人教版高中英语必修5Unit-1全单元课件.ppt

Unit1GreatScientists geologist地质学家geographer地理学家mathematician数学家physicist物理学家chemist化学家 agriculturist农学家astronomer天文学家botanist植物学家biologist生物学家inventor发明家 Scientist Newwords 1 WarmingupTextstudyNewwords 2 LearningaboutLanguageUsinglanguageWorkbook WARMINGUP 1 Canyounamesomefamousscientists Newton Galileo Edison Watt Curie Bell 王选 袁隆平 钱学森 陈景润 2 TrythequizonP1andfindoutwhoknowsthemost 1 Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat Archimedes 287 212BC anancientGreekmathematician physicist 2 Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged CharlesDarwin 1808 1882 BritishauthorofTheOriginofSpecies 3 Whoinventedthefirststeamengine ThomasNewcomen 1663 1729 British improvedthefirststeampumpandturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712 JamesWattimproveditandturneditintothefirstmodernsteamengineusedontherailways 4 Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren GregorMendel 1822 1884 Czech 捷克人 5 Whodiscoveredradium MarieCurie 1867 1934 PolishandFrench wontwoNobelPrizes 6 Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities ThomasEdison 1847 1931 anAmericaninventor 7 Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople LastSupper MonaLisa LeonardodaVinci 1452 1519 Italianartist 8 Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground SirHumphryDavy 1778 1829 British MiniatureMiner sSafetyLamp 9 Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened ZhangHeng 78 139 Chinese inventedseismograph 10 Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes StephenHawking 1942 aBritishastronomer Textstudy Pre readingSkimmingFastreadingDetailedreadingComprehending 1 Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch Discussinsmallgroupsthestagesinsettingoutanewscientificidea Whatorderwouldyouputthemin Pre reading Findaproblem Thinkofamethod Makeaquestion Collectresults Analysetheresults Findsupportingevidence Drawaconclusion 2 Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdisease 1 Infectiousdiseasescanbespreadeasily 2 Theymaydogreatharmtopeople AIDS SARSareinfectiousdiseases 3 Infectiousdiseasesaredifficulttocure Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera CholeraiscausedbyabacteriumcalledVariancholera 霍乱弧菌 Itinfectspeople sintestines 肠胃 causingdiarrhea 腹泻 vomitingandlegcramps 腿抽筋 Themostcommoncauseofcholeraispeopleeatfoodordrinkwaterthathasbeenpollutedbythebacteria Variancholera Skimming 1 What sthemainideaofthepassage JohnSnowwasawell knowndoctorinLondon ThecauseofCholerawaspollutedwater Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined HowdidJohnSnowcollect analyzedataandfindthecauseofthediseaseandsolvedit Fastreading in10minutes Step1 Matchthemainideawitheachparagraph Para 1Para 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Para 7 JohnSnowcollectedinformationtotestthetwotheories JohnSnowsuggestedhowtopreventcholerafromhappeningagain JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondonandhewaskindenoughtohelptheordinarypeoplewithcholera JohnSnowwassureenoughthatpollutedwatercarriedthediseaseofcholera JohnSnowwasinterestedintwotheoriesaboutcholera Thereasonforcholerawasthatthesourceofthewater 水源 waspolluted Themapshowedthatthepollutedwatermightbethereasonforcholera Step2 Readthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened P3 E1 JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854 JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere KingCholerawasdefeated Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump 2 1 4 7 3 8 5 6 Detailedreading JohnSnowDefeats KingCholera JOHHSHOWDEFEATS KINGCHOLERA Para 1JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon soexpert indeed thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound Chinese Task1 Para 2Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied Chinese Task2 Para 3JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854 hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods hebegantogatherinformation Intwoparticularstreets thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy Chinese Task3 Para 4Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet especiallynumbers16 37 38and40 Healsonoticedthatsomehouses suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet hadhadnodeaths Hehadnotforeseenthis sohemadefurtherinvestigations Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame Chinese Task4 Para 5Next JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas Chinese Task5 Para 6InanotherpartofLondon hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak Awoman whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday Bothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus Chinese Task6 Para 7Topreventthisfromhappeningagain JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore Finally KingCholera wasdefeated Chinese Task7 约翰 斯洛击败 霍乱王 Para 1约翰 斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生 他的确医术精湛 因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生 但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时 他就感到很振奋 霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病 人们既不知道它的病源 也不了解它的治疗方法 每次霍乱暴发时 就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去 约翰 斯洛想面对这个挑战 解决这个问题 他知道 在找到病源之前 霍乱疫情是无法控制的 English Para 2斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣 一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着 像一股危险的气体到处漂浮 直到找到病毒的受害者为止 第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的 病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身 患者就会很快地死去 English Para 3斯洛推测第二种说法是正确的 但他需要证据 因此 在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候 约翰 斯洛着手准备对此进行调研 当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候 约翰 斯洛就开始收集资料 他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重 在10天之内就死去了500多人 他决心要查明其原因 English Para 4首先 他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方 这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索 许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近 特别是这条街上16 37 38 40号 他发现有些住宅 如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号 却无人死亡 他以前没预料到这种情况 所有他决定深入调查 他发现 这些人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工 而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝 因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水 看来水是罪魁祸首 English Para 5接下来 约翰 斯洛调查了这两条街的水源情况 他发现 水是从河里来的 而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了 他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手 这样 水泵就用不成了 不久 疫情就开始得到缓解 他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的 English Para 6在伦敦的另一个地区 他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据 有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的 她特别喜欢那里的水 每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来 她和她的女儿喝了这种水 都得了霍乱而死去 有了这个特别的证据 约翰 斯洛就能够肯定地宣布 这种被污染了的水携带着病菌 English Para 7为了防止这种情况的再度发生 约翰 斯洛建议所有水源都要经过检测 自来水公司也接到指令 不能再让人们接触被污染的水了 最终 霍乱王 被击败了 English Task1 Readthefirstparagraphcarefully thenanswerthesequestions 1 Whatwasthemostdeadlydiseasein19thcentury Why 2 Whencouldthecholerabecontrolled Thecholera becauseneitheritscause noritscurewasunderstood JohnSnowknewitwouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound Task2 Whatwerethetwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied Task3 Readthethirdparagraphthentellthesesentencesaretrueorfalse 1 WhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854 Johnsnowwasreadytobeginhisenquiry 2 Hefoundthatintwotallbuildingsthecholeraoutbreakwassosevere Trueorfalse Task4 WhathelpedJohnSnowfindtheclueaboutthecauseofthedisease AmapofLondon Task5 WhatdidJohnSnowfind Hefoundthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas Task6 WhenwasJohnSnowabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus AfterhefoundtwodeathsinanotherpartofLondonthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak Task7 Topreventthecholerafromspreadingagain whatdidJohnSnowdo Suggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexamined Instructedthewatercompaniesnottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore DiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsGrammarDiscoveringusefulstructures Learningaboutlanguage Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions Ex 1Findthewordandexpressionfromthetextforeachofthefollowingmeanings 1 someonewhosufferswhensomethingbadhappens2 adoctor3 toexamineandthinkaboutsomethingcarefully4 towinavictoryoversomeone victim physician analyse defeat 5 somethingthattestsstrength skillorability6 aquestionyouasktogetinformation7 amachineforraisingwater8 tosayorthinkthatsomeoneorsomethingisresponsibleforsomethingbad9 totakein10 toconnectsomethingwithsomethingelse challenge enquiry pump blame absorb link to Ex 2Choosethewordsintheircorrectformstocompletethispassage foreseecuresevereexpertattendannouncesuspectconcludeexpose SimonLeewasafamousfootballerbuthiscareercametoanendwhenhedevelopeda illness Hisdoctor