人教版高一英语必修一 unit4 earthquake 定语从句.ppt

句子成分 主语谓语宾语表语宾补定语状语同位语 ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语 1 Then laterthatafternoon anotherbigquake shookTangshan 2 Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstone whoweretrappedandtoburythedead Somesentenceswithatrributiveclauseinthetext Butthepeopleinthecity wenttosleepasusualthatnight ItwasheardinBeijing whothoughtlittleoftheseevents whichismorethan200kilometersaway Ahugecrack cutacrosshouses roadsandcanals Thenumberofpeople reachedmorethan400 000 thatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswide whowerekilledorinjured 什么是定语从句 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 什么是先行词 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 什么是关系词 有哪些关系词 他们有什么作用 关系词 关系代词 关系副词 位置 作用 处于先行词和定语从句之间 1 连接主句与从句 2 指代先行词 3 在从句中充当成分 whichthatwhowhomwhose whenwherewhy 注意 定语从句一般紧跟先行词 有时为了平衡句子结构的需要 可能不紧跟先行词 而放在更后面的地方 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 Thebuildingwhichstandsbytheriverisourschool 主句 定语从句 先行词 关系词 关系词指代 关系词在定语从句中的成分 Thebuildingisourschool whichstandsbytheriver building which building 主语 关系代词 指人 指物 whowhomthatwhose thatwhichwhose 主语 宾语 宾语 主语 宾语 定语 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 定语 关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以 whom who which that whose 何时可以省略 做宾语时可以省略 Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor thefatherofwhomisadoctorIlivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin theroofofwhichhasfallenin Thosewhowanttogocomehere Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere 注意 who that在指人可以通用 但下列宜用who 1 先行词是anyone someone everyone somebody anybody nobody everybody those one ones时 2 在therebe句型中 先行词指人 关系词用who Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou Therearemanymenwhoareagainsthim 限制性定语从句只能用that不用which的几种情况 1 当先行词是anything everything nothing something few all none little some等不定代词时 或者是由every any all some no little few much等修饰时 DidyoutakedowneverythingthatMr Lisaid ThereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleAllthatcanbedonehasbeendone ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou 2 当先行词被序数词修饰 Thefirstplacethattheyvisitedwasmyhome 3 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen 4 当形容词被thevery theonly thesame thelast修饰时 ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy Theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned 例 WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolthat whowillattendthemeeting 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可以用who 例 Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere WhichistheT shirtthatfitsmemost 5 当先行词既有人 也有动物或者物体时 Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned 6 当先行词前面有who which等疑问代词时 1 在定语从句中加了多余的宾语或主语 SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn tcome Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary Thisisthemanthathewascaughtstealingyesterday 2 把定语从句谓语动词的单 复数弄错 Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome 3 误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词 Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth 4 在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词 Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether 定语从句常见错误归纳1 breaks have that which 关系代词限制性定语从句只能用that不用which的几种情况限制性定语从句中只能用who不用that的几种情况 revision TheboyisTom Theboyissmiling Theboywho thatissmilingisTom 主语 TheboyisTom Hesitsinfrontofme Theboywho thatsitsinfrontofmeisTom ThemanisJim sfather Everyonelikeshim Theman whom who that everyonelikesisJim sfather 宾语 Thesilksellswell ThesilkisproducedinSuzhou Thesilkwhich thatisproducedinSuzhousellswell 主语 Thesongsareverypopular Thesingersangthesongslastnight Thesongs which that thesingersanglastnightareverypopular 1 Theteacherlivesinthehouse Itsfrontdoorisred Theteacherlivesinthehousewhosefrontdoorisred 2 TheboyisstudyinginBeijingUniversity HisparentsdiedintheTangshanearthquake TheboywhoseparentsdiedintheTangshanearthquakeisstudyinginBeijingUniversity 基础练习 1 Isthatthehouse youboughtlastyear A whereB which2 Isthatthepictureat youarelaughing A whichB that3 Itisthemostinterestingbook I lleverread A whichB that B B A 4 Thestreet istotheparkisverynarrow A whereB which5 Theperson findsmywatchwillgetareward A whoB whom6 Thisistheroom welistenedtothelecturein A whichB where B A A 7 Theboy motherisillcannotcometotheparty A who sB whose8 Tellmethereason heexplainedtoyou A whichB why B A 填空 1 Lookatthatlady nameisPochi 2 Heisateacher Ilikeverymuch 3 Thosepictures weredrawnbyTomarenice 4 Those willgototheparkstayhere 5 Thatwasallthemoney Ihad whose whom that which that who that 6 Tomisthefirstboy lefttheroom 7 Lookattheboyandhisdog