综合布线CAD技术向高层次的集成化、智能化和标准化方向发展具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 【英文摘要】With the development of information technology, information technology in the architectural design industry has undergone an unprecedented development and a wide range of applications. At present, the CAD systems which architectural design commonly used only focus on the graphics rendering, its main function is project and output mapping, and its design function is relatively weak, which unable to meet the demand for construction information. Expert system is a computer program system which use of human expert knowledge, experience and ability to solve the problem of complex and difficult in a particular area. We can make the expert system which with the functions of learning, memory and reasoning used in CAD systems, formed a project database and management system, knowledge base and anthropomorphic user interface management system in one of the intelligent CAD system, greater system performance improvement, further improve reliability, greater flexibility, to adapt to the ever-changing engineering design of the actual needs. The article first introduced technology development of generic cabling and the application of CAD in this field, described the structure and characteristics of expert system and object-oriented which applicable to the generic cabling, and then discussed in detail the integrated wiring system design experts, that is, knowledge base, database, inference engine of the design. Through the study of key technologies，illustrated the ideas and me