thatSimonhadbeen toanewvirus Allattemptsbythe to himfailed Simon thathewouldnotgetbetterand thathemustleavefootball Finally he thathewouldmakeanewcareercoachingyoungfootballplayers Athislastmatchallhisfans andpraisedhimbysingingthepopularsong Thanksforthememory severe suspected exposed experts cure foresaw concluded announced attended Ex 3SometimesinEnglishweputtheverbmakewithanouninsteadofusingasimpleverb forexample makeamistakeinsteadoftomistake Lookatthesesimpleverbsandmakeanotherconstructionusingmake a noun Addonemoreofyourown makeasuggestion makeaplan makeaspeech makeachange makeaninvestigation makeadecision makeacontribution makeanoise makeadescription tochoose makeachoice Grammar 过去分词作定语和表语 过去分词作定语1 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词之前 过去分词短语作定语一般要后置 twomarriedwomenafoundumbrellaausedstampfallenleavesanovelwrittenbyJimthelettersenttoourboss2 过去分词具有被动或完成的含义 What sthelanguagespokeninGermany Theydecidedtorebuildthedamagedbridge 3 过去分词作定语常可扩展为一个定语从句 Heisfondofthefoodcooked whichhadbeencooked byyourmother Thereportisthebestofitskindeverwritten thathaseverbeenwritten 4 有时通过一个形容词或数词加另一名词的 ed形式构成复合形容词 athree leggeddeskaone eyeddoganhonest facedmanawarm heartedlady a 用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词 带有被动意义和完成意义 例如 Welikeskatinginthefrozenlakeinthewinter Welikeskatinginthelakewhichhasbeenfrozeninthewinter Howmanyfinishedproductshaveyougotuptonow Howmanyproductsthathavebeenfinishedhaveyougotuptonow 来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语 能作这样用的仅限以下几个词 这时仅表示完成意义 不表示被动意义 例如 aretiredworker aworkerwhohasretiredanescapedprisoner aprisonerwhohasescapedafaded witheredflower aflowerthathasfaded witheredfallenleaves leavesthathavefallentherisensun thesunthathasjustrisenareturnedstudent astudentwhohasreturnedvanishedtreasure treasurethathasvanished b 用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词 表示被动意义和完成意义 这时过去分词相当于一个定语从句 例如 Thingsseenarebetterthanthingsheard Thingswhichareseenarebetterthanthingswhichareheard Thelobsterbroiledovercharcoalwasdelicious Thelobsterwhichwasbroiledovercharcoalwasdelicious 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态 用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词 不及物动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表示位置转移的动词 如go come assemble等 它们用在连系动词之后 表示完成意义 无被动意义 例如 Themanlookedquitedisappointed Heisgreatlydiscouragedbyherrefusal Hishairisnearlyallgone 已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语 常见的有accomplished amazed amused astonished broken closed completed complicated confused crowded devoted disappointed discouraged drunk excited frightened hurt interested lost satisfied surprised worried等 Discoveringusefulstructures Ex 2Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning seatsreservedby waterpollutedby aroomcrowdedwith awinnerpleasedwith astonishedchildren abrokenvase acloseddoor thetiredaudience atrappedanimal Ex 3Completethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative Hegot aboutlosingthemoney Thepainterlookedso afterworkingforawholeday Iwas withthefilmIsawlastnight Ihadexpectedittobebetter Everybodywas tohearofthedeathofthefamousfilmstar Everybodyisreally aboutthenewOlympicstadiums Hiswoundbecame withanewvirus blamed upset tired disappointed shocked depressed excited infected UsingLanguage COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARYTHEORY AtCopernicus time ChristianChurchwasinchargeofmanywesterncountries T Readthroughthepassage andtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse 3 Copernicusdidn tshowhisnewtheorytohisfriendsuntilhecompletedit 4 Hisfriendswerenotinterestedinhisideas T F 2 Copernicusnoticedthatobservedfromtheearth someplanetsappearsinfrontoforbehindtheearth F 5 SincehewasnotafraidofbeingattackedbytheChurch Copernicuspublishedhisbookassoonashefinishedworkingonit 6 Newton Einstein andHawkingareallscientistswhomadecontributiontothestudyoftheuniverse F T Usethereadingpassagetohelpyoudrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniverse AdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeEarthatitscentre AdiagramshowingthesolarsystemwiththeSunatitscentre COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARYTHEORY哥白尼的革命性理论尼古拉 哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的 虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字 然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论 地球不是太阳系的中心 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上 