arecomingthisway 8 Youcanreadanybook Ihave 9 Themanto Ispokewasaforeigner that that that whom Earthquakeisadisaster 翻译1 那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友 Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends 2 我不认识那个和你说话的女孩 Idon tknowthegirlwhom thatyouspeakto 3 她是一个叫玛丽的女孩 SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary 1 Theboyswhoareplayingfootballaremyfriends 2 Heistheperson whom youtalkedabout 3 Heisthepersonaboutwhomyoutalked 4 Thisisabookwhichislikedbymostboys 5 Thisisthepen which heboughtyesterday 6 Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks 7 Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor thefatherofwhomisadoctor8 Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin theroofofwhichhasfallenin that who whom 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who指人 在定语从句中做主语 例 1 Theboyswhoareplayingfootballaremyfriends 2 YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway 关系代词引导的定语从句 2 whom指人 在定语从句中充当宾语 常可省略如介词提前则不能省 例 1 Heistheperson whom youtalkedabout 2 Heisthepersonaboutwhomyoutalked 注意 关系代词whom在口语中常用who代替 可省略 但在介词后面只能用whom不可用who 例 Theman who whom youspoketoismyfriend Themantowhomyouspokeismyfriend 3 which指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 如介词提前则不能省略 例 1 Thisisabookwhichislikedbymostboys 2 Thisisthepen which heboughtyesterday 3 Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks 4 that指人时 相当于who或者whom 指物时 相当于which 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 例 1 Thenumberofthepeoplethat whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion 2 Whereistheman that whom Isawyesterday Ilostthebook that which Iboughtyesterday Doyouknowthenameofthebookthat whichispopularwithstudentnow 5 whose通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 例 Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin 例 Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenisthere TheclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenisthereDoyouknowtheboywhosenameisTom DoyouknowtheboythenameofwhomisTom 注意 whose指物时 常用the 名词 ofwhom which来代替 Butonemillionpeopleofthecity whothoughtlittleoftheseevents wenttobedasusualthatnight ItwasheardinBeijing whichisonehundredkilometersaway Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses roadsandcanals Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400 000 Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed Thisisthemanwhohelpedmeyesterday ThisisthemanwhomIhelpedyesterday Thebuildingisourschool Thebuildingstandsbytheriver Thebuildingwhich thatstandsbytheriverisourschool 先行词关系词定语从句 定语从句 Thewomanismymother Thewomanisspeakingatthemeeting Thewomanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother TheboyisTom Theboyissmiling TheboyisTom Theboyhasaroundface Theboywho thatissmilingisTom 主语 Theboywho thathasaroundfaceisTom TheboyisTom Hesitsinfrontofme Theboywho thatsitsinfrontofmeisTom ThemanisJim sfather Everyonelikeshim Theman whom who that everyonelikesisJim sfather 宾语 Thewomangotthejob Wesawheronthestreet Thewoman whom who that wesawonthestreetgotthejob Theteacherwillgiveusatalk Wemettheteacheryesterday Theteacher whom who that wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk Thesilksellswell ThesilkisproducedinSuzhou Thesilkwhich thatisproducedinSuzhousellswell 主语 Thesongsareverypopular Thesingersangthesongslastnight Thesongs which that thesingersanglastnightareverypopular Canyoufindthepen Iwrotewithitjustnow CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow Canyoufindthepen which Iwrotewithjustnow Theroom Jimlivesinlooksverynice Theroomin Jimliveslooksverynice Theroom Jimliveslooksverynice Theperson youjusttalkedtoisMr Li Thepersonto youjusttalkedisMr Li which that whom who whom that which where Thebuildingwhich thatstandsbytheriverisourschool 先行词关系词定语从句 2 关系词 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词 that which who whom whose 关系副词 where when why 关系词常有3个作用 a 代替先行词 b 引导定语从句 连接先行词与它引导的定语从句 把主句和从句连起来 c 在定语从句中担当一个成分 关系代词的使用取决于先行词 它们的关系非常密切 因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词 所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后 而且它的人称 数必须和先行词一致 which that是关系代词 它在从句中代替先行词thebuilding 同时担任从句中的主语 也起连词的作用 把两个简单句连接起来 Thebuildingwhich thatstandsbytheriverisourschool 先行词关系词定语从句 Thewomanwho thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother 主句 Thewomanismymother 叙述客观事实用一般现在时 从句 who that thewoman spokeatthemeetingyesterday 句中yesterday表示过去时间 注意 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制 2 若介词放在关系代词前 关系代词指人时只用whom 不可用who或者that 指物时只能用which 不能用that 关系代词是所有格时用whose 介词在末尾时 关系词可以省略 Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend T Themanwithwho thatyoutalkedismy