天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚 他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人 因为即使他只暗示有这种想法 他都会受到强大的基督教会势力的惩罚 教会认为世界是上帝创造的 正因为如此 地球就具有特殊的意义 它必定要成为太阳系的中心 这样 问题就来了 因为天文学家以前发现过 天上有些行星停顿下来 往后移动 然后再成环状向前移动 而其他行星看上去有时亮些 有时又不怎么亮 如果地球是太阳系的中心 而所有行星环绕着地球转的话 那么这种现象就很奇怪了 哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久 试图找出问题的答案 他曾经收集过观察星球的数据 并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这些数据 但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释 于是 他在1510至1514年期间从事这项研究 逐步修改他的理论 直到他感到完善时为止 1514年 他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看 他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的 他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上 而行星则围绕着太阳转 只有月球仍然绕着地球转 他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时 它本身还自转 这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球亮度问题 他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世 而他却小心谨慎 他不想遭到基督教会的攻击 所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点 当然 他小心谨慎是对的 基督教会拒绝接受他的理论 说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意 而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击 然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础 他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法 他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球 而地球正是宇宙的中心 哥白尼表明这是明显错误的 如今人们可以看到 他的这些想法与艾萨克 牛顿 阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬 霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系 workbook UsingwordsandexpressionsUsingstructuresReadingtask USINGWORDSANDEXPRESSIONS Ex 1ThisisareportonlivingconditionsinEnglandinthenineteenthcentury Choosetheproperwordinitscorrectformtoputintothetext instructneighbourhoodpollutedefeathandlesuspectblameseverecluelink todrawtheconclusioncure Educatedpeopleinthetwenty firstcenturymayfindithardtobelievethattwohundredyearsagopeopledidnot illness problemsintheenvironment WeallknowthatinLondondrinking watercausedmanydeathsfromcholera Therewasa toitscausebecauseitalwaysstartedinthepoor Thenitspreadtothericherareasastheservantspassediton Manydoctors thatpollutedwaterwasto andcleanwaterwasthe JohnSnow sinvestigationprovedthatthedirtierthewater themore theillness Sothegovernmentandthedoctors thatwatermustbepurified 净化 They peopletoremovethe frompumpsifthewaterwasinfected Thuscholerawas intheend link to polluted clue neighbourhoods suspected blame cure severe drewtheconclusion instructed handles defeated Ex 2Lookatthedictionaryentryfortheverbexposeandmatchthemeaningswiththesentencesontheright Writethecorrectnumbersinbrackets Whenheliftedhisshirtheexposedhisstrongathleticchest LiHuiwasexposedtocholerabutluckilyshedidnotbecomeill Youcannotexposeundevelopedfilmtolight 1 2 5 Iwasafraidtoexposemytruefeelingsincasehelaughedatme Thehumanrightslawyerspenthiscareerexposinginjusticeinsociety IwasneverexposedtoballetuntilIwassixteen Mushroomsdonotgrowwellifexposedtolight 6 3 4 1 Ex 3TranslatethesesentencesintoEnglish usingthewordsandphrasesinbrackets 1 除了去公园之外 我的活动范围仅限于邻近地区 Apartfromgoingtothepark Ilimitmymovementstomyneighbourhood 2 没有足够的证据很难作出结论 Itisdifficulttodrawaconclusionwithoutenoughevidence 3 这些科学的探寻将有助于我们项目的成功 Thesescientificenquirieswillcontributetothesuccessofourproject 4 居斯特夫 埃菲尔对他修建铁塔的计划满怀热情 而这座塔使他闻名于世 GustaveEiffelwasveryenthusiasticabouthisplantoconstructtheirontower whichmadehimworld famous 5 他常提出些不同寻常的计划 你在加入之前要慎重对待 Heoftenputsforwardunusualplans Sobecautiousaboutthembeforeyoudecidetojoinin 6 谁是第一个反对 地心说 的人 Whowasthefirstpersontorejecttheideathattheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse 7 虽然他的写作没什么意思 但弗雷德还是确信自己的作文会得高分 Althoughhiswritingdoesn tmakesense Fredispositivethathiscompositionwillscoreahighmark USINGSTRUCTURES Ex 1Chooseappropriateverbstocompletethefollowingsentences usingthepastparticiple Explaintheuseofthepastparticipleineachsentence worryinterestarrivefrightenpreparecontinueconcern Theywere toacceptmyidea I llbe toknowhowtheymadethewonderfulfireworks Themayorsaidthathewas aboutthe riseofthewaterlevelintheriverbed Recently soldiersarehelpingtotakethevictimstosafeareasfromtheflood Mostofthenewspaperseemstobe withpopstars Hewas ofgoingaloneintotheemptyhouse prepared interested worried continued arrived concerned frightened Ex 2Rewriteeachpairofsentencesasone usingthepastparticipleastheattributeorpredicative 1 Ifoundthisplateonthefloor Theplatewasbrokeninpieces Ifoundthisbrokenplateonthefloor 2 Isawatall darkandhandsomeman HisnameisXiaoMing I